CN109739215B - Method for realizing fault initial angle control and automatic traversal in PSCAD - Google Patents
Method for realizing fault initial angle control and automatic traversal in PSCAD Download PDFInfo
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- CN109739215B CN109739215B CN201910051497.2A CN201910051497A CN109739215B CN 109739215 B CN109739215 B CN 109739215B CN 201910051497 A CN201910051497 A CN 201910051497A CN 109739215 B CN109739215 B CN 109739215B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing fault initial angle control and automatic traversal in PSCAD (power system computer aided design), belonging to the field of power system fault simulation. The invention calculates the expected failure start angle gamma at a given frequencyfCorresponding toTime interval deltatAnd detecting a zero crossing point timet cr The method achieves the purpose of triggering the fault at the absolute moment corresponding to the fault initial angle gamma, and realizes the accurate control of the fault initial angle in the fault simulation. The invention also realizes automatic traversal and batch simulation of the fault initial angle in the PSCAD by setting the change range and the change step length of the fault initial angle and utilizing multiple operation elements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power system fault simulation, and particularly relates to a method for realizing fault initial angle control and automatic traversal in PSCAD.
Background
In relay protection research, influences of different fault starting angles on an algorithm are required to be considered. The fault starting angle refers to an angle from a negative zero crossing point to a positive zero crossing point, which is the closest before, when the power system has a fault. By researching the fault characteristics under different fault starting angles, the influence degree of the fault starting angle on the relay protection algorithm can be determined, and a new protection criterion which is not influenced by the fault starting angle is expected to be formed on the basis, so that the overall relay protection level is further improved.
At present, the influence of a fault starting angle on a relay protection algorithm needs to be researched on the following occasions:
(1) and (4) traveling wave protection. When the initial fault angle is close to 0 degree, the fault occurs, the traveling wave signal is weak, and the traveling wave protection cannot work reliably. Therefore, the performance of traveling wave protection must be studied by experiments setting the failure onset angle close to 0 °.
(2) And single-phase grounding line selection of the low-current grounding system. Different fault starting angles have great influence on the transient zero sequence current amplitude when the single-phase earth fault of the small current earth system occurs, and the accuracy and the sensitivity of an earth route selection algorithm using the transient zero sequence current amplitude are influenced. Therefore, the fault line selection algorithm needs to be experimentally verified by setting different fault starting angles.
(3) The current transformer is saturated. The non-periodic component in the fault current is a direct factor causing the current transformer to be saturated, and the content of the non-periodic component is closely related to the fault starting angle, so that the saturation characteristic of the current transformer can be indirectly researched by setting different fault starting angles in experiments.
(4) And (4) the excitation surge current of the air-drop transformer. The air-drop transformer can generate excitation inrush current with huge amplitude, and the measure for effectively inhibiting the excitation inrush current is phase selection switching-on, namely switching-on at a given angle of voltage, and an experimental model with controllable switching-on angle must be established when the performance of a phase selection switching-on algorithm is verified. The angle control of the phase selection and closing of the air-drop transformer is completely consistent with the method of the fault initial angle control.
Therefore, the fault starting angle is a common basic problem related to a plurality of relay protection algorithms, and a simple and effective fault starting angle control method needs to be researched for efficient experimental research.
At present, the experimental research means for the fault initial angle mainly comprises dynamic simulation experiment and digital simulation. Although the dynamic simulation experiment can simulate physical equipment more truly, the equipment is expensive, the parameter setting is inconvenient, and particularly, the fault starting angle is difficult to control accurately.
In contrast, the digital simulation has obvious advantages. The PSCAD is used as a professional digital simulation software, and is widely used for the research of the field of fault simulation of the power system. However, when the simulation research is performed on the failure initial angle in the PSCAD, the following problems still exist, which seriously affect the simulation precision and efficiency:
(1) when a fault starting angle simulation study is carried out, after a parameter item of fault occurrence time in a fault control element is set, a fault is triggered under a random fault starting angle, a required fault starting angle value cannot be directly and accurately set, and the experimental method has larger fault starting angle simulation errors.
(2) When the fault characteristics under different fault initial angles are researched and large-scale simulation is required, a mode of manually changing parameters is usually adopted, namely, a parameter item of fault occurrence time in a fault control element is manually modified every time, and the experimental method is extremely low in efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a method for realizing the control and automatic traversal of a fault starting angle in PSCAD. The invention calculates the expected failure initial angleTime interval Deltat corresponding to gamma at given frequency f and time t of detecting zero crossing pointcrThe purpose of triggering the fault at the absolute moment corresponding to the fault initial angle gamma is achieved. The invention also realizes automatic traversal and batch simulation of the fault initial angle in the PSCAD by setting the change range and the change step length of the fault initial angle and utilizing multiple operation elements.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the method for realizing the control and automatic traversal of the fault starting angle in the PSCAD comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, a time interval corresponding to gamma under a given frequency f is calculated according to a preset expected failure initial angle gamma, and when the unit of gamma is an angle, the calculation method is that delta T is gamma x (T/360 DEG), gamma x [1/(360 DEG x f)]The unit of Δ T is s, where T is the period, and T is 1/f, when f is 50Hz, that is, Δ T is γ x (0.02/360 °) in the case of the rated frequency, γ and (T/360 °) are respectively connected to 2 input terminals of the multiplier, and the output value of the multiplier is Δ T. When the preset expected failure initial angle gamma is not a single value but a preset determined range, the automatic traversal is realized by using a Multiple running element 'Multiple Run' of the PSCAD, and the specific realization step is that the preset failure initial angle gamma is used for the preset failure initial angle gammaautoE [ α, β), α, β e [0 °,360 °), and α<Beta, and the fault starting angle increment per run
N is a positive integer, a, B and
the following parameters are set for the "multiple operating elements" in each case: variable Start value "Start of Range for Variable 1", Variable End value "End of Range for Variable 1" and step size "Increment for Each Run". Starting PSCAD running simulation, namely realizing the step length of the fault initial angle
Automatic traversal from alpha to beta andand (4) carrying out batch simulation, and saving simulation data of each time in a separate output file.
(2) The A phase voltage collected in real time is continuously signal u in timeA(t) denotes, first, uA(t) shaping into a square-wave signal v by means of a Schmitt triggerA(t), the element implementing the schmitt trigger function in the PSCAD is a "Single Input Level Comparator", the Threshold parameter term "Threshold Input Value" of the element is set to 0, the output is 0 when the Input of the element is lower than the Threshold 0, and the output is 1 when the Input of the element is higher than the Threshold 0, so as to implement the Input of the sinusoidal signal uA(t) shaping into a square-wave signal vAAnd (t) outputting. Then, the square wave signal v is latched by using a D flip-flopA(t) the rising edge of the PSCAD realizes that the element of the D Trigger function is ' Flip-Flop ', the parameter item ' Flip-Flop Type ' of the element is set to ' D ', and the parameter item ' Active clock Trigger edge ' is set to ' Positive 0->1]", the rising edge latch function of the D flip-flop is implemented. Up to this point, a square-wave signal vA(t) outputting unit step signal w after D triggerA(t), unit step signal wAThe time when (t) changes from 0 to 1 is denoted as tcrThen t iscrWill correspond to the a-phase voltage signal uA(t) any one of (t) determines a negative to positive zero crossing.
When the failure start angle γ is set with the phase B voltage or the phase C voltage as a reference phase, only the phase u is setA(t) are replaced with B-phase voltage signals u, respectivelyB(t) or C-phase voltage signal uC(t) is the following.
(3) According to the time interval delta t corresponding to the fault initial angle gamma obtained in the step (1) and the zero crossing point time t from negative to positive of the A-phase voltage obtained in the step (2)crCalculating tfault＝tcr+△t，tfaultI.e. the absolute moment at which a fault should be applied to achieve the fault initiation angle y, t is givencrThe sum delta t is respectively connected to 2 input ends of the adder, and the output value of the adder is tfault。
(4) Will tfaultFault control element "time Fault Logic" set to PSCAD as a variable parameter "In the parameter item 'Time to Apply Fault', the PSCAD operation simulation is started, so that the Fault can be accurately triggered under the preset Fault starting angle gamma, and the accurate control of the Fault starting angle is realized.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) the fault starting angle can be accurately controlled in fault simulation. By manually inputting the numerical value of the expected failure starting angle, the failure can be accurately triggered under the failure starting angle, and the failure characteristics under different failure starting angles can be researched.
(2) By setting the variation range and the variation step length of the fault initial angle, automatic batch simulation can be realized by using multiple operation elements, simulation data under different fault initial angles are automatically recorded, and the simulation efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fault initiation angle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of implementing fault origin angle control and automatic traversal;
FIG. 3 is a control logic diagram built in PSCAD;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the output signal at each location of the control module built in PSCAD;
fig. 5 is a simulation result when the a-phase voltage is used as the reference phase and the failure start angle is set to 90 °.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Relay and protection device part 121 according to GB/T14598.121-2017 measurement: the fault starting angle gamma refers to the angle of the starting moment of the fault on the fundamental frequency sine wave from the nearest previous zero crossing point from negative to positive, as defined by the distance protection function requirement. The fault starting angle γ and the corresponding time Δ t are shown in fig. 1, in which fig. 1 also shows the fault time t used for defining the fault starting angle γfaultAnd the voltage positive zero crossing time tcrThe meaning of (a).
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention, built in PSCADThe control logic is shown in FIG. 3, and the signals UA, VA, WA, tcr, delt _ t and tfault in FIG. 3 are respectively corresponding to the voltage signal u mentioned in the descriptionA(t) Square wave signal vA(t) unit step Signal wA(t)、tcrΔ t and tfaultAnd correspondingly.
Example 1: the fault simulation method comprises the following implementation steps of setting a fault starting angle gamma to be 90 degrees at a rated 50Hz frequency, wherein the fault starting angle gamma is set by taking an A-phase voltage as a reference phase.
(1) Since the set failure start angle γ is 90 °, in block 3 of fig. 3 the value of the "failure start angle control slider gama" is set to 90 and the single failure start angle control mode is used, i.e. the "multiple run element" function is switched off, by means of the dual input selector control end 1. At this time, the input end of the multiplier in the module 3 in fig. 3 is a value 90 and a value (0.02/360), where 0.02 is the time corresponding to the next period of the rated 50Hz frequency, and the output value of the multiplier is delt _ t × (0.02/360) × (0.005), and the unit is s.
(2) An a-phase voltage signal UA acquired in real time is shaped into a square wave signal VA by an element "Single Input Level Comparator" in a module 2 in fig. 3, waveforms of UA and VA are shown in fig. 4a) and fig. 4b), and it can be seen that VA output is high Level in a time interval when an instantaneous value of UA is positive; in the time interval when the UA instantaneous value is negative, the VA output is low. Meanwhile, an a-phase voltage signal UA is connected to an input terminal of a "Zero Detector" element, which functions to detect a Zero-crossing point of the input signal UA and output a positive pulse at the Zero-crossing point from negative to positive.
In this embodiment, assuming that the fault is required to be triggered at a Time after 0.295s when the fault start angle γ is first satisfied, which is 90 °, the parameter item "On Time Delay" in the "Delay" element of the module 2 of fig. 3 is set to 0.295 s. The square wave signal VA, "Delay" element output signal and "Zero Detector" element output signal in the module 2 of fig. 3 are processed by an and gate and a D flip-flop to form a unit step signal WA, and the waveform of WA is as shown in fig. 4 c). The time point when the unit step signal WA changes from 0 to 1, i.e. the rising edge, corresponds to the first zero crossing from negative to positive of the a-phase voltage signal UA after 0.295s, and this time point is denoted as tcr.
To obtain the specific value of tcr, the rising edge of the unit step signal WA is used to latch the value of the current TIME element "TIME" and the implementation logic is shown in block 1 of fig. 3. Before the unit step signal WA changes from 0 to 1, the control end of the dual-input selector in the module 1 in fig. 3 is always 0, the output signal out of the module 1 is the B-channel input value of the dual-input selector, and the B-channel input value in this embodiment corresponds to the output of the adder 1, that is, the current TIME "is added by 1.0 s. Since the simulation TIME progression during PSCAD execution is equal to the "TIME" element value, no fault is triggered when the B channel input value is taken as the output signal out of module 1. At this time, tcr is an invalid value.
The control end of the dual-input selector in the module 1 in fig. 3 is set to 1 by the rising edge of the unit step signal WA changing from 0 to 1, the output signal out of the module 1 is the input value of the a channel of the dual-input selector, that is, the current TIME ", and the" hold "end of the sample holder is triggered by the rising edge of the WA, so as to lock the current TIME corresponding to the rising edge of the WA, that is, the zero-crossing TIME tcr from negative to positive of the a-phase voltage signal UA. The output waveform of the output signal out of the module 1 is shown in fig. 4 d). In this example, tcr is detected as 0.300 s.
(3) In fig. 3, the output signal out of the block 1 and the output signal delt _ t of the block 3 are input to the adder 2 of fig. 3 and calculated to obtain a tfault signal, where in this embodiment, delt _ t is 0.005s, the waveform of the delt _ t signal is as shown in fig. 4e), and when the output signal out of the block 1 is the zero-crossing time tcr of the a-phase voltage from negative to positive is 0.300s, tfault is tcr + delt _ t is 0.300+0.005 s and 0.305 s. the output waveform of the tfault signal is shown in fig. 4 f).
(4) And setting tfault as a variable parameter into a parameter item 'Time to Apply Fault' of a Fault control element 'Timed Fault Logic' shown in fig. 3, and starting the PSCAD running simulation. Therefore, the fault can be accurately triggered when the fault initial angle gamma is 90 degrees, and the control of the fault initial angle and the fault simulation under the fault initial angle can be completed. Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of a simulation result of the present embodiment.
Example 2: in the automatic batch simulation in which the failure start angle is set to 30 ° to 60 °, the failure start angle γ is still set with the a-phase voltage as the reference phase in embodiment 2. The implementation steps are as follows:
(1) unlike the embodiment 1 in which the failure start angle is set to a single value γ of 90 °, the embodiment 2 in which the failure start angle is set to γauto∈[30°,60°]The automatic traversal step length is
I.e. the number of automatic simulations is 11. The above values are respectively set to the corresponding parameter items of the Multiple running element "Multiple Run" in the module 3 of fig. 3: the Variable Start value "Start of Range for Variable 1" is set to 30, the Variable End value "End of Range for Variable 1" is set to 60, and the step size "Increment for easy Run" is set to 3. The Multiple-Run element "Multiple Run" is then enabled by setting the dual-input selector control terminal in block 3 of fig. 3 to 0. At this point, the output signal delt _ t of the module 3 will be determined according to each different output value of the "Multiple Run" element.
(2) In step (2) of this embodiment, the parameter setting, the implementation process, and the finally obtained output signal out are all the same as those in step (2) of embodiment 1.
(3) The output signal out of the block 1 and the output signal delt _ t of the block 3 in fig. 3 are input to the adder 2 in fig. 3 to be calculated, and a tfault signal is obtained.
(4) The tfault is set as a variable parameter to a parameter item "Time to Apply Fault" of a Fault control element "Timed Fault Logic" shown in fig. 3, the PSCAD runs a simulation, the PSCAD automatically executes 11 times of Fault simulation programs, and data generated after each simulation run is individually stored in a data file with a file name sequence number and a suffix name of dat, thereby totaling 11 files.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. The method for realizing the control and automatic traversal of the fault starting angle in the PSCAD is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) firstly, a time interval corresponding to gamma under a given frequency f is calculated according to a preset expected failure initial angle gamma, and when the unit of gamma is an angle, the calculation method is that delta T is gamma x (T/360 DEG), gamma x [1/(360 DEG x f)]The unit of delta T is s, wherein T is a period, T is 1/f, when f is 50Hz, namely in the case of rated frequency, delta T is gamma x (0.02/360 DEG), delta T is obtained by gamma and (T/360 DEG) through a multiplier, when the preset expected failure starting angle gamma is not a single value but a preset determined range, automatic traversal is realized by utilizing a 'multi-operation element' of the PSCAD, and the method is realized by the specific step that the preset failure starting angle gamma is used for the preset failure starting angle gammaautoE [ α, β), α, β e [0 °,360 °), and α<Beta, and the fault starting angle increment per run
N is a given positive integer, a, beta and
the parameter items of variable initial value, termination value and step length are respectively set to 'multiple operation elements', thus realizing automatic batch simulation, and realizing fault initial angle with step length
Automatically traversing from alpha to beta, and storing each simulation data in a separate output file;
(2) the A phase voltage collected in real time is continuously signal u in timeA(t) represents a reaction product ofA(t) shaping into a square-wave signal v by means of a Schmitt triggerA(t), and mixing vA(t) processing by D flip-flop to form unit step signal wA(t), unit step signalwAThe time when (t) changes from 0 to 1 is denoted as tcrThen t iscrWill correspond to the a-phase voltage signal uA(t) any determined negative to positive zero crossing;
(3) according to the time interval delta t corresponding to the fault initial angle gamma obtained in the step (1) and the zero crossing point time t from negative to positive of the A-phase voltage obtained in the step (2)crCalculating tfault＝tcr+△t，tfaultI.e. the absolute moment, t, at which the fault should be applied to achieve the fault initiation angle yfaultFrom tcrObtaining the sum delta t through an adder;
(4) will tfaultThe variable parameter is set in a parameter item of 'fault occurrence time' of a fault control element of the PSCAD, so that the fault can be accurately triggered under the fault initial angle gamma, and the control of the fault initial angle and the fault simulation under the fault initial angle can be completed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein if the desired fault starting angle γ needs to be set with the phase B voltage or the phase C voltage as a reference phase, the u-phase voltage in step (2) is determined as the reference phaseA(t) are replaced with B-phase voltage signals u, respectivelyB(t) or C-phase voltage signal uC(t)。
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