CN109746649A - A kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft - Google Patents
A kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN109746649A CN109746649A CN201910188947.2A CN201910188947A CN109746649A CN 109746649 A CN109746649 A CN 109746649A CN 201910188947 A CN201910188947 A CN 201910188947A CN 109746649 A CN109746649 A CN 109746649A
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- connecting rod
- axle journal
- rod neck
- processing
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft, comprising the following steps: (1) slab selection；(2) it forges；(3) roughing；(4) it is heat-treated；(5) stress relief annealing；(6) smart car；(7) surface Hardening Treatment；(8) fillet rolling is handled；(9) it half refines；(10) it refines；(11) it drills；(12) dynamic balancing duplicate removal；(13) post-processing；(14) test package, this technique are handled by the way that surface Hardening Treatment and fillet rolling are added in smart car process, the integral hardness of each component of engine crankshaft are improved, thus the phenomenon that preventing engine crankshaft to be easy to appear fracture in the case where running at high speed for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crankshaft processing technology, specially a kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft.
Background technique
Crankshaft is most important component in engine, and general crankshaft is by crankshaft concentric reducer, trunnion, fanning strip and connecting rod neck
The overall structure of composition, material are made of structural carbon steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron, it bears the power that transmits of connecting rod, and by its
It is changed into torque to export by crankshaft and other attachmentes is driven on engine to work, centrifugal force of the crankshaft by gyrating mass, week
The gas inertia power of phase variation and the collective effect of reciprocal inertia force, make crankshaft bear the effect of flexion torsion load, therefore want
Crankshaft is asked there are enough strength and stiffness, journal surface need are wear-resisting, work is uniform, balance is good；Crankshaft is high speed rotation part again,
At work, crankshaft bears gas pressure, and the effect of inertia force and moment of inertia, stress is big and stress is complicated, and bears
The percussion of stress alternation.
However existing engine crankshaft is easily broken off in the case where running at high speed for a long time, main cause is comparison list of cranking arm
Thin, each part integral hardness of crankshaft is not high, is easily broken off in the case where running at high speed, and therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of engine crankshaft
Processing technology, improve each component of engine crankshaft hardness, to prevent engine crankshaft in the lower appearance that runs at high speed for a long time
The phenomenon that being easily broken.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft, to solve the existing engine proposed in background technique
The defect that crankshaft is easily broken off in the case where running at high speed.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is the following technical schemes are provided: a kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft, including with
Lower step:
(1) slab selection；The round steel that 40CrNi or 40CrNiMoA material may be selected is raw material；
(2) it forges；Blank is forged, temperature is controlled at 1100-1200 DEG C；
(3) roughing；Roughing includes end face milling, centering and rough turn, first by the blank after forging in three-jaw card
Under disk is fixed, and with compressing after V-block and Auxiliary support adjustment clamping workpiece, both ends of the surface are milled, then carry out Whole blanking and hit the heart
Hole, two centre bores of control are in cylindrical shaft error≤0.75mm in the heart, finally, rough turn trunnion and both ends axle journal, cooperate cam lock
Have rough turn connecting rod neck, and rough mills fan plate shape；
(4) it is heat-treated；To be heat-treated by rough machined workpiece, it is quenched to 45-55HRC, it is quenched after to workpiece deflection
It is detected, exceeded deflection is straightened, wherein deflection is less than 1.0mm；
(5) stress relief annealing；Workpiece is heat-treated destressing, detects after destressing to workpiece deflection, to exceeded change
Shape amount is straightened, and wherein deflection is less than 0.7mm；
(6) smart car；Smart car trunnion and both ends axle journal, then smart car connecting rod neck；
(7) surface Hardening Treatment；Intensive treatment is carried out in trunnion, connecting rod neck and both ends journal surface；
(8) fillet rolling is handled, to carrying out rolling processing at each fillet of workpiece；
(9) it half refines；Half fine grinding trunnion and both ends axle journal, then half fine grinding connecting rod neck, and outside finish-milling crankshaft fan plate
Shape, both ends of the surface, the right boring both ends of the hole of last Vehicle Processing crankshaft；
(10) it refines；With the axle journal taper of cylindrical grinder fine grinding connecting rod neck, the axle journal taper of the connecting rod neck is 1:110, then essence
Grind trunnion, both ends axle journal, fan plate outer circle and axle journal taper；
(11) it drills；Car owner's axle journal centre bore, and cooperate eccentric fixture vehicle connecting rod neck centre bore, then the fan plate loss of weight of vehicle connecting rod neck
Hole, and drill straight oilhole and inclined oil hole of air；
(12) dynamic balancing duplicate removal；Dynamic balancing detection and duplicate removal processing are carried out to crankshaft；
(13) post-processing；Including flaw detection, nitridation, polishing, each axle journal of cleaning and antirust treatment；
(14) test package；It examines each parameter of workpiece whether up to standard, is packed and stored after qualified.
Preferably, 850-930 DEG C of hardening heat, time 1.0-1.5h be heat-treated in the step (4), tempering temperature
To be 550-600 DEG C, time 0.5-1h.
Preferably, the temperature of stress relief annealing is 150-180 DEG C in the step (5), time 1.2-2h.
Preferably, the mode of the intensive treatment in the step (7) are as follows: in trunnion, connecting rod neck and both ends journal surface
One layer of tungsten carbide is coated, is processed by shot blasting after 6-8h.
Preferably, in the step (8), rolling revolving speed is 500-600r/min in fillet rolling processing；The rolling time is
1-3min。
Round steel is fixed on drill end fixture by the present invention using radial drilling machine, in the two sides centering of round steel, control
Two centers can effectively improve overall processing precision, and guarantee crankshaft fanning strip in cylindrical shaft error≤0.75mm in the heart
Machining allowance improves processing and loading clamp precision, reduces unnecessary cutting output, the depth of centre bore is 8 ± 1mm, to ensure clamping
It is accurate.
Centre bore of the present invention using the top top one end of horizontal lathe, the other end of scroll chuck clamping round steel, first vehicle
The thrust basal plane of crankshaft, the axle journal of rough turn trunnion and crankshaft two end portion is positioned using thrust basal plane as benchmark face, then with bias
Two jaw positioning spindle neck of fixture, adjusts the eccentricity of eccentric fixture, positions each section of company of rough turn processing with the datum level of trunnion
Bar neck；Vertical knee and column milling machine is used again, outer circle is positioned with dividing head three-jaw, tail centre positions other end centre bore and draws according to template
Line rough mills each fan plate shape.
The present invention will be heat-treated by rough machined workpiece, quenched to hardness 45-55HRC, can guarantee crankshaft core
Portion hardness 45-55HRC, it is ensured that crankshaft overall mechanical properties, workpiece may deform in heat treatment quenching and tempering, need to be to deflection
It is detected, and alignment processing is carried out to the exceeded workpiece of deflection, guarantee the accuracy of post-production.
In the present invention process after workpiece stress relief annealing during pay attention to tempering temperature to prevent workpiece from deforming,
It also needs to detect deflection, and alignment processing is carried out to the workpiece of exceeded deformation.
Axle journal taper of the present invention with cylindrical grinder fine grinding connecting rod neck, coupling part of the axle journal taper as entire crankshaft,
Workpiece must be held out against in its processing, and coolant liquid will be fully cooled grinding area, and the trimmer for modifying grinding wheel answers fix tightly on grinding machine
It leans on, feed must be steady.
The present invention is higher to lathe process required precision, the rough turn surplus for processing preferred diametrically unilateral reserved 1.5mm,
In the surplus for axially opening the unilateral made allowance 0.5mm in grade end face, convenient for the progress of following process, while finishing can be effectively reduced
In cutting output and process time, guarantee processing efficiency, diametrically made allowance 0.5mm after semifinishing axially opens a grade end face list
Side made allowance 0.2mm；Polishing surplus 0.005mm-0.007mm is diametrically stayed after finishing, axially opens a grade end face polishing.
To needing to be straightened workpiece after heat treatment in the present invention, it can guarantee the accurate of following process, avoid workpiece deformation
Caused product is unqualified, and the phase angle ﹤ 15 of stringent crankshaft divides, and can effectively ensure that the essence that 1:100 taper is connected with taper hole
Close property, guarantees the stabilization in crankshaft operation.
Dynamic balancing duplicate removal enters whole finishing to the amount of unbalance ﹤ 5g.cm of crankshaft entirety in the present invention after dynamic balancing detection
Work positions outer circle, two top top both ends centre bores, tarry matter trunnion and both ends axle journal with the clip of cylindrical grinder；Use crankshaft grinding
Bed cooperation eccentric fixture gripper spindle neck outer circle, this process, which should be noted, guarantees the accurate of processing, to ensure the phase angle symbol of crankshaft
Processing request is closed, guarantees machining accuracy.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. one layer of tungsten carbide is coated in trunnion, connecting rod neck and both ends journal surface by increasing surface Hardening Treatment technique,
Improve the integral hardness and wear-resisting property at each position of crankshaft；
2. the integral hardness of each component of crankshaft both can be improved, crankshaft can also be improved by increasing fillet rolling treatment process
Fatigue strength；
3. by being equipped with straightening technology after the process for being easy to produce deformation, to improve the quality of crankshaft.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technology of the invention, scheme are clearly and detailedly described, it is clear that institute
The embodiment of description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment of the present invention,
Every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, belongs to this hair
The range of bright protection.
Embodiment 1
(1) slab selection；The round steel that 40CrNiMoA material may be selected is raw material；
(2) it forges；Blank is forged, temperature is controlled at 1150-1200 DEG C；
(3) roughing；Roughing includes end face milling, centering and rough turn, first by the blank after forging in three-jaw card
Under disk is fixed, and with compressing after V-block and Auxiliary support adjustment clamping workpiece, both ends of the surface are milled, then carry out Whole blanking and hit the heart
Hole, two centre bores of control are in cylindrical shaft error≤0.75mm in the heart, finally, rough turn trunnion and both ends axle journal, cooperate cam lock
Have rough turn connecting rod neck, and rough mills fan plate shape；
(4) it is heat-treated；To be heat-treated by rough machined workpiece, it is quenched to 48-52HRC, it is quenched after to workpiece deflection
It is detected, exceeded deflection is straightened, wherein deflection is less than 1.0mm, and 890-930 DEG C of hardening heat, the time is
1.2-1.5h, tempering temperature are 550-580 DEG C, time 0.7-1h
(5) stress relief annealing；Workpiece is heat-treated destressing, detects after destressing to workpiece deflection, to exceeded change
Shape amount is straightened, and wherein deflection is less than 0.7mm, and the temperature of annealing is 160-180 DEG C, time 1.5-2h.
(6) smart car；Smart car trunnion and both ends axle journal, then smart car connecting rod neck；
(7) surface Hardening Treatment；Intensive treatment is carried out in trunnion, connecting rod neck and both ends journal surface；In trunnion, connecting rod neck
One layer of tungsten carbide is coated with both ends journal surface, is processed by shot blasting after 6-8h；
(8) fillet rolling is handled, and to rolling processing is carried out at each fillet of workpiece, rolling revolving speed is 500- in fillet rolling processing
550r/min；The rolling time is 1-2min；
(9) it half refines；Half fine grinding trunnion and both ends axle journal, then half fine grinding connecting rod neck, and outside finish-milling crankshaft fan plate
Shape, both ends of the surface, the right boring both ends of the hole of last Vehicle Processing crankshaft；
(10) it refines；With the axle journal taper of cylindrical grinder fine grinding connecting rod neck, the axle journal taper of the connecting rod neck is 1:110, then essence
Grind trunnion, both ends axle journal, fan plate outer circle and axle journal taper；
(11) it drills；Car owner's axle journal centre bore, and cooperate eccentric fixture vehicle connecting rod neck centre bore, then the fan plate loss of weight of vehicle connecting rod neck
Hole, and drill straight oilhole and inclined oil hole of air；
(12) dynamic balancing duplicate removal；Dynamic balancing detection and duplicate removal processing are carried out to crankshaft；
(13) post-processing；Including flaw detection, nitridation, polishing, each axle journal of cleaning and antirust treatment；
(14) test package；It examines each parameter of workpiece whether up to standard, is packed and stored to obtain embodiment 1 after qualified.
Embodiment 2
(1) slab selection；The round steel that 40CrNi material may be selected is raw material；
(2) it forges；Blank is forged, temperature is controlled at 1100-1150 DEG C；
(3) roughing；Roughing includes end face milling, centering and rough turn, first by the blank after forging in three-jaw card
Under disk is fixed, and with compressing after V-block and Auxiliary support adjustment clamping workpiece, both ends of the surface are milled, then carry out Whole blanking and hit the heart
Hole, two centre bores of control are in cylindrical shaft error≤0.75mm in the heart, finally, rough turn trunnion and both ends axle journal, cooperate cam lock
Have rough turn connecting rod neck, and rough mills fan plate shape；
(4) it is heat-treated；To be heat-treated by rough machined workpiece, it is quenched to 45-55HRC, it is quenched after to workpiece deflection
It is detected, exceeded deflection is straightened, wherein deflection is less than 1.0mm, and 850-890 DEG C of hardening heat, the time is
1.0-1.2h, tempering temperature are 580-600 DEG C, time 0.5-0.7h
(5) stress relief annealing；Workpiece is heat-treated destressing, detects after destressing to workpiece deflection, to exceeded change
Shape amount is straightened, and wherein deflection is less than 0.7mm, and the temperature of annealing is 150-160 DEG C, time 1.2-1.5h.
(6) smart car；Smart car trunnion and both ends axle journal, then smart car connecting rod neck；
(7) surface Hardening Treatment；Intensive treatment is carried out in trunnion, connecting rod neck and both ends journal surface；In trunnion, connecting rod neck
One layer of tungsten carbide is coated with both ends journal surface, is processed by shot blasting after 6-8h；
(8) fillet rolling is handled, and to rolling processing is carried out at each fillet of workpiece, rolling revolving speed is 550- in fillet rolling processing
600r/min；The rolling time is 2-3min；
(9) it half refines；Half fine grinding trunnion and both ends axle journal, then half fine grinding connecting rod neck, and outside finish-milling crankshaft fan plate
Shape, both ends of the surface, the right boring both ends of the hole of last Vehicle Processing crankshaft；
(10) it refines；With the axle journal taper of cylindrical grinder fine grinding connecting rod neck, the axle journal taper of the connecting rod neck is 1:110, then essence
Grind trunnion, both ends axle journal, fan plate outer circle and axle journal taper；
(11) it drills；Car owner's axle journal centre bore, and cooperate eccentric fixture vehicle connecting rod neck centre bore, then the fan plate loss of weight of vehicle connecting rod neck
Hole, and drill straight oilhole and inclined oil hole of air；
(12) dynamic balancing duplicate removal；Dynamic balancing detection and duplicate removal processing are carried out to crankshaft；
(13) post-processing；Including flaw detection, nitridation, polishing, each axle journal of cleaning and antirust treatment；
(14) test package；It examines each parameter of workpiece whether up to standard, is packed and stored to obtain embodiment 2 after qualified.
The engine crankshaft of Examples 1 and 2 production is subjected to performance checking, meets engine crankshaft technical conditions
The technical requirements of GB3802-83.
The crankshaft that Examples 1 and 2 produce is applied on automobile, compares survey with common engine crankshaft in the market
Examination obtains crankshaft made from Examples 1 and 2 with better abrasion resistance and hardness, and the service life is longer.
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art,
It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or part of technical characteristic is carried out etc.
With replacement, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in this
Within the protection scope of invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft, which comprises the following steps:
(1) slab selection；The round steel that 40CrNi or 40CrNiMoA material may be selected is raw material；
(2) it forges；Blank is forged, temperature is controlled at 1100-1200 DEG C；
(3) roughing；Roughing includes end face milling, centering and rough turn, first by the blank after forging in three-jaw card
Under disk is fixed, and with compressing after V-block and Auxiliary support adjustment clamping workpiece, both ends of the surface are milled, then carry out Whole blanking and hit the heart
Hole, two centre bores of control are in cylindrical shaft error≤0.75mm in the heart, finally, rough turn trunnion and both ends axle journal, cooperate cam lock
Have rough turn connecting rod neck, and rough mills fan plate shape；
(4) it is heat-treated；To be heat-treated by rough machined workpiece, it is quenched to 45-55HRC, it is quenched after to workpiece deflection
It is detected, exceeded deflection is straightened, wherein deflection is less than 1.0mm；
(5) stress relief annealing；Workpiece is heat-treated destressing, detects after destressing to workpiece deflection, to exceeded change
Shape amount is straightened, and wherein deflection is less than 0.7mm；
(6) smart car；Smart car trunnion and both ends axle journal, then smart car connecting rod neck；
(7) surface Hardening Treatment；Intensive treatment is carried out in trunnion, connecting rod neck and both ends journal surface；
(8) fillet rolling is handled, to carrying out rolling processing at each fillet of workpiece；
(9) it half refines；Half fine grinding trunnion and both ends axle journal, then half fine grinding connecting rod neck, and outside finish-milling crankshaft fan plate
Shape, both ends of the surface, the right boring both ends of the hole of last Vehicle Processing crankshaft；
(10) it refines；With the axle journal taper of cylindrical grinder fine grinding connecting rod neck, the axle journal taper of the connecting rod neck is 1:110, then essence
Grind trunnion, both ends axle journal, fan plate outer circle and axle journal taper；
(11) it drills；Car owner's axle journal centre bore, and cooperate eccentric fixture vehicle connecting rod neck centre bore, then the fan plate loss of weight of vehicle connecting rod neck
Hole, and drill straight oilhole and inclined oil hole of air；
(12) dynamic balancing duplicate removal；Dynamic balancing detection and duplicate removal processing are carried out to crankshaft；
(13) post-processing；Including flaw detection, nitridation, polishing, each axle journal of cleaning and antirust treatment；
(14) test package；It examines each parameter of workpiece whether up to standard, is packed and stored after qualified.
2. a kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: hot in the step (4)
850-930 DEG C of the hardening heat of processing, time 1.0-1.5h, tempering temperature are 550-600 DEG C, time 0.5-1h.
3. a kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (5)
The temperature of stress annealing is 150-180 DEG C, time 1.2-2h.
4. a kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (7)
The mode of intensive treatment are as follows: coat one layer of tungsten carbide in trunnion, connecting rod neck and both ends journal surface, carried out at polishing after 6-8h
Reason.
5. a kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (8), circle
Rolling revolving speed is 500-600r/min in angle rolling processing；The rolling time is 1-3min.
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| CN201910188947.2A CN109746649A (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2019-03-13 | A kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft |
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| CN201910188947.2A CN109746649A (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2019-03-13 | A kind of processing technology of engine crankshaft |
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| CN110524202A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-03 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | The processing method of retro-rocket abnormity nozzle with scarfed exit plane shell |
| CN110714188A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-01-21 | 吉林大学 | Surface nanocrystallization high-energy ion injection and permeation composite treatment method |
| CN111993091A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-11-27 | 重庆红亿机械有限公司 | Crankshaft machining device |
| CN115625495A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-01-20 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | V12 engine crankshaft machining method |
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Application publication date: 20190514 |