CN109728416B

CN109728416B - Radiation unit and multi-frequency base station antenna

Info

Publication number: CN109728416B
Application number: CN201811641422.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王强; 陈强; 贾飞飞
Original assignee: Comba Telecom Technology Guangzhou Ltd
Current assignee: Comba Telecom Technology Guangzhou Ltd
Priority date: 2018-12-29
Filing date: 2018-12-29
Publication date: 2020-11-03
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-29
Also published as: CN109728416A

Abstract

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a radiating element and a multi-frequency base station antenna. In the embodiment of the present application, the microstrip lines 31 and 32 of the first low-frequency radiating element 10 are electromagnetically coupled and fed through the second slots 201, 202, 203, and 204, and radiate electromagnetic waves along the first oscillator arms 11, 12, 13, and 14 through the first slots 101, 102, 103, and 104. Since the height between the top of the first vibrator arms 11, 12, 13, and 14 and the first face 21 is within a predetermined range, and the first high-frequency radiating element 40 is nested above the first low-frequency radiating element 10, a compact radiating element, for example, the entire radiating element having a height of about 40 to 50 mm, can be provided in an overall structure, thereby achieving a compact design of the antenna.

Description

Radiation unit and multi-frequency base station antenna

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a radiating element and a multi-frequency base station antenna.

Background

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, mobile communication network systems are increasing, so that the present base station antenna must have a function of being compatible with multiple communication systems for communication.

The conventional base station antenna system adopts a +/-45-degree polarization combined antenna, in order to take account of ultra-bandwidth performance and multi-frequency of the antenna, a half-wave oscillator structure is mostly adopted by a radiation unit of the antenna, in order to improve the characteristics of the radiation unit, the distance between a radiation surface and a reflecting plate is 0.25 times of the wavelength of a central frequency point, and therefore the height of the radiation unit must reach 70-80 millimeters, and the miniaturization of the antenna is limited.

In summary, there is a need for a dual-polarized radiating element for providing a radiating element with a compact structure, thereby realizing a miniaturized design of an antenna.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a radiating element and a multi-frequency base station antenna, which are used for providing a radiating element with a compact structure, thereby realizing the miniaturization design of the antenna.

The embodiment of the application provides a radiation unit, which comprises a first low-frequency radiation unit and a first high-frequency radiation unit; the first low-frequency radiation unit comprises two groups of first oscillator arms with orthogonal polarization, a PCB (printed circuit board) and two microstrip lines; the first oscillator arm is arranged on the first surface of the PCB, and the height between the top of the first oscillator arm and the first surface is within a preset range; a first gap is formed between the adjacent first oscillator arms; the first surface is provided with a second gap; the second gap is positioned in the projection of the first gap on the PCB; the microstrip line is arranged on the second surface of the PCB; the microstrip line is positioned in the projection of the second gap on the PCB; the first surface and the second surface are two surfaces deviated from the PCB; the microstrip line performs electromagnetic coupling feeding through the second slot, and radiates electromagnetic waves along the first oscillator arm through the first slot; the first high-frequency radiation unit comprises two groups of second oscillator arms with orthogonal polarization, the second oscillator arms are of half-wave oscillator structures, and the first high-frequency radiation unit is fixed right above the first oscillator arms.

Optionally, the first vibrator arm is of a funnel structure, and the first surface of the PCB is fixedly connected to the bottom of the vibrator arm; the first opening of the first vibrator arm is close to the central point of the PCB; the second opening of the first vibrator arm is far away from the central point of the PCB; the top surface of the first vibrator arm is inclined downwards from the second opening to the first opening.

Optionally, the first high-frequency radiation unit is disposed above the first opening of the first vibrator arm.

Optionally, the bottom of the first high-frequency radiating unit is fixedly connected with the metal sheet through a plastic clamping seat; the metal plate with the first high-frequency radiation unit is fixed to the first opening of the first vibrator arm.

Optionally, the top of the second vibrator arm and the top of the first vibrator arm are on the same horizontal line.

The embodiment of the application provides a multi-frequency base station antenna, which comprises any one of the radiation units.

Optionally, the multi-frequency base station antenna further includes a reflection plate, and the reflection plate is fixedly connected to the PCB through an insulating connection member.

Optionally, the multi-frequency base station antenna includes a plurality of the radiation units and a plurality of second high-frequency radiation units; each second high-frequency radiation unit comprises two groups of third oscillator arms with orthogonal polarization, and the structure of each third oscillator arm is a half-wave oscillator structure; the second high-frequency radiating unit is prepared to work in a first bandwidth.

Optionally, the plurality of radiation units are arranged on the reflecting plate along a first direction; the plurality of second high-frequency radiation units are arranged on the reflecting plate along a second direction and a third direction respectively; the second direction and the third direction are respectively located on two sides of the first direction and are symmetrical based on the first direction.

Optionally, the plurality of radiation units are arranged on the reflecting plate along a fourth direction and a fifth direction; the fourth direction and the fifth direction are parallel; the plurality of second high-frequency radiation units are arranged on the reflecting plate along a sixth direction; the sixth direction is intermediate the fourth direction and the fifth direction.

Optionally, the multi-frequency base station antenna further includes a plurality of third high-frequency radiation units; each third high-frequency radiation unit comprises two groups of fourth oscillator arms with orthogonal polarization, and the structure of each fourth oscillator arm is a half-wave oscillator structure; each third high-frequency radiation unit is arranged between two adjacent radiation units; the first high-frequency radiation unit and the third high-frequency radiation unit work in a second bandwidth.

In the embodiment of the present application, the

microstrip lines

31 and 32 of the first low-frequency radiating element 10 are electromagnetically coupled and fed through the

second slots

201, 202, 203, and 204, and radiate electromagnetic waves along the

first oscillator arms

11, 12, 13, and 14 through the

first slots

101, 102, 103, and 104. Since the height between the top of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13, and 14 and the first face 21 is within a predetermined range, and the first high-frequency radiating element 40 is nested above the first low-frequency radiating element 10, a compact radiating element, for example, the entire radiating element having a height of about 40 to 50 mm, can be provided in an overall structure, thereby achieving a compact design of the antenna.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first low-frequency radiating element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first low-frequency radiating element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first vibrator arm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-frequency base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-frequency base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a third high-frequency radiating element according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of the present application more clear and more obvious, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

In the embodiment of the application, the impedance matching is mainly used on a transmission line to achieve the purpose of loading points of all high-frequency microwave signal energy-saving ships, and source points of signal reflection can hardly exist, so that energy benefits are provided. The matching impedance can be varied by changing the group resistance or adjusting the wavelength of the transmission line.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a structural schematic diagram of a radiation unit to which an embodiment of the present application is applicable, and as shown in fig. 1, the radiation unit 1 includes a first low-frequency radiation unit 10 and a first high-frequency radiation unit 40.

The structures of the first low-frequency radiating element 10 and the first high-frequency radiating element 40 are described below, fig. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams illustrating the structure of a first low-frequency radiating element to which the embodiment of the present application is applicable, fig. 2 is a view of the first low-frequency radiating element 10 from the top, and fig. 2 is a view of the first low-frequency radiating element 10 from the bottom.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first low-frequency radiating element 10 includes two sets of orthogonally polarized

first dipole arms

11, 12, 13, and 14, a PCB 20, and two

microstrip lines

31 and 32, where the first surface 21 and the second surface 22 are two surfaces away from the PCB 20. The

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13, and 14 are disposed on the first face 21 of the PCB 20, and a height between the top of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13, and 14 and the first face 21 is within a preset range.

First slits

101, 102, 103, and 104 are provided between adjacent

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13, and 14. The first side 21 of the PCB 20 has

second slots

201, 202, 203 and 204 thereon, and the

second slots

201, 202, 203 and 204 are located within the projection of the

first slots

101, 102, 103 and 104 on the PCB 20. The

microstrip lines

31 and 32 are disposed on the second surface 22 of the PCB 20, and the

microstrip lines

31 and 32 are located in the projections of the

second slots

201, 202, 203 and 204 on the PCB 20. Specifically, the microstrip line 31 corresponds in position to the

second slots

201 and 203, and the microstrip line 32 corresponds in position to the

second slots

202 and 204.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a structure of a first high-frequency radiating element to which the embodiment of the present application is applied, and as shown in fig. 4, the first high-frequency radiating element 40 includes two sets of

second oscillator arms

41, 42, 43, 44 with orthogonal polarizations, the

second oscillator arms

41, 42, 43, 44 are in a half-wave oscillator structure, and the first high-frequency radiating element 40 is fixed directly above the

first oscillator arms

11, 12, 13, and 14.

In the embodiment of the present application, the

microstrip lines

second slots

201, 202, 203, and 204, and radiate electromagnetic waves along the

first oscillator arms

11, 12, 13, and 14 through the

first slots

101, 102, 103, and 104. Since the height between the top of the

first vibrator arms

In the embodiment of the present application, the first vibrator arm 11 and the first vibrator arm 13 are one set of first vibrator arms, and the first vibrator arm 12 and the first vibrator arm 14 are another set of vibrator arms. In order to satisfy the requirement of dual polarization orthogonality, the first vibrator arm 11 and the first vibrator arm 13 may be symmetrically disposed according to a central point of the PCB 20, and similarly, the first vibrator arm 12 and the first vibrator arm 14 may be symmetrically disposed according to a central point of the PCB 20. Therefore, in an alternative embodiment, the projection of the

first slits

101, 102, 103 and 104 on the PCB 20 is on the midpoint connecting line of the two opposite sides of the PCB 20. I.e. the projection of the

first slits

101 and 103 is on the line connecting the midpoints of one set of two opposite sides of the PCB 20 and the projection of the

first slits

102 and 104 is on the line connecting the midpoints of the other set of two opposite sides of the PCB 20. Correspondingly, the second slit is also disposed on the middle point connecting line of the two opposite sides of the PCB 20.

In another alternative embodiment, the

first slits

101, 102, 103 and 104 are diagonally disposed, that is, the projection of the

first slits

101, 102, 103 and 104 on the PCB 20 is on the diagonal of the PCB 20. In contrast, the

second slits

201, 202, 203, and 204 may be symmetrically disposed according to the center point of the PCB board 20.

Alternatively, the width of each first slit may be the same, and the width of each second slit may be uniform. The width of the first slit and the width of the second slit corresponding to the first slit may be the same, or the width of the first slit may be greater than the width of the second slit corresponding to the first slit, or the width of the first slit may be less than the width of the second slit corresponding to the first slit.

Describing the shape of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13 and 14, the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13 and 14 have a funnel structure, the first surface 21 of the PCB 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13 and 14, and the first openings of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13 and 14 are close to the central point of the PCB 20; the second openings of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13 and 14 are distant from the center point of the PCB board 20. Fig. 5 schematically illustrates a structure of a first vibrator arm applicable to the embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 5, the first openings 111 and the second openings 112 of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13 and 14, wherein the top surface 113 of the first vibrator arm is inclined downward from the second opening 112 to the first opening 111.

Alternatively, the first high-frequency radiation unit 40 is fixed directly above the first openings 111 of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13, and 14. As shown in fig. 1, the bottom of the first high-frequency radiating element 40 is fixedly connected to the metal plate through a plastic holder, and the metal plate with the first high-frequency radiating element 40 is fixedly connected to the first openings 111 of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13 and 14. As such, the first high frequency radiation unit 40 may be disposed at the recess of the first low frequency radiation unit. The metal sheet may also be used to adjust the impedance matching of the first vibrator arm.

In an alternative embodiment, the height between the bottom of the

first vibrator arm

11, 12, 13, and 14 and the top of the first vibrator arm is 0.03125-0.25 times the wavelength λ of the central frequency point of the operating band of the first low-frequency radiating unit 10.

Alternatively, the top of the

second vibrator arms

41, 42, 43, 44 and the top of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13, and 14 are on the same horizontal line. That is, the overall height of the radiation element 1 may be the height of the PCB board 20 to the top of the first low frequency radiation element 10. Thus, the miniaturized design of the radiation unit of the application is well presented. Of course, the top of the

second vibrator arms

41, 42, 43, 44 may be lower or higher than the top of the

first vibrator arms

11, 12, 13, and 14, which may be adaptively adjusted according to the needs.

In the embodiment of the present application, the

first oscillator arms

11, 12, and 14 of the first low-frequency radiating element 10 have a funnel structure with a high outer portion and a low inner portion, so that the first low-frequency radiating element 10 has a good beam convergence characteristic. Secondly, the current paths of the first low-frequency radiation unit 10 operating in the low-frequency bandwidth (for example, 550-; the lower the frequency, the longer the current, the closer the current is to the first dipole arm end. Further, the aperture of the expanded first opening 111 and the aperture of the second opening 112, which are low inside and high outside, of the first oscillator arm of the first low-frequency radiating unit 10 can compensate for the difference in wave path caused by the difference in wavelength of the operating frequency, thereby improving the front-to-back ratio of the beam convergence characteristic.

In the embodiment of the present application, the second opening 112 of the first vibrator arm may become a boundary of the first high-frequency radiating element 40, and thus, the radiation characteristic of the first high-frequency radiating element 40 may be improved.

In the embodiment of the present application, there is a multi-frequency base station antenna, which may include the various radiation units 1 described above.

In an optional embodiment, the multi-frequency base station antenna further includes a reflection plate, and the reflection plate is fixedly connected to the PCB 20 of the radiation unit 1 through an insulating connection member.

Two types of multi-frequency base station antennas are introduced below:

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a multi-frequency base station antenna applicable to the embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 6, the multi-frequency base station antenna includes a plurality of radiation units 1, a plurality of second high-frequency radiation units 2, and a plurality of third high-frequency radiation units 3. Wherein the plurality of radiation units 1, the plurality of second high-frequency radiation units 2, and the plurality of third high-frequency radiation units 3 are disposed on the reflection plate 4. Each second high-frequency radiating unit 2 comprises two groups of third oscillator arms with orthogonal polarization, the third oscillator arms are in a half-wave oscillator structure, and the second high-frequency radiating units 2 work in a first bandwidth. The first bandwidth is a first high frequency bandwidth, such as 1695-.

Optionally, a plurality of radiation units 1 are arranged on the reflection plate 4 along the first direction; a plurality of second high-frequency radiating elements 2 are arranged on the reflecting plate 4 along the second direction and the third direction, respectively; the second direction and the third direction are respectively positioned at two sides of the first direction and are symmetrical based on the first direction.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a multi-frequency base station antenna applicable to the embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 7, the multi-frequency base station antenna includes a plurality of radiation units 1, a plurality of second high-frequency radiation units 2, and a plurality of third high-frequency radiation units 3. Wherein the plurality of radiation units 1, the plurality of second high-frequency radiation units 2, and the plurality of third high-frequency radiation units 3 are disposed on the reflection plate 4. Similarly, each second high-frequency radiating element 2 includes two sets of orthogonally polarized third dipole arms, the third dipole arms are in a half-wave dipole structure, and the second high-frequency radiating elements 2 operate in the first bandwidth. The first bandwidth is a first high frequency bandwidth, such as 1695-.

A plurality of radiation units 1 are arranged on the reflection plate 4 in a fourth direction and a fifth direction; the fourth direction and the fifth direction are parallel; a plurality of second high-frequency radiating elements 2 arranged in a sixth direction on the reflecting plate 4; the sixth direction is intermediate the fourth direction and the fifth direction.

In the embodiment of the application, the whole height of the radiation unit 1 is reduced, so that the blocking of the second high-frequency radiation unit is reduced, and the second high-frequency radiation unit can have a better frontal radiation effect.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, each third high-frequency radiating element 3 includes two sets of fourth oscillator arms with orthogonal polarizations, and the structure of the fourth oscillator arm is a half-wave oscillator structure; each third high-frequency radiation unit 3 is disposed between two adjacent radiation units 1; the first high-frequency radiation unit 40 and the third high-frequency radiation unit 3 operate at the second bandwidth. The second bandwidth is a second high frequency bandwidth, such as 1427 and 2690 MHz.

Optionally, since the boundaries of the first high-frequency radiating element 40 and the third high-frequency radiating element 3 are different, and therefore, the radiation characteristics are different, in an alternative embodiment, the half-wave oscillator structure of the

second oscillator arm

41, 42, 43, 44 of the first high-frequency radiating element 40 may be different from the half-wave oscillator structure of the fourth oscillator arm of the third high-frequency radiating element 3, the half-wave oscillator structure of the

second oscillator arm

41, 42, 43, 44 of the first high-frequency radiating element 40 may be as shown in fig. 4, and the half-wave oscillator structure of the fourth oscillator arm of the third high-frequency radiating element 3 may be as shown in fig. 8, where fig. 8 exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a third high-frequency radiating element to which the embodiment of the present application is applicable, and includes 4

fourth oscillator arms

301, 302, 303, and 304.

The first loan and the second bandwidth are for distinction, and the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth may be the same according to actual requirements.

While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims

1. A radiating element is characterized by comprising a first low-frequency radiating element and a first high-frequency radiating element;

the first low-frequency radiation unit comprises two groups of first oscillator arms with orthogonal polarization, a PCB (printed circuit board) and two microstrip lines; the first vibrator arm is of a funnel structure; the first opening of the first vibrator arm is close to the central point of the PCB; the second opening of the first vibrator arm is far away from the central point of the PCB; the top surface of the first vibrator arm is inclined downwards from the second opening to the first opening;

the first oscillator arm is arranged on the first surface of the PCB, and the height between the top of the first oscillator arm and the first surface is within a preset range; a first gap is formed between the adjacent first oscillator arms; the first surface is provided with a second gap; the second gap is positioned in the projection of the first gap on the PCB; the microstrip line is arranged on the second surface of the PCB; the microstrip line is positioned in the projection of the second gap on the PCB; the first surface and the second surface are two surfaces deviated from the PCB; the microstrip line performs electromagnetic coupling feeding through the second slot, and radiates electromagnetic waves along the first oscillator arm through the first slot;

the first high-frequency radiation unit comprises two groups of second oscillator arms with orthogonal polarization, the second oscillator arms are of half-wave oscillator structures, and the first high-frequency radiation unit is fixed right above the first oscillator arms.

2. The radiating element of claim 1, wherein the first side of the PCB board is fixedly attached to the bottom of the dipole arm.

3. The radiating element according to claim 2, wherein the first high-frequency radiating element is disposed above the first opening of the first vibrator arm.

4. The radiating element according to claim 3, wherein the bottom of the first high-frequency radiating element is fixedly connected with a metal sheet through a plastic clamping seat; the metal plate with the first high-frequency radiation unit is fixed to the first opening of the first vibrator arm.

5. The radiating element of claim 4, wherein a top of the second dipole arm and a top of the first dipole arm are on a same horizontal line.

6. A multi-frequency base station antenna, comprising any of claims 1-5.

7. The multi-frequency base station antenna of claim 6, further comprising a reflection plate fixedly connected to the PCB of the radiation unit by an insulating connection member.

8. The multi-frequency base station antenna of claim 7, wherein the multi-frequency base station antenna comprises a plurality of the radiating elements and a plurality of second high-frequency radiating elements; each second high-frequency radiation unit comprises two groups of third oscillator arms with orthogonal polarization, and the structure of each third oscillator arm is a half-wave oscillator structure; the second high-frequency radiating unit is prepared to work in a first bandwidth.

9. The multi-frequency base station antenna of claim 8,

the plurality of radiation units are arranged on the reflecting plate along a first direction;

the plurality of second high-frequency radiation units are arranged on the reflecting plate along a second direction and a third direction respectively; the second direction and the third direction are respectively located on two sides of the first direction and are symmetrical based on the first direction.

10. The multi-frequency base station antenna of claim 8,

the plurality of radiation units are arranged on the reflecting plate along a fourth direction and a fifth direction; the fourth direction and the fifth direction are parallel;

the plurality of second high-frequency radiation units are arranged on the reflecting plate along a sixth direction; the sixth direction is intermediate the fourth direction and the fifth direction.

11. The multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the multi-frequency base station antenna further comprises a plurality of third high-frequency radiation units; each third high-frequency radiation unit comprises two groups of fourth oscillator arms with orthogonal polarization, and the structure of each fourth oscillator arm is a half-wave oscillator structure;

each third high-frequency radiation unit is arranged between two adjacent radiation units; the first high-frequency radiation unit and the third high-frequency radiation unit work in a second bandwidth.