CN109742741B - Relay protection data synchronization method for active power distribution network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a relay protection data synchronization method for an active power distribution network, which is characterized in that fault time is respectively extracted according to fault characteristics of two sides of a protected line, then zero crossing time before the fault time is obtained, the zero crossing time is taken as a reference, data on one side is taken as a reference, data on the other side are synchronously corrected by utilizing an interpolation method, and finally data alignment of the two sides is realized. In order to ensure the reliability of fault detection, the invention requires that continuous 3 sampling points all have mutation to consider that the fault occurs. The invention does not depend on an external clock, does not need to add extra equipment, and is not influenced by factors such as fault detection delay, sampling delay, inconsistent channel delay and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of relay protection of power systems, and particularly relates to a relay protection data synchronization technology for an active power distribution network.
Background
Due to the access of a large number of distributed power supplies, the power distribution network presents the characteristics of multi-source, weak feed, bidirectional flow of power flow and fault current and the like, the sensitivity and the selectivity of the traditional three-section type current protection face challenges, and therefore the current differential protection principle with absolute selectivity and high sensitivity is introduced into the active power distribution network. However, the current differential protection utilizes synchronous current data on two sides of a line to form a differential criterion, the requirement on the synchronism of the current data is extremely high, and a tiny synchronous error can seriously affect the performance of the current differential protection and even cause serious consequences of operation rejection or misoperation. Therefore, data synchronization is a key technology which needs to be solved urgently when the current differential protection is applied to an active power distribution network.
At present, current differential protection is widely applied to high-voltage transmission lines, the data synchronization technology in the high-voltage transmission network is very mature, and the commonly used data synchronization technology comprises 3 types, namely a synchronization method based on a data channel, a synchronization method based on a reference vector, a synchronization method based on a GPS (global positioning system) and the like. However, the mature data synchronization method in the high-voltage transmission network cannot be directly applied to the active distribution network for the following reasons: firstly, because the network structure of the active power distribution network is complex and the number of nodes is large, in order to reduce the cost, a special relay protection channel is not generally erected, but a communication mode of multiplexing a data acquisition channel and a monitoring channel is selected, and the receiving and sending delays are inconsistent, so that a synchronization method based on a data channel has a large error in principle; secondly, accurate line parameters need to be obtained in advance by a reference vector-based synchronization method, but the line in the active power distribution network is multi-branched and multi-segmented, the network topology is variable, and the accurate line parameters are difficult to obtain, so that the use of the method is influenced; finally, although the synchronization method based on the GPS is high in synchronization accuracy and simple and convenient to apply, the synchronization method heavily depends on external clock equipment, and is generally not allowed to be used as a unique synchronization method for relay protection.
In addition to the mature synchronization techniques in the transmission network, researchers have proposed a self-synchronization method specifically for the distribution network. The method realizes data synchronization by taking the fault occurrence time as a reference, although the method does not depend on external clock equipment, and can tolerate the influences of factors such as channel switching, sampling delay variation and the like to a certain extent, the existing fault detection algorithm is influenced by different fault signal propagation distances and propagation delays when the fault occurrence time is determined, errors exist between the determined fault time and the actual fault time, the data synchronization precision of the method is seriously influenced, large data synchronization errors exist under extreme conditions, and especially when an inversion distributed power supply is connected into an active power distribution network, the synchronization errors of the method even exceed the maximum allowable margin of current differential protection. Therefore, when the synchronization method is applied to an active power distribution network, the performance of current differential protection is difficult to guarantee.
In summary, the synchronization accuracy of the conventional data synchronization method is limited by factors such as clock states, communication channels, power distribution network structures and fault detection delay, and cannot meet the requirements of current differential protection of the active power distribution network, so that a data synchronization method which can get rid of clock dependence and channel constraints and is not affected by a fault detection algorithm is urgently needed to be researched to ensure the current differential protection performance applied to the active power distribution network.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the data synchronization method when differential protection is applied to an active power distribution network, the invention provides a relay protection data synchronization method for the active power distribution network. According to the method, firstly, fault time is respectively extracted according to fault characteristics of two sides of a protected line, then, the zero crossing time immediately before the fault time is obtained, the zero crossing time is taken as a reference, data on one side is taken as a reference, data on the other side are corrected by utilizing an interpolation method, and finally, data alignment of the two sides is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a relay protection data synchronization method for an active power distribution network comprises the following steps:
(1) the relay protection devices on two sides of the protected line collect and obtain current sampling value sequences in real time, and the current sampling value sequences on the current side and the opposite side are respectivelyi 1(n) Andi 2(n)，ntaking positive integers for sampling point labels;
(2) using sequences of current samplesi 1(n) Andi 2(n) And (3) carrying out fault starting judgment, and if the protection devices on the two sides detect faults, entering the step (3), wherein the specific fault starting judgment method comprises the following steps: local side current sampling value sequencei 1(n) The middle continuous 3 sampling values satisfy the formula (1), and the opposite side current sampling value sequencei 2(n) If the continuous 3 sampling values satisfy the formula (2), the line is considered to have a fault,
||i 1(k)－i 1(k－S)|－|i 1(k－S)－i 1(k－2S)||≥I set1(1)
||i 2(k)－i 2(k－S)|－|i 2(k－S)－i 2(k－2S)||≥I set2(2)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,i 1(k)、i 1(k－S) Andi 1(k－2S) Respectively, the reference number in the current sampling value sequence of the current at the side isk、(k－S) And (a)k－2S) The value of the current sample of (a),Ssampling points for each cycle;i 2(k)、i 2(k－S) Andi 2(k－2S) Respectively for winning the bid in the sequence of sampling values of the current at the opposite sideNumber isk、(k－S) And (a)k－2S) The current sampling value of (2);I set1andI set2starting a criterion current setting value for two sides;
(3) respectively extracting fault moments at two sides of a protected line, and respectively assigning sampling point labels corresponding to the fault moments to temporary variablesk 1Andk 2the fault moment is the moment corresponding to the 1 st sampling value in the continuous 3 sampling values meeting the fault starting condition in the step (2), namely the moment corresponding to the earliest sampling value in the continuous 3 sampling values;
(4) current sampling value sequence on this sidei 1(n) In finding sampling pointk 1The 1 st zero-crossing point moment before and this moment is recorded ast 1If, ift 1Exactly having sampling point at the moment, assigning the sampling point label ton 1If, ift 1If there is no sampling point at the moment, the label of the adjacent sampling point before the moment is assigned ton 1，n 1The sampling point label corresponding to the zero-crossing point time of the side is called, and the sampling point label corresponding to the determined fault time in the step (3) isk 1Thus sampling pointk 1The previous current is the current before the fault of the current side;
(5) on the opposite side of the current sampling value sequencei 2(n) In finding sampling pointk 2The 1 st zero-crossing point moment before and this moment is recorded ast 2If, ift 2Exactly having sampling point at the moment, assigning the sampling point label ton 2If, ift 2If there is no sampling point at the moment, the label of the adjacent sampling point before the moment is assigned ton 2，n 2The sampling point label corresponding to the opposite side zero crossing point time is called, and the sampling point label corresponding to the determined fault time in the step (3) isk 2Thus sampling pointk 2The previous current is the opposite side current before the fault;
(6) if it ist 1Corresponding zero crossing point andt 2if the corresponding zero crossing point directions are opposite, entering the step (7); if it ist 1Corresponding zero crossing point andt 2if the corresponding zero-crossing points are in the same direction, the assigned values in step (3) are modifiedk 2Let us orderk 2=n 2Then returning to the step (5) according to the modifiedk 2Determining what is newn 2Executing the step (6) again until entering the step (7); in this step, if one wants to knowt 1Corresponding zero crossing point andt 2whether the corresponding zero crossing point directions are the same or not needs to be obtained firstlyt 1Andt 2corresponding zero crossing direction: if it ist 1Ort 2The former sampling value is positive and the latter sampling value is negative at the momentt 1Ort 2The zero crossing point direction corresponding to the moment is a positive direction; if it ist 1Ort 2The former sampling value of the moment is negative, and the latter sampling value is positive, thent 1Ort 2The direction of a zero crossing point corresponding to the moment is reverse; further, it can be knownt 1Andt 2whether the corresponding zero-crossing directions are the same: if it ist 1The zero-crossing point corresponding to the moment is a forward/backward zero-crossing point, andt 2the zero crossing point corresponding to the moment is the reverse/forward zero crossing point, thent 1Zero crossing point corresponding to timet 2The zero crossing points corresponding to the moments are opposite in direction; if not, then,t 1zero crossing point corresponding to timet 2The zero crossing points corresponding to the moments are in the same direction;
(7) at two sides of zero crossing point timet 1Andt 2taking the current sampling value sequences on two sides as a reference, and synchronously correcting the current sampling value sequences on two sides, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
（a) Firstly, the data sampling time difference between two sides is calculated according to the formula (3)t d ：
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,i 1(n 1) Andi 1(n 1+1) are respectively the current sampling value sequences of the current side with the reference numbersn 1And (a)n 1+1) current sample value;i 2(n 2) Andi 2(n 2+1) are respectively the opposite side current sampling value sequences with the reference numbern 2And (a)n 2+1) current sample value; non-viable cellst d |<T s ，T s In order to be the sampling interval of the sample,
（b) Then, with the zero-crossing point timet 1Andt 2as a reference, the sampling point on the local side is calculated by using the formula (4)n 1Sampling value of opposite side current corresponding to same time
，
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,i 2(n 2-1) is the sequence of samples of the contralateral current with the reference number (n 2-1) current sample values;
by analogy, the sum can be obtainedi 1(n) Synchronized sequence of samples of the opposite side current
。
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) the zero crossing point time before the fault is synchronized, so that the fault detection method is not influenced by a fault detection algorithm and fault detection delay;
(2) because the amplitude of the current near the zero crossing point before the fault is small and the sinusoidal current signal is close to linearity near the zero crossing point, the zero crossing point time can be accurately determined through linear interpolation even if the sampling frequency is low; in addition, the method is not influenced by factors such as channel delay, sampling delay change and the like, does not require consistent communication transceiving delay, can be used for multiplexing a communication network, does not depend on an external clock or network time synchronization, does not need to increase extra investment, and can better adapt to basic communication conditions of the active power distribution network.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an application scenario of relay protection of an active power distribution network;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an implementation of the data synchronization method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the data synchronization method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the scope of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the Line1 in fig. 1 is a protected Line. As shown in fig. 2, a relay protection data synchronization method for an active power distribution network includes the following steps:
(1) the relay protection devices M and N on two sides of the Line1 to be protected acquire and obtain current sampling value sequences in real time, wherein the current sampling value sequences on the M side and the N side are respectivelyi 1(n) Andi 2(n)，nfor sampling point labels, taking positive integers, the current waveforms are as shown in FIG. 3 respectively
And
as shown. In this embodiment, the M side is assumed to be the own side and the N side is assumed to be the opposite side. In a certain fixed sampling time period, the current sampling value acquired by the M-side relay protection device isi 1(n) Current sample values numbered 3167 through 3174; correspondingly, the current sampling value collected by the N-side relay protection device isi 2(n) The current samples of which the middle is 3169 to 3176 correspond to the current samples of the two sides one by one, for exampleShown in table 1.
The M-side and N-side protection devices independently sample at equal intervals, and do not require strict synchronization of the sampling process, but should use a higher sampling frequency to ensure data synchronization accuracy, and the sampling frequency used in this embodiment is 4000 Hz.
(2) Using sequences of current samplesi 1(n) Andi 2(n) And judging the fault starting. The invention judges the fault starting according to the sudden change of the sampling value, the criterion is shown in the formulas (5) and (6),
||i 1(k)－i 1(k－S)|－|i 1(k－S)－i 1(k－2S)||≥I set1(5)
||i 2(k)－i 2(k－S)|－|i 2(k－S)－i 2(k－2S)||≥I set2(6)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,i 1(k)、i 1(k－S) Andi 1(k－2S) Respectively, the reference number in the M side current sampling value sequence isk、(k－S) And (a)k－2S) The value of the current sample of (a),Sthe number of sampling points per cycle, in this embodimentS=80；i 2(k)、i 2(k－S) Andi 2(k－2S) The reference numbers in the sampling value sequences of the current of the N sides are respectivelyk、(k－S) And (a)k－2S) The current sampling value of (2);I set1andI set2for starting the criterion current setting values on both sides, in this embodiment,I set1=I set2=0.3I N ，I N the current transformer is the secondary rated current.
In order to ensure the reliability and fault tolerance of the protection device, the invention detects 3 continuous sampling values: if it isi 1(n) In the middle of has continuityThe 3 sampling values satisfy the formula (5),i 2(n) If 3 continuous sampling values satisfy the formula (6), the fault is considered to be started, and the step (3) is carried out. The continuous 3 sampling values mean that,kand taking the corresponding sampling value when any continuous 3 sampling points are marked.
(3) Respectively extracting fault moments at two sides of a protected line, and respectively assigning sampling point labels corresponding to the fault moments to temporary variablesk 1Andk 2。
sequence of current samples on the M sidei 1(n) In the method, the time corresponding to the 1 st sampling value in the continuous 3 sampling values meeting the formula (5) is the M side, namely the fault time of the side, and the sampling point label is assigned to the sampling point labelk 1(ii) a Sequence of current samples on the N-sidei 2(n) In the method, the time corresponding to the 1 st sampling value in the continuous 3 sampling values meeting the formula (6) is N side, namely the opposite side fault time, and the sampling point is assigned with the labelk 2. The time corresponding to the 1 st sampling value refers to the time corresponding to the earliest sampling value in the continuous 3 sampling values.
(4) Sequence of current samples on the M sidei 1(n) In finding sampling pointk 1The 1 st zero-crossing point moment before and this moment is recorded ast 1If, ift 1Exactly having sampling point at the moment, assigning the sampling point label ton 1(ii) a If it ist 1If there is no sampling point at the moment, the label of the adjacent sampling point before the moment is assigned ton 1. In fig. 3, the sampling points corresponding to the M-side failure time are labeledk 1Sampling pointk 1The previous current is the current before the fault of the current side, so the sampling pointk 1Previous 1 st zero crossing timet 1Namely the current zero crossing time before the fault of the current side. In the present embodiment, it is preferred that,n 1=3167。
(5) sequence of current samples on the N-sidei 2(n) In finding sampling pointk 2The 1 st zero-crossing point moment before and this moment is recorded ast 2If, ift 2Exactly having sampling point at the moment, assigning the sampling point label ton 2(ii) a If it ist 2If there is no sampling point at the moment, the label of the adjacent sampling point before the moment is assigned ton 2. In fig. 3, the sampling points corresponding to the N-side failure times are labeledk 2Sampling pointk 2The preceding current is the opposite side of the current before fault, so the sampling pointk 2Previous 1 st zero crossing timet 2That is the time of the current zero crossing before the opposite side fault. In the present embodiment, it is preferred that,n 2=3169。
(6) if it ist 1Corresponding zero crossing point andt 2if the corresponding zero crossing point directions are opposite, entering the step (7); if it ist 1Corresponding zero crossing point andt 2if the corresponding zero-crossing points are in the same direction, the assigned values in step (3) are modifiedk 2Let us orderk 2=n 2Then returning to the step (5) according to the modifiedk 2Determining what is newn 2And (5) executing the step (6) again until the step (7) is entered.
t 1Ort 2And judging the zero crossing point direction corresponding to the moment according to the signs of sampling values immediately before and after the zero crossing point moment. If it ist 1Ort 2The former sampling value of the moment is positive, and the latter sampling value is negative, thent 1Ort 2The zero crossing point direction corresponding to the moment is a positive direction; if it ist 1Ort 2The former sampling value of the moment is negative, and the latter sampling value is positive, thent 1Ort 2The direction of a zero crossing point corresponding to the moment is reverse; further, ift 1The zero-crossing point corresponding to the moment is a forward/backward zero-crossing point, andt 2the zero crossing point corresponding to the moment is the reverse/forward zero crossing point, thent 1Corresponding zero crossing point andt 2the corresponding zero crossing points are opposite in direction; if not, then,t 1corresponding zero crossing point andt 2the corresponding zero crossing points are in the same direction.
In the bookIn the embodiment, in the method for preparing the composite material,t 1the zero-crossing point corresponding to the moment is a positive zero-crossing point,t 2the zero crossing point corresponding to the moment is a reverse zero crossing point.
(7) At two sides of zero crossing point timet 1Andt 2taking the current sampling value sequences on two sides as a reference, and synchronously correcting the current sampling value sequences on two sides according to the following steps:
（a) In the present embodiment, through the processing of steps (1) to (6), it is determinedn 1=3167，n 2=3169, as can be seen from the data in table 1,i 1(3167)=0.98A，i 1(3168)=-6.33A，i 2(3169)=-1.01A，i 2(3170) = 6.35A. In addition, the sampling time interval isT s =1/4000s=2.50×10-4And s. Therefore, the two-side data sampling time difference is calculated according to equation (7)t d Comprises the following steps:
（b) At zero crossing point timet 1Andt 2for reference, the M-side sampling point is calculated by using the formula (8)n 1Corresponding to the N side current sampling value at the same time
And is known from the above formula (7)t d <0 and, therefore,
obtained after the calculation of the formula (8)
Is namely ANDi 1(3167) The synchronized data.
By analogy, the M side can be obtainedi 1(n) Synchronous N-side current sampling value sequence
。
In this embodiment, thei 1(n) With synchronous sampled values of the 3167 to 3174 th current
The current sample values in (1) are shown in table 1. Due to the fact that
Is required to usei 2(3176) Andi 2(3177) these 2 samples, while the current time has not yet been acquiredi 2(3177) So that it is impossible to calculate
The numerical values of (A) are indicated by "-" in Table 1.
Claims (1)
1. A relay protection data synchronization method for an active power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the relay protection devices on two sides of the protected line collect and obtain current sampling value sequences in real time, and the current sampling value sequences on the current side and the opposite side are respectivelyi 1(n) Andi 2(n)，ntaking positive integers for sampling point labels;
(2) using sequences of current samplesi 1(n) Andi 2(n) And (3) carrying out fault starting judgment, and if the protection devices on the two sides detect faults, entering the step (3), wherein the specific fault starting judgment method comprises the following steps: local side current sampling value sequencei 1(n) The middle continuous 3 sampling values satisfy the formula (1), and the opposite side current sampling value sequencei 2(n) If the continuous 3 sampling values satisfy the formula (2), the line is considered to have a fault,
||i 1(k)－i 1(k－S)|－|i 1(k－S)－i 1(k－2S)||≥I set1(1)
||i 2(k)－i 2(k－S)|－|i 2(k－S)－i 2(k－2S)||≥I set2(2)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,i 1(k)、i 1(k－S) Andi 1(k－2S) Respectively, the reference number in the current sampling value sequence of the current at the side isk、(k－S) And (a)k－2S) The value of the current sample of (a),Ssampling points for each cycle;i 2(k)、i 2(k－S) Andi 2(k－2S) Respectively are the opposite side current sampling value sequences with the reference numberk、(k－S) And (a)k－2S) The current sampling value of (2);I set1andI set2starting a criterion current setting value for two sides;
(3) respectively extracting fault moments at two sides of a protected line, and respectively assigning sampling point labels corresponding to the fault moments to temporary variablesk 1Andk 2the fault moment is the moment corresponding to the 1 st sampling value in the continuous 3 sampling values meeting the fault starting condition in the step (2), namely the moment corresponding to the earliest sampling value in the continuous 3 sampling values;
(4) current sampling value sequence on this sidei 1(n) In finding sampling pointk 1The 1 st zero-crossing point moment before and this moment is recorded ast 1If, ift 1Exactly having sampling point at the moment, assigning the sampling point label ton 1If, ift 1If there is no sampling point at the moment, the label of the adjacent sampling point before the moment is assigned ton 1，n 1Sampling point corresponding to local zero crossing point momentThe sampling points corresponding to the determined fault moments in the step (3) are labeledk 1Thus sampling pointk 1The previous current is the current before the fault of the current side;
(5) on the opposite side of the current sampling value sequencei 2(n) In finding sampling pointk 2The 1 st zero-crossing point moment before and this moment is recorded ast 2If, ift 2Exactly having sampling point at the moment, assigning the sampling point label ton 2If, ift 2If there is no sampling point at the moment, the label of the adjacent sampling point before the moment is assigned ton 2，n 2The sampling point label corresponding to the opposite side zero crossing point time is called, and the sampling point label corresponding to the determined fault time in the step (3) isk 2Thus sampling pointk 2The previous current is the opposite side current before the fault;
(6) if it ist 1Corresponding zero crossing point andt 2if the corresponding zero crossing point directions are opposite, entering the step (7); if it ist 1Corresponding zero crossing point andt 2if the corresponding zero-crossing points are in the same direction, the assigned values in step (3) are modifiedk 2Let us orderk 2=n 2Then returning to the step (5) according to the modifiedk 2Determining what is newn 2Executing the step (6) again until entering the step (7); in this step, if one wants to knowt 1Corresponding zero crossing point andt 2whether the corresponding zero crossing point directions are the same or not needs to be obtained firstlyt 1Andt 2corresponding zero crossing direction: if it ist 1Ort 2The former sampling value is positive and the latter sampling value is negative at the momentt 1Ort 2The zero crossing point direction corresponding to the moment is a positive direction; if it ist 1Ort 2The former sampling value of the moment is negative, and the latter sampling value is positive, thent 1Ort 2The direction of a zero crossing point corresponding to the moment is reverse; further, it can be knownt 1Andt 2whether the corresponding zero-crossing directions are the same: if it ist 1The zero-crossing point corresponding to the moment is a forward/backward zero-crossing point, andt 2the zero crossing point corresponding to the moment is the reverse/forward zero crossing point, thent 1Zero crossing point corresponding to timet 2The zero crossing points corresponding to the moments are opposite in direction; if not, then,t 1zero crossing point corresponding to timet 2The zero crossing points corresponding to the moments are in the same direction;
(7) at two sides of zero crossing point timet 1Andt 2taking the current sampling value sequences on two sides as a reference, and synchronously correcting the current sampling value sequences on two sides, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
（a) Firstly, the data sampling time difference between two sides is calculated according to the formula (3)t d ：
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,i 1(n 1) Andi 1(n 1+1) are respectively the current sampling value sequences of the current side with the reference numbersn 1And (a)n 1+1) current sample value;i 2(n 2) Andi 2(n 2+1) are respectively the opposite side current sampling value sequences with the reference numbern 2And (a)n 2+1) current sample value; non-viable cellst d |<T s ，T s In order to be the sampling interval of the sample,
（b) Then, with the zero-crossing point timet 1Andt 2as a reference, the sampling point on the local side is calculated by using the formula (4)n 1Sampling value of opposite side current corresponding to same time
，
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,i 2(n 2-1) is the sequence of samples of the contralateral current with the reference number (n 2-1) current sample values;
by analogy, the sum can be obtainedi 1(n) Synchronized sequence of samples of the opposite side current
。
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Application publication date: 20190510 Assignee: INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LAB Co.,Ltd. Assignor: University of Jinan Contract record no.: X2021980004140 Denomination of invention: A relay protection data synchronization method for active distribution network Granted publication date: 20200421 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20210531 |