CN109751026A - A kind of method and construction technology promoting pressure break exploitation Fracture System complexity - Google Patents
A kind of method and construction technology promoting pressure break exploitation Fracture System complexity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Method, a kind of fracturing work method and a kind of underground heating device method the invention discloses a kind of promotion pressure break exploitation Fracture System complexity include: slippery water during fracturing work, after the completion of perforation in heat levels pit shaft to increase the complexity degree in crack.It can effectively improve pressure pressure break exploitation Fracture System complexity according to the method for the present invention, so that the permanently effective flow conductivity of normal pressure shale gas Reservoir Fracture is improved, to increase the effective period of well stimulation and then improve economic development benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil-gas mining fields, and in particular to a method of it promotes pressure break and exploits Fracture System complexity
And construction technology.
Background technique
Shale gas refers to the Unconventional gas preserved in series of rocks based on preservation Yu Yifu organic shale, is continuous life
At biochemical genesis air and heat origin cause of formation gas or both mixing, can be present in intrinsic fracture and hole with free state, to inhale
Attached state is present in kerogen, clay particle surface, and there are also minute quantities to be stored in kerogen and asphalitine with dissolved state.
With the exhaustion of conventional oil resource, the exploitation of shale gas slowly becomes the emphasis of current oil-gas mining.Shale gas
Resource includes high pressure shale gas and normal pressure shale gas.The stock number of normal pressure shale gas is extremely huge, once it is prominent to obtain commerciality
Broken, then the development prospect of shale gas is very wide.
However, normal pressure shale gas fracturing technique mainly uses the technology mode and ginseng of similar high pressure shale gas pressure break at present
Number.Since the physical property of high pressure shale gas is not fully identical as the physical property of normal pressure shale gas, the prior art
In, normal pressure shale gas fracturing technique is only succeeded in terms of construction, but yield is undesirable always, the speed of successively decreasing of yield after pressure
It spends also very fast.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of methods of promotion pressure break exploitation Fracture System complexity, which comprises
During fracturing work, slippery water after the completion of perforation in heat levels pit shaft is to increase the complexity in crack
Degree.
In one embodiment, slippery water after the completion of perforation in heat levels pit shaft, wherein use electromagnetic induction heating
Mode heat levels pit shaft in slippery water.
In one embodiment, slippery water after the completion of perforation in heat levels pit shaft, wherein by the institute in horizontal wellbore
Having slippery water to be heated to is more than 50% or more of prime stratum temperature under bottom pressure.
In one embodiment, the method also includes:
The relatively low slippery water of temperature is injected after stopping heating.
In one embodiment, in fracturing process, the minimum grain size of proppant is determined based on small minute yardstick Fracture System.
In one embodiment, in fracturing process, using the proppant of two kinds of partial sizes of 140-230 mesh and 70-140 mesh, two
The mixed proportion of kind proppant is 1:1.
The fracturing work method based on the method for the invention that the invention also provides a kind of, the process include:
By donwhole heater with bridge plug, bridge plug is setting and perforating gun tripping in horizontal wellbore in scheduled position；
Enable the bridge plug is setting to give up；
The perforating gun and the donwhole heater are above mentioned, perforating job is carried out；
After the completion of the number of clusters perforation of sets requirement, the liquid in the donwhole heater heat levels pit shaft is used；
The pipe string for proposing the perforating gun and the donwhole heater carries out pressure break work according to the fracturing technology being pre-designed
Industry.
In one embodiment, by donwhole heater with scheduled position in bridge plug and perforating gun tripping in horizontal wellbore
It is interior, wherein by position multiple and different in horizontal wellbore described in the series connection tripping in of multiple donwhole heaters.
In one embodiment, the pipe string for proposing the perforating gun and the donwhole heater, according to the pressure break being pre-designed
Technique carries out fracturing work, wherein temperature relatively low slippery water is injected during the fracturing work.
The invention also provides a kind of donwhole heater, the heater includes:
External protection；
Inductance coil is configured to generate alternating magnetic field when receiving high frequency alternating current；
Electromagnetic heating pipe is configured to generate fever under the alternating magnetic field；
Separate layer is configured to separate the inductance coil and the electromagnetic heating pipe.
It can effectively improve pressure pressure break exploitation Fracture System complexity according to the method for the present invention, to improve normal pressure page
The permanently effective flow conductivity in rock gas reservoir crack, to increase the effective period of well stimulation and then improve economic development benefit.
Other feature or advantage of the invention will illustrate in the following description.Also, Partial Feature of the invention or
Advantage will be become apparent by specification, or be appreciated that by implementing the present invention.The purpose of the present invention and part
Advantage can be realized or be obtained by step specifically noted in the specification, claims and drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes part of specification, with reality of the invention
It applies example and is used together to explain the present invention, be not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is pressing crack construction flow diagram according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 be it is according to an embodiment of the invention comprising donwhole heater, bridge plug, bridge plug be setting and the tubing string of perforating gun shows
It is intended to；
Fig. 3 is donwhole heater structural schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, implementation personnel of the invention whereby
Can fully understand that how the invention applies technical means to solve technical problems, and reach technical effect realization process and according to
The present invention is embodied according to above-mentioned realization process.As long as each embodiment it should be noted that do not constitute conflict, in the present invention
And each feature in each embodiment can be combined with each other, be formed by technical solution protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
With the exhaustion of conventional oil resource, the exploitation of shale gas slowly becomes the emphasis of current oil-gas mining.Shale gas
Resource includes high pressure shale gas and normal pressure shale gas.The stock number of normal pressure shale gas is extremely huge, once it is prominent to obtain commerciality
Broken, then the development prospect of shale gas is very wide.
However, normal pressure shale gas fracturing technique mainly uses the technology mode and ginseng of similar high pressure shale gas pressure break at present
Number.Since the physical property of high pressure shale gas is not fully identical as the physical property of normal pressure shale gas, the prior art
In, normal pressure shale gas fracturing technique is only succeeded in terms of construction, but yield is undesirable always, the speed of successively decreasing of yield after pressure
It spends also very fast.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention first analyzes the construction details of the prior art.
Specifically, technically mainly using the technology mode and parameter of similar Fuling marine facies high pressure shale gas pressure break, it is such as single
Section perforation 2-3 cluster, segment length 70-80m, the total pressure break liquid measure 1600-1800m3 of single hop, wherein smooth water volume accounting 80-90%,
Viscosity 6-12mPa.s, remaining as glue, viscosity is generally 30-50mPa.s.Sometimes whole using smooth even without glue
Water.Total support dosage 60-70m3, proppant partial size generally comprise 70-140 mesh, 40-70 mesh and 30-50 mesh, wherein 70-140
Mesh proppant volume accounting 10-20%, 30-50 mesh proppant volume accounting 10-15%, remaining as 40-70 mesh proppant, and accounts for
Leading position.Inject discharge capacity 14-16m3/min, comprehensive sand liquor ratio 4% or so.This technology mode and parameter are asked there are following
Topic:
1) pressure coefficient is low, and the scale in original various cracks is relatively small, therefore, such as common using high pressure shale gas
Middle high viscosity slippery water, the Fracture System for the small minute yardstick that certainly will be generated want much less, then the complexity degree in crack can be substantially
It reduces.
2) ratio that the application percentage of 70-140 mesh small particle proppant such as uses high pressure shale gas suitable, because of above-mentioned original
Cause, most of small particle proppant can be inadequate because of the crack of small minute yardstick, and major part is stranded in the major fracture of large scale, most
The flow conductivity that major fracture can be blocked instead eventually plays adverse effect to effect after pressure.
3) since the parameters such as section spacing, single hop perforation number of clusters and single hop pressure break liquid measure are suitable or close, identical
On the basis of horizontal section length, the item number in crack is the same, but for these reasons caused by every crack complexity degree not
Enough, then volume reduction is effectively transformed in final crack.And normal pressure shale gas needs higher crack that volume is transformed.
Based on above-mentioned analysis, the invention proposes a kind of methods of promotion pressure break exploitation Fracture System complexity.Specifically
, in one embodiment, during fracturing work, slippery water after the completion of perforation in heat levels pit shaft is to increase crack
Complexity degree.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the slippery water in horizontal wellbore is heated to be more than prime stratum under bottom pressure
Temperature.It can thus enable the slippery water viscosity in horizontal wellbore be greatly lowered (in a concrete application embodiment, to be reduced to
0.1-0.2mPa.s), the Fracture System linked up with extend smaller scale is made it easier to, to increase considerably the complexity in crack
Property degree.In addition, also increasing thermal stress effects after higher than prime stratum temperature, and the strong of rock is reduced to a certain extent
Degree, in certain seam under the conditions of net pressure, is more also easy to produce new rupture, thus extensible more small minute yardstick crack systems
System.
It can effectively improve pressure pressure break exploitation Fracture System complexity according to the method for the present invention, to improve normal pressure page
The permanently effective flow conductivity in rock gas reservoir crack, to increase the effective period of well stimulation and then improve economic development benefit.
Specifically, in one embodiment, all slippery water in horizontal wellbore are heated under bottom pressure to be more than original
50% or more of formation temperature.
Further, in one embodiment, the slippery water by the way of electromagnetic induction heating in heat levels pit shaft.This
The validity and safety that heating is implemented can be effectively ensured in sample.Meanwhile tool can be calculated by the general power of electromagnetic heater
The heating effect of body, to accurately control final heating result temperature.
Further, in one embodiment, after the slippery water heating in pit shaft finishes stopping heating, in subsequent pressure
The relatively low slippery water of temperature is injected in operation.Specifically, in one embodiment, the slippery water that is subsequently implanted into and heated
The temperature difference of slippery water is 5-10 times.In this way, can promote further to generate more complicated crack system by the effect of hot and cold alternation
System.Since the viscosity of subsequent slippery water is high compared with the slippery water viscosity of heating, can further increase net in different scale crack
Pressure is also conducive to further increase the complexity in crack.
Further, in one embodiment, in order to sufficiently support the Fracture Systems of a large amount of small minute yardsticks, in fracturing process
In, select wide size distribution range, compared with small particle proppant.Specifically, determining proppant based on small minute yardstick Fracture System
Minimum grain size.The proppant of different-grain diameter, by natural imbibition principle, small particle proppant is distributed in small minute yardstick crack system
System, middle partial size proppant are distributed in the Fracture System of mesoscale, and big partial size proppant is then distributed in the Fracture System of large scale
It is interior, it has a role to play, is conducive to improve construction sand liquor ratio or using continuously plus sand model, the net pressure in different scale crack is into one
Step is promoted, and is further increased the complexity degree in crack, is obtained higher fracture condudtiviy.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the proppant of minimum grain size selects 140-230 mesh.
Further, in one embodiment, only with the proppant of two kinds of partial sizes, specifically, using 140-230 mesh and
The proppant of two kinds of partial sizes of 70-140 mesh.In view of different scale crack accounting is difficult to accurately determine, ad hoc meter 140-230 mesh
The mode mixed with 70-140 mesh, and mixed proportion is 1:1.In this way, being equivalent to the proppant using a kind of partial size, i.e. 70-
230 mesh are equivalent to the proppant of wide size distribution, can effectively cover the Fracture System of different scale in a wide range of.This mixing
Proppant for the flowing of shale gas, even if the daily output up to 100,000 sides, does not increase frictional resistance in additional seam yet.Moreover by
In the proppant of different-grain diameter, by natural imbibition principle, small particle proppant is distributed in small minute yardstick Fracture System, middle partial size
Proppant is distributed in the Fracture System of mesoscale, and big partial size proppant is then distributed in the Fracture System of large scale, actually
It is to have a role to play, what they were difficult to flock together in fact.Therefore, flow conductivity is low to rear yield after the mixed with proppants of worry
Influence, there's almost no, or influence it is smaller.In addition, the partial size because of proppant is integrally less than normal, construction sand liquor ratio is more conducively improved
Or using sand model is continuously added, the net pressure in different scale crack is further promoted, and further increases the complexity in crack
Property degree, obtains higher fracture condudtiviy.
Based on method proposed by the present invention, the invention proposes a kind of fracturing work methods.
Next the implementation process based on flow chart the present invention is described in detail embodiment.It is walked shown in the flow chart of attached drawing
Suddenly it can be executed in the computer system comprising such as a group of computer-executable instructions.Although showing in flow charts each
The logical order of step, but in some cases, it can be with the steps shown or described are performed in an order that is different from the one herein.
As shown in Figure 1, in one embodiment, fracturing work method includes the following steps.
S110, by donwhole heater in scheduled position in bridge plug and perforating gun tripping in horizontal wellbore.Specifically,
In one embodiment, comprising donwhole heater, bridge plug, bridge plug be setting and the tubing string of perforating gun is as shown in Figure 2.Wherein, underground adds
Hot device is electromagnetic heater, obtains electric energy by cable to generate heat.
Further, in one embodiment, in order to increase heating efficiency, by multiple donwhole heaters series connection tripping in horizontal well
Multiple and different position in cylinder.
S120 enables bridge plug is setting to give up.
S130 above mentions perforating gun and donwhole heater.
S140 carries out perforating job.
S150 uses the liquid in donwhole heater heat levels pit shaft after the completion of the number of clusters perforation of sets requirement.
S160 after the completion of heating, proposes the pipe string of perforating gun and donwhole heater.
S170 carries out fracturing work according to the fracturing technology being pre-designed.
Further, in one embodiment, in step S170, pressure break work is carried out according to the fracturing technology being pre-designed
Industry, wherein temperature relatively low slippery water is injected during fracturing work.
Further, in order to realize method of the present invention, the invention also provides a kind of donwhole heater, the undergrounds
Heater uses electromagnetic heating principle.Specifically, as shown in figure 3, heater includes:
External protection；
Inductance coil is configured to generate alternating magnetic field when receiving high frequency alternating current；
Electromagnetic heating pipe is configured to generate fever under the alternating magnetic field；
Separate layer is configured to separate the inductance coil and the electromagnetic heating pipe.
High frequency alternating current is inputted by cable, inductance coil generates alternating magnetic field, in the metal inner cylinder of electromagnetic heating pipe
With small current vortex is generated in casing, current vortex promotes the metallic molecule high speed random motion of metal inner cylinder and casing, mutually
Collision, friction generates heat, and metal inner cylinder and casing directly heat the slippery water in pit shaft as heat source.
Carry out the specific implementation process of one embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with a specific implementation scene.
In a concrete application scene, the detailed implementation steps of fracturing work are as follows:
1) assess crucial shale reservoir parameter: including lithology and mineral constituent, physical property, rock mechanics and three-dimensional crustal stress,
Stratification seam/texture seam and high angle Characteristics of The Matural Fractures etc..The acquisition of the methods of well logging, well logging and core test can be used.It is horizontal
Section situation can refer to and lead the corresponding relationship that a well surveys well logging and core data, by well logging horizontal segment well logging situation and lead a well
Curve comparison obtains related parameter.
2) preferred shower hole site: on the basis of step 1), comprehensively consider the geology dessert and engineering dessert of shale, use
Equal weight method calculates final synthesis dessert index.It is ranked up by comprehensive dessert index height, most in conjunction with step 3) optimization
Whole shower hole site.In order to increase the probability of each cluster uniform crack initiation and extension in section, the engineering dessert in section at each cluster position refers to
Mark answer it is suitable or close, it is maximum to be not to be exceeded 10% with the smallest engineering dessert difference.
3) optimize fracture parameters: on the basis of step 1), step 2), splitting the mature of production forecast using shale air pressure and simulate
Hydraulic fracture is arranged by equivalent conductivity method in software ECLIPSE.So-called equivalent conductivity, exactly puts fracture width
After big certain multiple, the permeability in scaled crack remains unchanged their the product i.e. flow conductivity in crack.
Then, by common orthogonal design method, different fracture length and its distribution is simulated and (waits that seams are long, both ends are long intermediate short U-shaped
With the W type etc. of length seam interaction), fracture condudtiviy, Yield changes after the pressure under seam spacing, therefrom yield is opposite after preferred pressure
Corresponding fracture parameters system is optimal fracture parameters when maximum.
4) optimization of fracturing parameter: in order to obtain the best fracture parameters obtained in step 3), using shale air pressure
The common commercial software MEYER of crack extended simulation, equally presses orthogonal design method, simulates different fracturing parameters
Crack ginseng under (discharge capacity, the ratio of total liquid measure and slippery water, total support dosage and sand liquor ratio of constructing) and different fracturing fluid viscositys
Number dynamic changes, therefrom can preferably obtain the fracturing parameter and fracturing fluid viscosity under best fracture conditions.
5) slippery water replaces wellbore operations: the operation is mainly in first segment application, because other sections be all smooth in the operation later period
Water replaces, and the slippery water of low frictional resistance is had been filled in pit shaft.General first segment is all coiled tubing band perforating gun operation, available
Coiled tubing carries out positive injection operation to slippery water, until annular space returns discharge slippery water.
6) electromagnetic heater, perforation and bridge plug pipe string under, and complete that bridge plug is setting, gives up and perforating job: along horizontal well
Section is uniformly distributed 1-10 electromagnetic heater, and other perforating guns, bridge plug and operation, routinely process executes.
7) cable is powered, and downhole electromagnetic heater heats slippery water in horizontal wellbore, according to electromagnetic heater
The temperature of general power, shale formation temperature and expected 50-100% is rised in value, and calculates the heating time of needs, and calculate the temperature
Influence to perforating site casing strength and deformation, it is ensured that the influence degree of burst resistance within 5%.
8) slippery water seam is constructed: being based on the analog result of step 4), is carried out seam with the 20-30% of total liquid measure of optimization
Construction, the 70% of the highest discharge capacity that discharge capacity takes step 4) to optimize, to link up and extend small minute yardstick Fracture System as much as possible.
9) 140-230 mesh and 70-140 mesh mixing proppant add sand operation: both proppants are mixed by 1:1, can
With two fracturing blender truck parallel constructions.Long slug injection is carried out in the sand 30-40% early period time by adding, such as 2-4-6-8%, 10-12-
14-16%, each sand liquor ratio half of hole volume of Duan Kewei or so.Later, it can attempt continuously to add sand model, such as 16-18-18-
20-22-24-26-28-30%, it is contemplated that the overall particle size of proppant is relatively small, and sand liquor ratio can also be attempted to further increase,
But the well head operation pressure rate of climb is centainly controlled less than 1MPa/min, otherwise easily causes sand plug.Until all proppants
Until having injected.
10) it replaces operation: after step 9), carrying out replacement operation, the preceding 20-30m of displacement fluid3It must be using high glutinous
Glue is spent, to reduce the sand setting effect of horizontal wellbore.Total replacement amount is prepared by the 120-140% of hole volume.
11) other sections of construction repeats step 6)~step 10).
12) after all sections of pressing crack constructions, plug, the row of returning, production test and normal production are bored, routinely process executes.
While it is disclosed that embodiment content as above but described only to facilitate understanding the present invention and adopting
Embodiment is not intended to limit the invention.Method of the present invention can also have other various embodiments.Without departing substantially from
In the case where essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art make various corresponding changes or change in accordance with the present invention
Shape, but these corresponding changes or deformation all should belong to scope of protection of the claims of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for promoting pressure break exploitation Fracture System complexity, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
During fracturing work, slippery water after the completion of perforation in heat levels pit shaft is to increase the complexity journey in crack
Degree.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein slippery water after the completion of perforation in heat levels pit shaft,
Wherein, the slippery water by the way of electromagnetic induction heating in heat levels pit shaft.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein slippery water after the completion of perforation in heat levels pit shaft,
Wherein, all slippery water in horizontal wellbore are heated to be more than 50% or more of prime stratum temperature under bottom pressure.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method also includes:
The relatively low slippery water of temperature is injected after stopping heating.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein it is true to be based on small minute yardstick Fracture System in fracturing process
Determine the minimum grain size of proppant.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in fracturing process, using 140-230 mesh and 70-140 mesh
The proppant of two kinds of partial sizes, the mixed proportion of two kinds of proppants are 1:1.
7. a kind of fracturing work method based on any one of claim 1~6 the method, which is characterized in that the method
Include:
By donwhole heater with bridge plug, bridge plug is setting and perforating gun tripping in horizontal wellbore in scheduled position；
Enable the bridge plug is setting to give up；
The perforating gun and the donwhole heater are above mentioned, perforating job is carried out；
After the completion of the number of clusters perforation of sets requirement, the liquid in the donwhole heater heat levels pit shaft is used；
The pipe string for proposing the perforating gun and the donwhole heater carries out fracturing work according to the fracturing technology being pre-designed.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that by donwhole heater with bridge plug and perforating gun tripping in water
In horizontal well cylinder in scheduled position, wherein by position multiple and different in horizontal wellbore described in the series connection tripping in of multiple donwhole heaters
It sets.
9. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that proposing the pipe of the perforating gun and the donwhole heater
String carries out fracturing work according to the fracturing technology being pre-designed, wherein inject temperature relatively during the fracturing work
Low slippery water.
10. a kind of donwhole heater, which is characterized in that the heater includes:
External protection；
Inductance coil is configured to generate alternating magnetic field when receiving high frequency alternating current；
Electromagnetic heating pipe is configured to generate fever under the alternating magnetic field；
Separate layer is configured to separate the inductance coil and the electromagnetic heating pipe.
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| CN109751026B (en) | 2021-11-02 |
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