CN109738374B - Method for predicting shelf life of gum-based chewing tobacco - Google Patents
Method for predicting shelf life of gum-based chewing tobacco Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for predicting the shelf life of gum-based chewing tobacco, which comprises the steps of selecting a reference sample, evaluating the appearance and determining key ingredients, carrying out light accelerated aging treatment and predicting the shelf life. The invention can determine the time limit of the product and effectively improve the effectiveness and the utilization rate of the gum base type chewing tobacco. The method has the characteristics of scientificity, operability, strong repeatability and the like, and is suitable for the shelf life conjecture of the gum base type chewing tobacco.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting shelf life, in particular to a method for predicting the shelf life of gum type chewing tobacco, and belongs to the field of analysis of oral smokeless tobacco products.
Background
Smokeless Tobacco products (STPs for short) refer to Tobacco products which are directly sucked through oral cavity or nasal cavity without combustion, and compared with traditional cigarettes, the Smokeless Tobacco products have less harmful components and less harm; meanwhile, the cigarette does not produce second-hand smoke, can relieve the contradiction between smoking ban and smoking in public places to a certain extent, and meets the physiological needs of smokers to a certain extent.
The gum base type smokeless Tobacco products (Tobacco chewing gum) were first developed successfully and put on the market in 2003 by the Swedish Match company (Swedish Match). The tobacco product is also called novel chewing tobacco, gum base type smokeless tobacco, tobacco chewing gum and gum base tobacco, and is a novel tobacco product which takes tobacco and/or tobacco extract as effective components, takes edible gum base as a carrier, and delivers nicotine to a human body by a chewing mode. When consumers use the product, the ingredients such as nicotine embedded in the gum base are dissolved by saliva and absorbed by human bodies through oral mucosa after chewing the product in the oral cavity. In 2016, the sale of STPs in the world is more than 120 hundred million dollars, wherein the sale of bagged mouth tobacco is increased by more than 40 percent, and the sale of chewing tobacco is increased by about 10 percent. The gum base type chewing tobacco does not generate smoke, is environment-friendly, convenient to use, safe and sanitary, and has wide market prospect.
The main ingredient formula of the gum base type chewing tobacco is edible gum base, nicotine, edible essence and spice, sugar alcohol substances and key spice for showing style characteristics. The finished gum base type chewing tobacco also includes packaging materials. The quality stability of gum base type chewing tobacco is evaluated mainly by the following steps: the change of the packaging material, the cracking and the discoloration of the contents, and the change of the key chemical components of the contents, especially whether the change can be kept to a certain extent after a certain period of time and storage under certain conditions. Whether the nicotine and the spice can keep the physical and chemical properties stable or not, particularly whether the nicotine and the spice are stored for a certain time or not, and whether the nicotine and the spice can change the quality or not when being heated and illuminated in the storage process. At present, there is no clear method for characterizing the quality stability of gum base type chewing tobacco, and there is no method for supposing the shelf life of the gum base type chewing tobacco, the shelf life of the gum base type chewing tobacco is predicted by depending on experience, and there is no scientific budgeting means, which seriously affects the use or sale of the gum base type chewing tobacco products, and also affects the quality control, research and development of the products.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for predicting the shelf life of gum base type chewing tobacco, which can determine the time limit of a product, effectively improve the effectiveness and the utilization rate of the gum base type chewing tobacco and lay a foundation for the quality stability research of the gum base type chewing tobacco.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for predicting the shelf life of gum-based chewing tobacco comprises the following steps:
step (1), selecting a reference sample
Selecting gum base type chewing tobacco with shelf life as a reference sample according to the product package, the appearance form of the content and the content of key ingredients of the content of the sample to be detected;
step (2), appearance scoring and key ingredient determination
According to the ASTM integral appearance grading standard, performing color difference grading on appearance forms of the sample to be tested and the reference sample by using a high-precision spectrocolorimeter, and determining the key component contents of the sample to be tested and the reference sample;
step (3) of photo-accelerated aging treatment
Placing a sample to be detected and a reference sample in Q-SUN Xe-3, and carrying out light accelerated aging treatment; the method comprises the following steps of (1) periodically carrying out color difference scoring on appearance forms of a sample to be detected and a reference sample through a high-precision spectrocolorimeter, and measuring key component contents of the sample to be detected and the reference sample;
step (4), shelf life prediction
And calculating and predicting the shelf life of the sample to be detected according to the appearance scores and the key component contents of the sample to be detected and the reference sample after the light accelerated aging treatment and the shelf life of the reference sample.
Further, in the step (1), the product packaging comprises box packaging and bottle packaging; the appearance of the content comprises granular shape, tablet shape and effervescent tablet.
Further, in step (1), the key ingredients include nicotine, citric acid and menthol. The detection of key components is based on the gas chromatography method for determining nicotine in YC/T246-2008 tobacco and tobacco products; GB 1886.235-2016 food additive citric acid; GB 29958 and 2013 food additive L-menthol propylene glycol carbonate.
Further, in the step (3), the photo-accelerated aging treatment conditions are as follows: continuous illumination; irradiation intensity: 1.10W/square meter @420nm light intensity monitoring point, and the window glass filter disc simulates indoor illumination; temperature setting: the blackboard monitors 35 ℃, air temperature 25 ℃, 50% RH.
The ASTM overall appearance score standard is based on the standard test method of ASTM D660-1993 (2000) evaluation of the degree of appearance paint inspection; ASTM D1729-1996(2009) Standard practice for visual assessment of color differences in opaque materials.
Further, in the step (3), the regular time is as follows: 48h, 96h, 144h, 192h and 240 h.
Further, in the step (6), predicting the shelf life of the sample to be tested is performed according to the following steps:
the overall appearance of the sample has exhibited a large change when the sample scores less than 6 points according to the ASTM overall appearance scoring standard.
When the appearance score of the reference sample is less than or equal to 6 minutes, recording the time, and if the appearance score of the sample to be detected is higher than 6 minutes in the time range, predicting that the shelf life is longer than that of the reference sample; if the sample score is equal to 6 points, predicting the shelf life to be equal to the shelf life of the reference sample; if the score is less than 6, the predicted shelf life is less than the reference shelf life.
Meanwhile, when the reduction of the key components of the sample to be detected is 30% greater than that of the reference sample, predicting that the shelf life is less than that of the reference sample; when the reduction amount of the key components of the sample to be detected is equal to the reduction amount of the key components of the reference sample, predicting that the shelf life is equal to the shelf life of the reference sample; when the reduction of the key components of the sample to be detected is less than 30% of the reduction of the key components of the reference sample, predicting that the shelf life is longer than that of the reference sample; and the appearance scoring results are prioritized. In prediction, the ASTM overall appearance score results are combined with key ingredient change results.
Further, in the step (6), when the key component reduction amount evaluation result is inconsistent with the appearance evaluation result, the color difference appearance evaluation result is prioritized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the storage environment of the product is simulated and reproduced through Q-SUN Xe-3, so that the aging of the gum base cigarette product is accelerated; the method has the advantages that the overall change of the content and the outer package of the gum base tobacco product is observed and evaluated regularly, the change condition of key components in the gum base chewing tobacco is monitored, the recommended shelf life of a sample is given by referring to the shelf lives of products of the same type, the scientificity and the repeatability are realized, the result is more objective and accurate, and the error of subjective factors caused by the traditional experience prediction is avoided.
(2) The method is simple, has strong operability, is suitable for batch research of samples, provides technical support and theoretical basis for formula development, processing and quality control of the products, and can provide objective basis for marketing of the products, so that the time limitation of the products is determined, the effectiveness and the utilization rate of the gum base type chewing tobacco are effectively improved, and the method is suitable for shelf life conjecture of the gum base type chewing tobacco.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are not indicated by manufacturers, and all are conventional products available by purchase.
Experimental apparatus:
Q-SUN Xe-3HSC xenon lamp stability acceleration test box (U.S. Q-Lab company)
UltraScan PRO desk type high precision spectrocolorimeter (HunterLab corporation, USA)
Example 1
The method for estimating the shelf life of gum base type chewing tobacco comprises the following steps:
step (1) selecting a reference sample
Selecting Ashima packages (Ashima-big box, Ashima-small box-1 and Ashima-small box-2) as samples to be detected, selecting gum base type chewing tobacco nicotine (fresh mint) and nicotine (original flavor) with nicotine content of 2mg as reference samples according to the product packages, the appearance forms and the key component contents of the samples to be detected, wherein the shelf life of the reference samples is 15 months.
Step (2), appearance scoring and key ingredient determination
According to the ASTM overall appearance scoring standard, the appearance forms of the sample to be measured and the reference sample are subjected to color difference scoring by a high-precision spectrocolorimeter, the result is shown in table 1, and the contents of key components of the sample to be measured and the reference sample are measured, and the result is shown in table 2. The key ingredient of this example was nicotine.
TABLE 1 Overall appearance score results
TABLE 2 Nicotine content determination results
Step (3), photo-aging treatment
Putting a sample to be tested and a reference sample in Q-SUN Xe-3 (an aging tester), simulating a reproduced product storage environment through the Q-SUN Xe-3, and carrying out aging treatment; and (3) regularly carrying out color difference scoring on appearance forms of the sample to be detected and the reference sample by using a high-precision spectrocolorimeter, and measuring the key component contents of the sample to be detected and the reference sample.
The photoaging treatment conditions were: continuous illumination; irradiation intensity: 1.10W/square meter @420nm light intensity monitoring point, and the window glass filter disc simulates indoor illumination; temperature setting: the blackboard monitors 35 ℃, air temperature 25 ℃, 50% RH.
The experimental procedure was as follows:
separating the sample to be measured from the reference sample, and putting the sample into Q-SUN Xe-3 for accelerated aging, wherein 5 cycles are contained in each 48 hours/Cycle, and the total time is 240 hours.
Taking out the sample to be tested and the reference sample after each Cycle is finished, giving out an integral appearance score through the chromatic aberration of a high-precision spectrocolorimeter according to an ASTM integral appearance score standard, measuring the key component content of the sample to be tested and the reference sample, then putting the sample into Q-SUN Xe-3 again for accelerated aging, and repeating the Cycle until 5 cycles are finished. The appearance score results for the entire procedure are shown in table 3 and the nicotine change results for the entire procedure are shown in table 4.
TABLE 3 Overall appearance score results
TABLE 4 Nicotine content Change results
Step (4), shelf life prediction
According to the ASTM integral appearance scoring standard, when the appearance score of the reference sample is less than or equal to 6 minutes, recording the time, and if the appearance score of the sample to be tested is higher than 6 minutes in the time range, predicting that the shelf life is longer than that of the reference sample; if the sample score is equal to 6 points, predicting the shelf life to be equal to the shelf life of the reference sample; if the score is less than 6, the predicted shelf life is less than the reference shelf life.
Meanwhile, when the reduction of the key components of the sample to be detected is 30% greater than that of the reference sample, predicting that the shelf life is less than that of the reference sample; when the reduction amount of the key components of the sample to be detected is equal to the reduction amount of the key components of the reference sample, predicting that the shelf life is equal to the shelf life of the reference sample; when the reduction of the key components of the sample to be detected is less than 30% of the reduction of the key components of the reference sample, predicting that the shelf life is longer than that of the reference sample; and the appearance scoring results are prioritized. In prediction, the overall ASTM appearance scoring result is combined with the key component change result, and when the above conclusions are contradictory, the appearance scoring result is prioritized. The appearance rating results after the light treatment are shown in table 5.
Table 5 appearance rating results after light treatment
In this embodiment, when 5 cycles are ended, the appearance scores of the samples to be measured are all 7 points and are greater than 6 points, and the reference sample is already lower than 6 points, then, in this time range, the appearance score of the samples to be measured is greater than 6 points, and the shelf life of the predicted sample is greater than that of the reference sample.
According to the experimental results of step (4), the nicotine reduction of the reference samples B13-1 and B13-2 after 240 hours was: (1.99-1.97)/1.99 x 100% = 1% and (1.98-1.96)/1.98 x 100% = 1.01%
The nicotine reduction for the Ashima-big box was: (1.97-1.95)/1.97 × 100% = 1.01%, nicotine reduction of ashima-box-1 is: (1.96-1.95)/1.96 × 100% = 0.51%, nicotine reduction of ashima-capsule-2 is: (1.96-1.95)/1.96 × 100% = 0.51%.
In this example, the prediction of the shelf life of gum-based chewing tobacco is of little reference, since the nicotine reduction is not significant. Furthermore, the shelf lives of the B1-1, B1-2 and B1-3 were predicted to be longer than 15 months by the color difference method.
As a control, in the example, the samples B1-1, B1-2 and B1-3 were normally placed, and the appearance was not significantly changed at 16 months, the appearance score was 7, and the nicotine contents of B1-1, B1-2 and B1-3 were all 1.95 mg/granule. It can be seen that the prediction method of the present embodiment is correct.
Example 2
The method for estimating the shelf life of gum base type chewing tobacco comprises the following steps:
step (1), selecting a reference sample
Selecting the lotus gum-based chewing tobacco (lotus-big box, lotus-small box) as a sample to be detected, selecting gum base type chewing tobacco Quit 2 (original) with 2mg of nicotine content according to the product package, the appearance shape of the content and the content of key ingredients of the content of the sample to be detected, and setting the shelf life of the reference sample to be 18 months.
Step (2), appearance scoring and key ingredient determination
According to the ASTM overall appearance scoring standard, the color difference scoring is carried out on the appearance forms of the sample to be measured and the reference sample by a high-precision spectrocolorimeter, the result is shown in Table 6, and the content of the key components of the sample to be measured and the reference sample is measured, and the result is shown in Table 7. The key ingredient of this example was nicotine.
TABLE 6 Overall appearance score results
TABLE 7 Nicotine content determination results
Step (3), photo-aging treatment
Putting a sample to be tested and a reference sample in Q-SUN Xe-3 (an aging tester), simulating a reproduced product storage environment through the Q-SUN Xe-3, and carrying out aging treatment; and (3) regularly carrying out color difference scoring on appearance forms of the sample to be detected and the reference sample by using a high-precision spectrocolorimeter, and measuring the key component contents of the sample to be detected and the reference sample.
The photoaging treatment conditions were: continuous illumination; irradiation intensity: 1.10W/square meter @420nm light intensity monitoring point, and the window glass filter disc simulates indoor illumination; temperature setting: the blackboard monitors 35 ℃, air temperature 25 ℃, 50% RH.
The experimental procedure was as follows:
separating the sample to be measured from the reference sample, and putting the sample into Q-SUN Xe-3 for accelerated aging, wherein 5 cycles are contained in each 48 hours/Cycle, and the total time is 240 hours.
Taking out the sample to be tested and the reference sample after each Cycle is finished, giving out an integral appearance score through the chromatic aberration of a high-precision spectrocolorimeter according to an ASTM integral appearance score standard, measuring the key component content of the sample to be tested and the reference sample, then putting the sample into Q-SUN Xe-3 again for accelerated aging, and repeating the Cycle until 5 cycles are finished. The appearance score results for the entire procedure are shown in table 8 and the nicotine change results for the entire procedure are shown in table 9.
TABLE 8 Overall appearance Scoring results
TABLE 9 Nicotine content Change results
Step (4) shelf life prediction
According to the ASTM integral appearance scoring standard, when the appearance score of the reference sample is less than or equal to 6 minutes, recording the time, and if the appearance score of the sample to be tested is higher than 6 minutes in the time range, predicting that the shelf life is longer than that of the reference sample; if the sample score is equal to 6 points, predicting the shelf life to be equal to the shelf life of the reference sample; if the score is lower than 6 points, predicting that the shelf life is less than the reference shelf life;
meanwhile, when the reduction of the key components of the sample to be detected is 30% greater than that of the reference sample, predicting that the shelf life is less than that of the reference sample; when the reduction amount of the key components of the sample to be detected is equal to the reduction amount of the key components of the reference sample, predicting that the shelf life is equal to the shelf life of the reference sample; when the reduction of the key components of the sample to be detected is less than 30% of the reduction of the key components of the reference sample, predicting that the shelf life is longer than that of the reference sample; and the appearance scoring results are prioritized.
In prediction, the overall ASTM appearance scoring result is combined with the key component change result, and when the above conclusions are contradictory, the appearance scoring result is prioritized. However, since the score of the reference sample is 8 points and is not reduced to 6 points after 5 cycles are completed, and the score of the sample to be detected is far lower than 6 points (2 points), the recommended shelf life of the external package of the lotus-nut chewable tablet given as sample 2 is as follows according to the shelf life of the reference sample:
the results of the light-treated appearance scores are shown in table 10.
Table 10 appearance rating results after light treatment
According to the experimental result of step (4), after 240 hours, the nicotine reduction amount of the reference sample is: (1.99-1.97)/1.99 × 100% = 1%.
The nicotine reduction of the lotus-big box is: (1.98-1.97)/1.98 × 100% = 0.5%, the nicotine reduction of the lotus-capsule is: (1.98-1.97)/1.98 × 100% = 0.5%.
In this example, the reduction of nicotine was not much, much less than 30%, and the shelf life was predicted from the color difference appearance score. The shelf lives of the lotus-small box and the lotus-big box are predicted to be less than 18 months.
As a control, the samples B2-1 and B2-2 were also placed normally in this example, and at 18 months, the appearance of the samples had changed significantly, the appearance score was 1, and the nicotine reduction of B1-1, B1-2 and B1-3 was still small. It can be seen that the prediction method of the present embodiment is correct.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (1)
1. A method for predicting the shelf life of gum-based chewing tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), selecting a reference sample
Selecting gum base type chewing tobacco with shelf life as a reference sample according to the product package, the appearance form of the content and the content of key ingredients of the content of the sample to be detected; the product packaging comprises box packaging and bottling; the appearance of the content comprises granular, tablet and effervescent tablet; key ingredients include nicotine, citric acid and menthol;
step (2), appearance scoring and key ingredient determination
According to the ASTM integral appearance scoring standard, carrying out color difference scoring on appearance forms of the sample to be measured and the reference sample by using a high-precision spectrocolorimeter, and measuring the key component contents of the sample to be measured and the reference sample;
step (3) of photo-accelerated aging treatment
Placing a sample to be detected and a reference sample in Q-SUN Xe-3, and carrying out light accelerated aging treatment; the method comprises the following steps of (1) periodically carrying out color difference scoring on appearance forms of a sample to be detected and a reference sample through a high-precision spectrocolorimeter, and measuring key component contents of the sample to be detected and the reference sample;
the photo-accelerated aging treatment conditions are as follows: continuous illumination; irradiation intensity: 1.10W/square meter @420nm light intensity monitoring point, and the window glass filter disc simulates indoor illumination; temperature setting: blackboard monitoring at 35 deg.C, air temperature 25 deg.C, 50% RH; the regular time is: 48h, 96h, 144h, 192h and 240 h;
step (4), shelf life prediction
Calculating and predicting the shelf life of the sample to be tested according to the appearance scores of the sample to be tested and the reference sample after the light accelerated aging treatment and the shelf life of the reference sample;
predicting the shelf life of the sample to be tested is carried out as follows:
according to the ASTM integral appearance scoring standard, when the appearance score of the reference sample is equal to 6 minutes, recording the time, and predicting that the shelf life is longer than that of the reference sample if the appearance score of the sample to be detected is higher than 6 minutes in the time range; if the sample score is equal to 6 points, predicting the shelf life to be equal to the shelf life of the reference sample; if the score is less than 6, the predicted shelf life is less than the reference shelf life.
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