CN109743824B - Timing and photosensitive-based intelligent street lamp illumination control system and implementation method - Google Patents
Timing and photosensitive-based intelligent street lamp illumination control system and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/40—Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection
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Abstract
The intelligent street lamp lighting control system based on timing and light sensitivity comprises a timing counter circuit, a shutdown oscillator circuit, a light sensitivity circuit, a timer reset circuit, a relay circuit, a lighting switch circuit and a low-voltage power supply circuit; the counting timer circuit consists of an IC1 and peripheral elements, when the IC1 starts at night, the output of a pin 2 is low level, the conduction of T4 is realized, meanwhile, the disconnection of T3 is realized due to dark night, the saturated conduction of T5 of the relay circuit and the conduction of T2 of the timer reset circuit are realized, the pin 12 of the IC1 presents low level, the suction of the relay J is finally caused, and the street lamp is lightened; after the illumination time reaches the expected clock point, the pin 2 of the IC1 outputs a high level, the T4 is cut off, and the street lamp is turned off; the high level of the 2 feet simultaneously controls the T1 of the shutdown oscillator circuit to be conducted, and the timer circuit stops oscillating; after the night is on, the T3 is conducted by light, the T2 is cut off, the 12 pins of the IC2 are in high level, the timer is reset, and the night curtain is waited for coming again.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology and an implementation method of an intelligent street lamp lighting control system based on timing and light sensitivity, wherein a very expensive lighting power supply time control system designed by a power supply department is not installed in a general community or a small and medium-sized factory and public institution due to cost reasons; a set of simple but practical intelligent street lamp switch system based on timing and light sensitivity is specially designed for the departments, an integrated circuit CD4060 counter chip is used as an oscillation and counting core circuit, the illumination of the street lamp can be automatically turned on or off according to the brightness of light rays and preset timing time, in order to prolong the timing time, the external non-polar oscillation capacitor of the counter needs to be as large as possible, two large-capacity electrolytic capacitors are reversely connected to replace the original non-polar capacitor, high cost performance can be achieved, and the design can be practically applied to switch application of the external light rays in any time with brightness change.
Background
For municipal lighting systems of cities, since a special time control switch system is installed, the on and off time points can be set according to the situations of local black and night driving, but a common residential community or small and medium-sized factories, mines and institutions can be relatively expensive, and the time control system is not installed. The method of manually controlling the street lamp illumination is adopted, so that the situation that the street lamp is still started in the daytime or is very black in the daytime but is not started frequently occurs, the electric power resource is wasted, and the daily life of residents or staff is greatly influenced.
A set of simple, cheap and practical timing and photosensitive lighting switch system can be designed, the system can automatically switch on outdoor lighting when the day gradually darkens to reach preset darkness, the time for maintaining on can be adjusted in advance, the lighting power supply is switched off after the timing arrives, and a new working process can be restarted only when the day lightens.
In fact, the design may be applied to any long and short switching application for brightness changes of ambient light.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a timing and photosensitive-based intelligent street lamp switching system which is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, reliable in use and practical, and is specially designed for factories and mines, units or communities without a very expensive lighting power supply time control system designed by a power supply department.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an intelligent street lamp lighting control system based on timing and light sensitivity, which comprises a timing counter circuit, a shutdown oscillator circuit, a light sensitivity circuit, a timer reset circuit, a relay circuit, a lighting switch circuit and a low-voltage power supply circuit; the counting timer circuit consists of an integrated circuit CD4060 and peripheral elements, the night comes to the beginning of the CD4060 at fixed time, the output of a low level by a pin 2 in the fixed time period controls the conduction of a triode T4 of the relay circuit, meanwhile, the photoelectric tube T3 is disconnected due to dark night, a collector of the T3 presents a high level, a triode T5 of the relay circuit is saturated and conducted, a triode T2 of the timer reset circuit is conducted, the pin 12 of the CD4060 presents a low level, the CD4060 is fixed time and oscillation is kept effective, the relay J is finally caused to be attracted, the lighting switch circuit works, and a street lamp is lighted; after the illumination time reaches the expected clock point, the CD4060 is finished at fixed time, the 2-pin output of the CD4060 is high level, the triode T4 is cut off, the relay J is disconnected, and the street lamp is extinguished; the high level of the 2 pins of the CD4060 simultaneously controls the triode T1 of the shutdown oscillator circuit to be conducted, the 11 pins of the CD4060 are low level, and the timer circuit stops oscillating, so that the street lamp can not be lightened by a timer in the evening; after the sun-light, the photoelectric tube T3 is conducted by light, the triode T2 is cut off, the 12 feet of the timer CD4060 presents high level, the timer is reset, the 2 feet output of the timer CD4060 is cleared, and the timer presents low level; the lighting control system waits for the night screen to come again, again causing the 12 feet of CD4060 to be low and the counter to start again at a timed time.
And the negative electrodes of the capacitors C1 and C2 are connected, the positive electrode of the capacitor C1 is connected with the 9 pin of the CD4060, and the positive electrode of the capacitor C2 is connected with the lower end of the potentiometer P1.
The base electrode of the triode T1 is connected with the 2 pin of the CD4060 through a resistor R1, the collector electrode of the triode T1 is connected with the 11 pin of the CD4060, and the emitter electrode of the triode T1 is connected with a working ground.
The emitter of the phototube T3 is connected with the working ground, the collector of the phototube T3 is connected with the output end of the low-voltage power supply circuit through a resistor R7, and the collector of the T3 is simultaneously connected with the base of the triode T2 of the timer reset circuit and the base of the relay circuit triode T5.
And the collector of the triode T2 of the timer reset circuit is connected with the 12 pin of the CD4060, and the emitter of the T2 is connected with the working ground.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are provided to provide a further understanding of the present application, and fig. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of a timed, photosensitive lighting switch for a cell street lamp in accordance with the present application. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an internal circuit configuration of the counter and timer chip CD 4060.
Detailed Description
Timing and photosensitive lighting switch electric principle of district street lamp
The system can be used for timing and photosensitive lighting switches of street lamps, an electrical schematic diagram is shown in figure 1, and as can be seen in figure 1, the system comprises a timing counter circuit, a shutdown oscillator circuit, a photosensitive circuit, a timer reset circuit, a relay circuit, a lighting switch circuit and a low-voltage power supply circuit.
Counting and timer circuit
The core element of the intelligent lighting switch system is an integrated circuit IC 1 (CD 4060), and the CD4060 is a 14-level CMOS binary counter/oscillator circuit, and the internal structure of the intelligent lighting switch system is shown in figure 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2, CD4060 has 10 count outputs. And an oscillating circuit is arranged in the internal oscillator, the internal oscillator can form controllable multivibrators by externally connecting R, C resistor-capacitor elements or quartz crystals through pins 9, 10 and 11, and the internal oscillator is connected to the clock input end of the counter in the chip.
The oscillation frequency can be calculated as follows:
wherein the unit f is Hertz, R is ohm, and Farad.
When the internal counter reset terminal R (not the 12 pin RES terminal of the chip, see fig. 2) is at a high level, the counter is cleared or reset (Q 4~Q14 outputs are all "0"), and the oscillator is disabled, note that the corresponding chip 12 pin is also at a high level.
When the reset terminal R of the internal counter is at low level (the pin RES terminal of the chip 12 is also at low level), the external oscillation timing element controls to generate clock pulse signals with certain frequency, and the clock pulse CP falls to trigger counting (see figure 1)End), the internal counter starts counting, and after a period, pulse signals from frequency division 4 to frequency division 10 and frequency division 12 to frequency division 14 can be output at corresponding pins, wherein '13' in Q 13 is 13 frequency division output, corresponding to the 2 nd pin of the chip, see fig. 1, and the like.
For the purpose of proficiency in applying the timing function of 4060, emphasis is placed on the different functions corresponding to the two levels of RES (12 pins) on chip IC 1: when U RES =1, the counter is reset, the oscillator is invalid, and the counter outputs are all 0; when U RES =0, the counter starts counting, the street lamp switch starts at a timing, and the timing time is determined by the oscillation frequency. After a few times, the output terminals of the counter are successively turned to high level, for example, the voltage U Q13 =1 at the 13-division output terminal, and the street lamp is turned off, see the relevant part of fig. 1.
According to the circuit element parameters shown in fig. 1, the time for lighting the street lamp can be adjusted to 1-8 hours by using the potentiometer P 1. In order to prolong the timing time as much as possible, the capacitance of the 9 pin external connection of the IC 1 can be adjusted to a high-capacity nonpolar capacitance.
However, the high-capacity nonpolar capacitor is expensive, the electrolytic capacitor has large capacity and low cost, but has polarity, two high-capacity electrolytic capacitors with equal capacity and equal withstand voltage can be reversely connected in series, such as the electrolytic capacitor C 1、C2 in fig. 1, and the connection method can reduce leakage current in an alternating current circuit, which is equivalent to the nonpolar high-capacity capacitor. The working state of the capacitor is that when alternating current exists, one capacitor is in a reverse state, the voltage drop at two ends of the capacitor is very small due to severe electric leakage, almost all the voltage falls on the positive capacitor, and when the other half period of the alternating current exists, the states of the two capacitors are exchanged, so that the two capacitors are used as one capacitor, the total capacitance is equal to the value of any one capacitor, and the total withstand voltage value is equal to 2 times of any one capacitor.
Relay circuit
Referring to fig. 1, whether the relay J can be turned on, i.e., whether the street lamp is turned on, depends on whether the relay triggers the signal amplifying circuit transistor T 4 and the transistor T 5 controlled by the photo-sensing circuit to be turned on simultaneously.
When the timer timing is not finished, U Q13 =0, the base-emitter of the transistor T 4 generates an on current, and is in a conducting state; the dark light does not cause the phototransistor T 3 to turn off, and the base-emitter of the transistor T 5 generates an on-current, which is also in an on-state. In this case, the relay J is closed, the lighting circuit is energized, and the street lamp is turned on.
That is, even though the timer is not timed to end the turn-on of T 1, if the time is in daytime, the phototransistor T 3 is turned on, the transistor T 5 is in an off state, and the street lamp is not yet lightened; or, although in the evening, T 5 is in the on state, the timer is timed out, and the street lamp is still not started.
Photosensitive circuit and timer reset circuit
Referring to fig. 1, the photosensitive circuit is composed of a phototransistor T 3, the counter reset circuit is composed of a transistor T 2 and a resistor R 6、R7, when the time is in the evening, the phototransistor T 3 is in an off state between the collector and emitter due to no illumination, the T 5 is turned on, and the street lamp may be turned on; t 2 is turned on, the 12 pin (RES end) of the counter 4060 is at low level, the oscillator works normally, and the counter counts normally.
When the time is in the daytime, the phototransistor T 3 is turned on due to the irradiation of light, the current of the base level T 5 is reduced and the street lamp is turned off; since the base-emitter junction of T 2 is in parallel with the base-emitter junction of T 5, T 2 is also turned off during daytime, the 12 pin (RES end) of the counter 4060 is high, the counter is cleared or reset (Q 4~Q14 output is all "0"), and the oscillator is disabled, and the street lamp is still turned off due to the turn-off of T 5 although T 4 is turned on.
Therefore, only when it is dark, the transistor T 5、T2 is turned on.
Shut down oscillator circuit
Since the individual module circuits are interrelated, their potentials are dependent on each other, there may be a case: in the dark, the power supply provides base current for the transistor T 2 through the resistor R 7, the transistor T 2、T5 is conducted, and the street lamp is lighted; at the same time, the counter IC 1 counts pulses generated by the internal oscillator. After a preset time, the output end Q 13 of the counter becomes high level, so that the T 4 is cut off, the relay J is disconnected, and the street lamp is extinguished.
A problem arises in this case, since the 12 pin RES (reset pin) of the IC 1 is always kept low during the whole night due to the pull-in of T 2, the counter is always in counting state and the oscillator is always active, so that after the street lamp is turned off, the street lamp is turned back low again after a certain period of time (the time of outputting the duty cycle of the pulse Q 13), the IC 1 will continue to go on for the second counting period, the street lamp will be turned on again after the preset time is finished, the street lamp is turned off again, and a cycle is repeated for one night, which is not desirable, and a way must be adopted to force the counter to stop counting after the first counting period is finished.
A shutdown oscillator circuit can be designed, as shown in fig. 1, after a preset time passes between pin 11 and pin 2 (Q 13) of IC 1 and the output terminal of transistor T 1,Q13, the series resistor R 1 and the output terminal of transistor T 1,Q13 become high, the street lamp is turned off, the high level provides an on current to transistor T 1 through resistor R 1 until it is turned on, pin 11 of IC 1 becomes low, forcing the oscillator in IC 1 to stop working, and the counter will stop counting.
Since it is still at night, resulting in no reset signal at pin 12 of IC 1 (RES end) arriving (U RES +.1), pin Q 13 is still high, which remains on until the counter is reset (U RES =1), and a new duty cycle can be started later: when black, U RES =0, the counter starts to count, and the street lamp is started; after the first period of Q 13 is finished, the street lamp is extinguished, and the cycle is not stopped.
Lighting switch circuit
The lighting switch circuit is composed of a normally closed switch SB 1, a normally open switch SB 2, a relay J and a contactor C. The timer is not in a preset time at night, the relay J is attracted, the coil end of the contactor C is attracted by starting current, and the 220V alternating current power supply supplies power to the lighting lamp through the normally closed switch SB 1 and the contactor C; and when the timing time is up, the relay J is opened, the contactor C is opened, and the illumination power supply is turned off.
If the situation that the street lamp cannot be powered due to the error control of the control circuit is met, the normally open switch SB 2 and the contactor C can be directly connected in an emergency mode, and the uninterrupted power supply can be recovered for the illumination power supply; if the control circuit is in a condition that the illumination power supply cannot be turned off or needs to be turned off in an emergency, the normally-closed switch SB 1 can be directly turned on, the contactor C is turned off, and the illumination power supply is turned off.
Low-voltage power supply circuit
The conventional method for converting the alternating current commercial power into the low-voltage direct current is to adopt a transformer for rectifying and filtering after the voltage is reduced, but if the limitation of factors such as receptor volume and cost is met, the simplest practical method is to adopt a capacitor voltage reduction type principle to realize the acquisition of the low-voltage power supply.
In fig. 1, a 220V power frequency ac power supply is directly connected to a circuit, a power transformer is not needed, a diode D 1~D4 rectifies the ac power supply and has a capacitor C 4 to perform smooth filtering, and a stable dc voltage is obtained by stabilizing the voltage through a voltage stabilizing diode D 5. The capacitor C 5 is used as a voltage-reducing resistor, and the rated operating voltage is not lower than 400V, preferably 630V.
The resistor R 5 is a discharge resistor of the capacitor C 5, which is important for circuit safety; the capacity of the capacitor C 5 is selected according to an empirical formula, and 1uF outputs about 100mA current; note the power consumption of zener diode D 5, severely disabling the zener diode from operating off.
The low voltage power supply will act as the operating power supply for the IC 1 and other circuits.
Make and notice
(1) The installation of the phototransistor T 3 needs to pay attention to avoiding the illumination of the street lamp, if non-sun rays are irradiated onto the T 3, unnecessary error control can be caused, the street lamp is frequently turned on-off, the illumination effect is affected, and the service life of the lamp is reduced.
(2) The timing time can be adjusted by the potentiometer P 1, such as long in summer and short in night, and the timing time can be adjusted to be short; and the other way round in winter. For convenient adjustment, the potentiometer knob can be used for imitating the sound adjusting knob of the radio recorder to mark the scale clockwise or counterclockwise.
(3) The current-limiting capacitor C 5 must be a nonpolar capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor cannot be used absolutely, the withstand voltage of the capacitor must be above 400V, and the optimal capacitor is an iron shell oil immersed capacitor.
(4) The circuit is not stepped down by using an industrial frequency transformer, so that dangerous power supply voltages are carried on a plurality of points of the circuit, and care is taken to insulate the circuit, and electric shock is prevented when the circuit is installed or checked.
The intelligent lighting switch system of the road lamp skillfully utilizes the timing function of the counter and the photosensitive characteristic of the photoelectric tube, realizes the timing switch of the road lamp for 1-8 hours, can randomly adjust the timing time according to different seasons, can randomly adjust the judgment of light rays, and is an intelligent lighting control system with high cost performance.
Claims (3)
1. The intelligent street lamp lighting control system based on timing and light sensitivity comprises a counting timer circuit, a shutdown oscillator circuit, a light sensitivity circuit, a timer reset circuit, a relay circuit, a lighting switch circuit and a low-voltage power supply circuit; the counting timer circuit consists of an integrated circuit CD4060 and peripheral elements, the cathodes of a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2 are connected, the anode of the capacitor C1 is connected with the 9 pins of the CD4060, the anode of the capacitor C2 is connected with the lower end of a potentiometer P1, the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are electrolytic capacitors, the two electrolytic capacitors are connected in series in opposite directions and are equivalent to a nonpolar large-capacity capacitor, the timing can be realized for a longer time, the timing starts at night when the CD4060 is started, the low level is output by the 2 pins in the timing period, the triode T4 of the relay circuit is controlled to be conducted, meanwhile, the photoelectric tube T3 is disconnected due to dark night, the collector of the T3 presents a high level, the triode T5 of the relay circuit is saturated to be conducted, the triode T2 of the timer reset circuit is conducted, the 12 pins of the CD4060 presents a low level, the CD4060 is timed, the oscillation is kept effective, and finally the relay J is sucked, and the lighting switch circuit is lighted; after the illumination time reaches the expected clock point, the CD4060 is finished at fixed time, the 2-pin output of the CD4060 is high level, the triode T4 is cut off, the relay J is disconnected, and the street lamp is extinguished; the base electrode of the triode T1 is connected with the 2 pin of the CD4060 through a resistor R1, the collector electrode of the triode T1 is connected with the 11 pin of the CD4060, the emitter electrode of the triode T1 is connected with a working place, the triode T1 is an NPN triode, the model BC547B and the 2 pin high level of the CD4060 simultaneously control the triode T1 of the shutdown oscillator circuit to be conducted, the 11 pin of the CD4060 is in a low level, the timer circuit stops oscillating, and the street lamp can not be lightened by a tonight timer; after the sun-light, the photoelectric tube T3 is conducted by light, the triode T2 is cut off, the 12 feet of the timer CD4060 presents high level, the timer is reset, the 2 feet output of the timer CD4060 is cleared, and the timer presents low level; the lighting control system waits for the night curtain to come again, the 12 feet of the CD4060 are enabled to be in low level again, and the counter starts at a fixed time again; the low-voltage power supply circuit is characterized in that a capacitor step-down type principle is adopted to achieve acquisition of a low-voltage power supply, the capacitor C5, the resistor R5, the diodes D1-D4, the electrolytic capacitor C4 and the voltage stabilizing diode D5 form the low-voltage power supply circuit, the capacity of the capacitor C 5 is selected and calculated according to an empirical formula, and 100mA current is output according to 1uF, and the capacity of the capacitor C5 is calculated.
2. The timing, photosensitive based intelligent street lamp lighting control system of claim 1, wherein: the emitter of the photoelectric tube T3 is connected with the working ground, the collector of the photoelectric tube T3 is connected with the output end of the low-voltage power supply circuit through a resistor R7, and the collector of the photoelectric tube T3 is simultaneously connected with the base of the triode T2 of the timer reset circuit and the base of the triode T5 of the relay circuit.
3. The timing, photosensitive based intelligent street lamp lighting control system of claim 1, wherein: and the collector of the triode T2 of the timer reset circuit is connected with the 12 pin of the CD4060, and the emitter of the triode T2 is connected with the working place.
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| CN110708800A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-17 | 福建大晶光电有限公司 | Intelligent control system of LED street lamp |
| CN111315091B (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2023-08-01 | 山西工程技术学院 | Cell lighting control system based on light sensitivity and timing |
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| JP2000311789A (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-11-07 | Yazaki Corp | Auto light control system |
| KR20150123351A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2015-11-04 | 주식회사 아토텍 | power factor control circuit for dimming system of a street lamp |
| CN104219847B (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-09-07 | 宁波江东波莫纳电子科技有限公司 | Indoor automatic lighting circuit |
| US10337676B2 (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2019-07-02 | Jiaxing Super Lighting Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. | LED tube lamp |
| CN106954317B (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-05-04 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of solar lighting intelligent control circuit |
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