CN109726914A - A kind of unit recovery sorting consistence method considering starting efficiency decaying - Google Patents
A kind of unit recovery sorting consistence method considering starting efficiency decaying Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of units of consideration starting efficiency decaying to restore sorting consistence method, characterized by the following steps: 1) using steam turbine temperature as the outstanding feature of set state, to having a power failure on a large scale, the trend that exhaust casing temperature is gradually reduced at any time is assessed, and obtains steam turbine temperature decline curve；2) it is based on steam turbine temperature decline curve, is described using starting state of the fuzzy membership function to unit under different cylinder temperatures, power plant starting time of the unit under different cylinder temperatures is calculated；3) power plant based on unit under different cylinder temperatures starts the time, the average attenuation rate of unit starting efficiency is calculated, establish the unit recovery and optimization model for considering the decaying of unit starting efficiency, unit recovery and optimization model is solved using Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm, obtains the optimal recovery sequence of unit.The present invention can be widely applied to unit in electric system and restore sorting consistence field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of units to restore sorting consistence method, especially with regard to a kind of machine of consideration starting efficiency decaying
Group restores sorting consistence method.
Background technique
Power system blackstart refers to after having a power failure on a large scale from black starting-up power supply respectively to the non self starting of tripping grinder
Unit provide startup power, so that it is restored generating capacity again, and form stable operation mini system side by side with black starting-up power supply
Process.The formulation of unit starting scheme need to mainly consider the selection of black starting-up power supply, the selection of restoration path and be opened at present
The selection of motivation group.From the basic goal for accelerating recovering process, reducing loss of outage, a reasonable unit starting scheme
Preferable initial stage recovery effects are not only required, but also it is desirable that subsequent to system restore the most advantageous.
Researchers at home and abroad have made intensive studies unit recovery and optimization problem at present, achieve it is abundant research at
Fruit.However a generally existing problem, i.e., insufficient, experimental results and reality are considered each unit starting efficiency attenuation
Recovery process difference is larger.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of units of consideration starting efficiency decaying to restore sorting consistence
Method, this method obtain the optimal recovery sequence of unit by studying the attenuation degree of unit starting efficiency at any time,
To realize the effect for accelerating recovering process, reducing loss of outage.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of unit recovery considering starting efficiency decaying
Sorting consistence method comprising following steps: 1) using steam turbine temperature as the outstanding feature of set state, to having a power failure on a large scale
The trend that exhaust casing temperature is gradually reduced at any time is assessed, and steam turbine temperature decline curve is obtained；2) it is based on steamer
Machine cylinder temperature decline curve is described using starting state of the fuzzy membership function to unit under different cylinder temperatures,
Power plant starting time of the unit under different cylinder temperatures is calculated；3) it is opened based on power plant of the unit under different cylinder temperatures
The dynamic time, the average attenuation rate of unit starting efficiency is calculated, establishes the unit recovery and optimization mould for considering starting efficiency decaying
Type solves unit recovery and optimization model using Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm, obtains the optimal recovery sequence of unit.
In the step 1), the steam turbine temperature decline curve are as follows:
τ=τa+(τ0-τa)e-Kt,
In formula, τ is center housing temperature, τaRoom temperature between steam turbine, τ0The initial temperature of cylinder body when to shut down, K indicate ratio
Example constant, t is unit downtime.
In the step 2), power plant of the unit under different cylinder temperatures starts the time are as follows:
Ti(τ)=TVH,iUVH,i(τ)+TH,iUH,i(τ)+TW,iUW,i(τ)+TC,iUC,i(τ),
Wherein, UVH,i(τ), UH,i(τ), UW,i(τ), UC,i(τ) respectively indicate cylinder temperature be τ when i-th unit very hot
The subordinating degree function of state, hot, warm state and cold conditions；TVH,i, TH,i, TW,i, TC,iI-th unit is respectively indicated in very hot state, heat
The power plant of state, warm state and cold conditions starts the time.
In the step 3), the unit recovery and optimization model for considering the decaying of unit starting efficiency is established, and using on multiple populations
The method that genetic algorithm solves unit recovery and optimization model, comprising the following steps: 3.1) opened again after establishing unit outage
Dynamic simplifies power output model, according to the equivalent climbing rate for simplifying power output model proposition unit；3.2) with the quasi- starting unit of day part
The sum of equivalent climbing rate be up to optimization aim, establish the unit recovery and optimization model for considering starting efficiency decaying；3.3) root
According to unit, the power plant under different cylinder temperatures starts the time, calculates the equivalent climbing rate of unit and being averaged for unit starting efficiency
Attenuation rate；3.4) according to the average attenuation rate of unit starting efficiency, the optimization Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule that different periods unit restores is determined；
3.5) the optimization Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule restored according to determining different periods unit, it is extensive using unit of the Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm to foundation
Multiple bank sequence Optimized model is solved, and the optimal recovery sequence of unit is obtained.
In the step 3.2), the unit recovery and optimization model for considering starting efficiency decaying includes opening so that day part is quasi-
The sum of equivalent climbing rate of motivation group is up to the objective function and constraint condition of unit sorting consistence, the optimization aim letter
Several calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, NTFor this period unit number to be restored；ciIndicate unit i whether this period put into, putting into is 1, otherwise for
0；PM,iFor the nominal output of unit i, TS,iAt the time of starting starting for unit i, TR,iIt generates electricity at full capacity the moment for unit i realization.
The constraint condition includes that trend constraint, idle constraint and unit self-excitation magnetic confinement and system restore power about
Beam, calculation formula are respectively as follows:
A, trend constraint
Equality constraint:
Wherein, the node of j ∈ i, the label j after indicating ∑ number must directly be connected with node i, include the case where j=i；
PiFor node i active injection；QiFor the idle injection of node i, UiFor node i voltage modulus value, θijFor the voltage phase of node i and node j
Angular difference；NbFor system node number.
Inequality constraints:
In formula, NGFor total number of units of unit in recovery system；WithThe minimum and maximum of respectively unit i has
Function power output limit value；WithThe minimum and maximum of respectively unit i is idle power output limit value；UjFor node j voltage,WithThe voltage minimum and maximum value that respectively node j allows under normal circumstances；NLFor the route number restored, PL,lFor line
The active power flowed through on the l of road, PLmax,lThe maximum power for allowing to convey under normal circumstances for route l；fminAnd fmaxFor system
The frequency minimum and maximum value of permission；
B, idle constraint and unit self-excitation magnetic confinement:
In formula, QL,jFor route j (j=1,2 ..., NL) charging reactive power；NKFor load bus number in recovery scheme,
Qr(t) for node r (r=1,2 ..., NK) in the reactive power of t moment institute's on-load consumption；QBmax,iIt (t) is unit i in t
Carve the absorbent maximum reactive power of institute, K1For idle coefficient of reliability, 0 < K1≤1；
C, system restores power constraint:
In formula, Pcr,iFor unit i to be launched (i=1,2 ..., NT) needed for startup power；Pj(t) for node j (j=1,
2,...,NK) in the active power of t moment institute's on-load consumption；PM,l(t) be t moment unit l (l=1,2 ..., NG) can provide
Maximum active power, K2For active coefficient of reliability, 0 < K2≤1。
In the step 3.3), the equivalent climbing rate of the unit are as follows:
Keq,i(τ)=PM,i/ T (i, τ),
In formula, PM,iFor the nominal output of unit i, T (i, τ) be unit i when steam turbine temperature is τ from obtaining factory
Electricity consumption, which starts to start to contribute, reaches the maximum required time；
The average attenuation rate of the unit starting efficiency are as follows:
In formula, τ1And τ2Cylinder temperature when respectively unit i has a power failure and cylinder temperature when restoring electricity；t1And t2Point
Not Wei unit i have a power failure and the moment and restore electricity the moment.
In the step 3.4), when determining the optimization Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule that different periods unit restores, according to the starting of each unit
Efficiency attenuation rate and starting time are determined, and are equipped with m unit J1,J2,...,JmWait-to-Restore, power plant start the time point
It Wei not t1,t2,...,tm, each unit attenuation rate in waiting time to be launched is respectively Wi(i=1,2 ..., m), then work as satisfaction
When following condition:
It then determines in the period, unit recovery and optimization sequence are as follows: J1>J2>…>Jm。
In the step 3.5), according to the optimization Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule that determining different periods unit restores, using something lost on multiple populations
Propagation algorithm restores sorting consistence model to the unit of foundation and solves, the method for obtaining the optimal recovery sequence of unit, including
Following steps:
3.5.1 electrical network parameter) is inputted, is initialized: segment labeling k=0 when enabling, time t=0, black starting-up power initiation
Time is t0；Period interval is set as △ tk, △ t0=t0；Optimum individual at least keeps algebra to be set as Maxgen；
3.5.2 t=t+ △ t) is enabledk, k=k+1, counting this period available startup power P and can restore unit set WGk,
If WGkFor sky, step 3.5.10 is carried out)；Otherwise basis can restore unit set WGkRandom initializtion population and genetic algorithm
Parameter, and carry out step 3.5.3)；
3.5.3 the unit that present period recovery) is determined according to the coding of chromosome in initialization population, in conjunction with Dijkstra
Algorithm search restoration path；
3.5.4) Load flow calculation is carried out to the rack of formation to be walked if calculation of tidal current meets verification condition
Rapid 3.5.5)；Otherwise by unit according to tl/Wl(1≤l≤NT) ascending sequence arranges, and modifies chromosome, it will come most
Subsequent 1 unit of being encoded to is changed to 0, and return step 3.5.3) it rerouting and verifies；
3.5.5 the chromosome that passes through of verification) is divided into multiple populations, to the chromosome of each population according to different control parameters
It selected, intersected, mutation operation, obtaining multiple populations of a new generation；The chromosome of each new population is verified, is accorded with
Close multiple populations of new generation of constraint condition；
3.5.6 the various maximum chromosomes of multiple targets value of a new generation) are determined as elite chromosome, target value is the smallest
Chromosome is determined as most bad chromosome；The most bad chromosome of other populations is replaced with the elite chromosome of different population respectively, it is complete
It is operated at immigrant, and by each population elite genome of artificial selection operator extraction at elite population；
3.5.7) find out the optimal chromosome in elite population, judge this optimal value whether with previous suboptimum value phase
Together, if it is different, using target value the greater as optimal value；If identical, optimal retention value number adds 1；
3.5.8) judge whether optimal retention value reaches setting value Maxgen, if reached, carry out step 3.5.9)；Otherwise
Return step 3.5.5)；
3.5.9 the maximum scheme of this session target value) is selected as optimal case, return step 3.5.2) carry out subsequent period
Optimization；
3.5.10 the unit for) exporting day part time and starting, obtains final scheme, calculating terminates.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages: 1, method proposed by the present invention avoids not
Consider the problem that optimum results are partially optimistic when the decaying of unit starting efficiency, can more objectively reflect that the system after having a power failure on a large scale is restored
Ability has stronger practical application value to system recovery effects are improved.2, method proposed by the present invention is in recovery process
Consider the starting efficiency attenuation problem of each unit, the starting efficiency of dynamic evaluation unit, reasonable arrangement unit opens on the whole
Dynamic sequence, realizes recovery process global optimum.3, method proposed by the present invention analyzes the string of unit in recovery process on the whole
Parallel recovery problem fully considers the recovery time and waiting time of each unit, when power grid totally restores after having a power failure on a large scale to assessment
Between have larger value.Thus, the present invention can be widely applied to unit in electric system and restore sorting consistence field.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is steam turbine temperature decline curve of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is subordinating degree function distribution of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that unit of the present invention simplifies power curve, and wherein Fig. 3 (a) is that Steam Turbine simplifies power output model, and Fig. 3 (b) is
Combined cycle unit simplifies power output model；
Fig. 4 is unit serial parallel recovery process schematic diagram after the present invention has a power failure on a large scale；
Fig. 5 is MPGA algorithm structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is 10 machine of New England, 39 node system in the embodiment of the present invention 1, in figure,Indicate that the first period is extensive
Multiple path,Indicate the second period restoration path,Indicate third period restoration path, ----indicate not restore line
Road；
Fig. 7 is 10 machine of New England, 39 node system optimal case maximum output curve in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 8 is Southern Hebei Network real system in the embodiment of the present invention 2, in figure,Indicate power plant,Indicate 500kV
Substation,Indicate 220kV substation,Indicate the first period restoration path,Indicate that the second period restored road
Diameter,Indicate third period restoration path,Indicate the 4th period restoration path, ----indicate not restore route；
Fig. 9 is Southern Hebei Network optimal case maximum output curve in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Major parameter when assessing first set state after having a power failure on a large scale simply is introduced, when all kinds of generators start
Major parameter has following several:
(1) from shutting down the duration of ignition.This time is unit downtime, is to judge that can unit carry out hot starting, hot start
Foundation.According to steam turbine temperature, unit starting can be divided into very hot startup, hot starting, hot start, warm starting and cold conditions and open
It is dynamic, the maximum downtime that unit is able to carry out hot starting, hot start is traditionally known as the maximum crash time.
(2) the minimum critical time.For certain units, if failing to obtain startup power supply progress in time within a certain period of time
Unit starting then needs to wait at least for a period of time completion water, the discharge of vapour and the reset of state, could restart later,
The minimum downtime of unit under this condition is usually referred to as the minimum critical time.
(3) from igniting to the grid-connected time.This time and cylinder of steam turbine temperature, boiler type (primary overheat, drum type), combustion
Expect that factors such as type (combustion gas, fire coal, fuel oils) are related.To protect destruction of the cylinder not by larger temperature difference bring thermal stress, machine
Group needs strict control cylinder heating rate in warm state or cold start, big compared with hot starting, hot start so as to cause the overall startup time
It is big to extend, it is therefore desirable to avoid multicomputer temperature state or cold start.
(4) from grid-connected to minimum steady combustion duration of load application.Since boiler is easy to happen flame-out phenomenon when coal-fired flow is lower,
Need to access a certain amount of steady combustion load as early as possible after fired power generating unit starting.This process according to the time of cold conditions and hot starting, hot start and
It is different, it is longer the time required to this process under cold start-up mode.
(5) the maximum output time.Refer to unit from minimum steady combustion power output to the shortest time needed for maximum output, which is
The embodiment of unit climbing capacity and unit provide the important guarantee that power is supported for subsequent recovery.
A kind of unit considering starting efficiency decaying provided by the invention restores sorting consistence method, comprising the following steps:
1) using steam turbine temperature as the outstanding feature of set state, to having a power failure on a large scale exhaust casing temperature at any time gradually
Downward trend is assessed, and steam turbine temperature decline curve is obtained.
As shown in Figure 1, for when being assessed based on Newton's law of cooling steam turbine temperature, steam turbine temperature
Decline curve.During halt turbines, cylinder can regard non-stable heat releasing source as, and steam turbine room temperature can be regarded as
Non-stable heat sink.Halt turbines are for a period of time after t, center housing temperature τ and when shutting down cylinder body initial temperature τ0And steam turbine
Between room temperature τaBetween there are certain relationships.
According to Newton's law of cooling, the temperature change of cylinder is directly proportional to the temperature difference, is shown below:
This equation is solved, is obtained
τ-τa=ce-Kt (2)
As t=0, τ=τ0When, c=τ0-τa, then cylinder of steam turbine temperature and the relationship of time are shown below:
τ=τa+(τ0-τa)e-Kt (3)
In formula, c indicates that the temperature difference of initial temperature and external room temperature when steam turbine is shut down, K indicate proportionality constant, with machine
Set type, unit axial dimension, cooling surface product, cylinder thermal capacity, cooling condition, heat preservation material, insulation layer thickness and heat pass
It is related to lead coefficient etc..
2) it is based on steam turbine temperature decline curve, using fuzzy membership function to unit under different cylinder temperatures
Starting state is described, and power plant starting time of the unit under different cylinder temperatures is calculated.
The common sliding parameter Starting mode of power plant causes starting efficiency of the unit under different cylinder temperatures difference occur, is
The emphasis paid close attention in periodic inspection and starting experiment.Since experiment number is limited, and the entry condition difference being directed to is tested every time,
The data being easy to appear in a certain section compare concentration, and the phenomenon that partial section data are less.With warm starting, (wall temperature is
150~350 DEG C) for, test is more to be carried out between 200~300 DEG C, and using acquired data mean value as warm starting
Efficiency, confidence level are higher；And the concern of the starting efficiency for being in marginal state is less, be easy to cause the blind area of assessment.Needle
To such situation, with reference to the criteria for classifying of four states, according to Proving by Examples using the distribution characterization unit different conditions starting of ridge shape
Subordinating degree function, with improve assessment rim condition unit starting efficiency accuracy.
As shown in Fig. 2, after carrying out Nonlinear Processing to set state fringe region using the distribution of ridge type, progressive close data
Close quarters (closer to the data-intensive region of certain state, higher to the degree of membership of this state), are consistent with actual state.It is subordinate to
Category degree function expression such as formula (4)~formula (7).
A, very hot state:
B, hot:
C, warm state:
D, cold conditions:
In formula, UVH(τ), UH(τ), UW(τ), UC(τ) respectively indicates when cylinder temperature is τ unit in very hot state, hot, warm
The subordinating degree function of state and cold conditions, τ1~τ5Respectively indicate the temperature boundary of very hot state, hot, warm state and cold conditions.
It can be obtained according to formula (4)~formula (7), power plant when i-th unit cylinder temperature is τ starts the time are as follows:
Ti(τ)=TVH,iUVH,i(τ)+TH,iUH,i(τ)+TW,iUW,i(τ)+TC,iUC,i(τ) (8)
Wherein, UVH,i(τ), UH,i(τ), UW,i(τ), UC,i(τ) respectively indicate cylinder temperature be τ when i-th unit very hot
The subordinating degree function of state, hot, warm state and cold conditions；TVH,i, TH,i, TW,i, TC,iI-th unit is respectively indicated in very hot state, heat
The power plant of state, warm state and cold conditions starts the time.
3) power plant based on unit under different cylinder temperatures starts the time, and being averaged for unit starting efficiency is calculated and declines
Lapse rate establishes the unit recovery and optimization model for considering the decaying of unit starting efficiency, and extensive to unit using Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm
Multiple Optimized model is solved, and the optimal recovery sequence of unit is obtained.
Specifically includes the following steps:
3.1) the simplified power output model restarted after unit outage is established, the process of restarting after unit outage is divided into waiting
Restore station service, power plant's starting, ideal grid-connected climbing to three phases at full capacity, and defines equivalent climbing rate.
As shown in Fig. 3 (a), that restarts after stopping transport for Steam Turbine simplifies power output model.Unit i by recovery station service to
Start grid-connected, starts climbing later to maximum output, need to undergo three processes: Wait-to-Restore station service (0, TS,i), power plant opens
Dynamic (TS,i,TK,i), ideal grid-connected climbing to (T at full capacityK,i,TR,i).In figure, KP,iFor the ideal climbing rate of unit i, Keq,iFor
The equivalent climbing rate of unit is activated equivalent starting efficiency of the unit from restoring electricity full hair, PM,iFor unit i it is specified go out
Power, power plant start (TS,i,TK,i) process mainly includes ignition of the boiler~steam turbine red switch~set grid-connection, required time and steam turbine
Cylinder temperature is related, uses Ti(τ) is indicated.
As shown in Fig. 3 (b), that restarts after stopping transport for combined cycle unit simplifies power output model.Combined cycle unit
Starting efficiency equally also will receive therrmodynamic system influence.The present invention divides by taking common combustion gas-Steam Combined Cycle unit as an example
Its starting pinciple, structure and operation characteristic are analysed, it is established and simplifies power output model.Combustion gas-Steam Combined Cycle unit is by combustion gas
Turbine, steam turbine, waste heat boiler and other heat power equipments require to combine huge multiple according to certain function and technique
Miscellaneous system mainly includes combustion gas circulation and steam circulation two parts.During startup, gas turbine starts fast speed, and
Start prior to steam turbine, three processes that combustion gas cyclic part is restarted after stopping transport are as follows: Wait-to-Restore station service (0, T
'S,i), power plant starts (T'S,i,T'K,i), ideal grid-connected climbing to (T' at full capacityK,i,T'R,i), K'P,iIdeal for unit i is climbed
Ratio of slope, it is contemplated that gas turbine starting is influenced less by temperature factor, and the starting time of combustion gas cyclic part may be considered one
A definite value (T'i:T'S,i~T'K,i)；And steam circulation part is similar with traditional steam turbine starting, including three process difference
Are as follows: Wait-to-Restore station service (0, T "S,i), power plant starts (T "S,i,T”K,i), ideal grid-connected climbing to (T " at full capacityK,i,T
”R,i), K "P,iFor the ideal climbing rate of steam circulation part, start time (T "i(τ):T”S,i~T "K,i) and therrmodynamic system temperature
Close relation is spent, is gradually decayed with the passage of time after having a power failure on a large scale.Therefore, the final simplified mould of combined cycle unit start-up course
Type is the synthesis of its combustion gas part and vapor portion.
3.2) optimization aim is up to the sum of the equivalent climbing rate of the quasi- starting unit of day part, establishes and considers starting efficiency
The unit recovery and optimization model of decaying.
Unit starting efficiency is influenced by steam turbine temperature, and the trend gradually to decay can be presented after having a power failure on a large scale.In Fig. 3
The equivalent climbing rate (K of the unit of definitioneq,i) it can reflect influence of power plant's starting speed to set grid-connection and power output climbing.Due to
Recovery process after having a power failure on a large scale is more complicated, it is difficult to establish whole Optimized model, modeling method more universal at present is to use
The thinking of " decision at times, overall optimizing ".According to the modeling approach at times that system is restored, to make unit in recovery process
Power output it is maximum, the present invention is up to the mesh of unit sorting consistence with the sum of the equivalent climbing rate of the quasi- starting unit of day part
Scalar functions, as shown in formula (9).
In formula, NTFor this period unit number to be restored；ciIndicate unit i whether this period put into, putting into is 1, otherwise for
0。
Constraint condition: restore power constraint including trend constraint, idle constraint and unit self-excitation magnetic confinement and system, respectively
The calculation formula of constraint condition is as follows:
A, trend constraint
Equality constraint: contain NbThe electric system of a node, equality constraint are mainly power flow equation constraint.
Wherein, the node of j ∈ i, the label j after indicating ∑ number must directly be connected with node i, include the case where j=i；
PiFor node i active injection；QiFor the idle injection of node i, UiFor node i voltage modulus value, θijFor the voltage phase of node i and node j
Angular difference.
Inequality constraints:
In formula, NGFor total number of units of unit in recovery system；WithThe minimum and maximum of respectively unit i has
Function power output limit value；WithThe minimum and maximum of respectively unit i is idle power output limit value；UjFor node j voltage,WithThe voltage minimum and maximum value that respectively node j allows under normal circumstances, the present invention are taken as 0.9p.u. and 1.1p.u.；
NLFor the route number restored, PL,lFor the active power flowed through on route l, PLmax,lAllow under normal circumstances for route l defeated
The maximum power sent；fminAnd fmaxThe frequency minimum and maximum value allowed for system.
B, idle constraint and unit self-excitation magnetic confinement
Rack reconstruct air-drop early period route leads to the idle surplus that charges, and may cause and continue power-frequency overvoltage.To prevent here
Class situation, idle constraint is as shown in formula (12).
In formula, QL,jFor route j (j=1,2 ..., NL) charging reactive power；NKFor load bus number in recovery scheme,
Qr(t) for node r (r=1,2 ..., NK) in the reactive power of t moment institute's on-load consumption；QBmax,iIt (t) is unit i in t
Carve the absorbent maximum reactive power of institute, K1For idle coefficient of reliability, 0 < K1≤1。
Engineering in practice, encourage oneself shown in magnetic confinement such as formula (13) by unit.
In formula, KCB,iFor the short-circuit ratio of unit i；SN,iFor the rated capacity of unit i.
Convolution (12) and formula (13) can obtain the expression formula of unit self-excitation magnetic confinement are as follows:
In formula,
C, system restores power constraint
The sum of power needed for equipment to be restored should be less than the general power that real system can be provided, it may be assumed that
In formula, Pcr,iFor unit i to be launched (i=1,2 ..., NT) needed for startup power；Pj(t) for node j (j=1,
2,...,NK) in the active power of t moment institute's on-load consumption；PM,l(t) be t moment unit l (l=1,2 ..., NG) can provide
Maximum active power, K2For active coefficient of reliability, 0 < K2≤1。
3.3) power plant according to unit under different cylinder temperatures starts the time, calculates the equivalent climbing rate and unit of unit
The average attenuation rate of starting efficiency.
When since unit i start to obtaining station service power output when steam turbine temperature is τ and reach maximum required
Between are as follows:
T (i, τ)=Ti(τ)+PM,i/KP,i (16)
In formula, Ti(τ) is that the power plant calculated according to formula (8) starts the time, then unit i is equivalent when cylinder temperature is τ
Climbing rate are as follows:
Keq,i(τ)=PM,i/T(i,τ) (17)
When cylinder temperature is from τ1Fall to τ2When, it is calculated according to equivalent climbing rate, the starting efficiency average attenuation rate of unit i
Are as follows:
Wherein, τ1And τ2Cylinder temperature when respectively unit i has a power failure and cylinder temperature when restoring electricity；t1And t2Point
Not Wei unit i have a power failure and the moment and restore electricity the moment.
3.4) according to the average attenuation rate of unit starting efficiency, the optimization Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule that different periods unit restores is determined.
As shown in figure 4, during restoring total, unit starting often serially with parallel synthesis, i.e., in each period
It is interior to restore more units, it is parallel recovery；And between the Unit Combination of different periods it is build down.According to " timesharing
The thinking of section decision, overall optimizing " needs respectively to guarantee overall benefit of restoring close to optimal to can restore in each period
Unit Combination optimize determination.When determining the Unit Combination that present period is restored, the present invention is according to the starting of unit
Efficiency decays and starts the rule followed when timing definition selection unit.
Equipped with m unit J1,J2,...,JmWait-to-Restore, power plant is respectively t the starting time1,t2,...,tm, each unit
Attenuation rate is W in waiting time to be launchedi(i=1,2 ..., m).To accelerate whole recovering process, the initial stage of increase can be quick
The power of recovery should preferentially restore to start the unit that speed is fast and average attenuation rate is big.Therefore, if the starting efficiency of unit
Attenuation rate WiWith the grid-connected time t of startingiMeet formula (19) relational expression, then presses J during random optimization1>J2>…>JmSequence
Carry out the quasi- selection for restoring unit of this period.
In the recovery process of each period, it may appear that the case where multiple unit parallel recoveries, which is wherein
Single unit longest starts time, i.e. starting time needed for the Unit Combination of r period are as follows:
Within the r period, the attenuation rate of Unit Combination r the sum of each unit average attenuation rate that the period restores thus, i.e.,
Wherein, WlFor the average attenuation rate of l platform unit starting efficiency.
3.5) the optimization Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule restored according to determining different periods unit, using Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm to foundation
Unit restore sorting consistence model solved, obtain unit optimal recovery sequence.
In the recovery process of each period, the knapsack problem being made of objective function and constraint condition is proved to be one
A np complete problem.Genetic algorithm is to solve for the common method of np complete problem, however traditional genetic algorithm usually can be because of morning
It is ripe and fall into local optimum, affect the accuracy of solution.Researcher has found in the research process to genetic algorithm, increases
The diversity of population is beneficial to evolutionary process.
As shown in figure 5, for Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm (Multiple Population Genetic Algorithm,
MPGA structure chart), in Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm, each population uses different control parameters, can make algorithm overall situation drawn game
The close equilibrium of portion's search capability.Each groupy phase realizes the exchange of information to independence by immigrant's operator between population.In evolution
Every generation is put into elite population by the optimum individual that artificial selection operator selects other populations and is saved.
Restore sorting consistence model to unit using Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm to solve, each chromosome indicates a kind of extensive
Compound case, according to each chromosome calculating target function value.When for quasi- starter motor group searching supply path, to reduce line end
Power-frequency overvoltage, should preferentially select the idle lesser route that charges, and the present invention is used as route weight for line charging is idle, in conjunction with
Dijkstra's algorithm carries out route searching, and building restores rack.In view of the operating time of the equipment such as route, transformer, this hair
The bright buffer time that 0.5h is added between each period, main calculation process are as follows:
3.5.1 electrical network parameter, including electric network impedance matrix, admittance matrix, source nominal capacity, node load amount) are inputted
Deng；When segment labeling k=0, time t=0, black starting-up power on time be t0；Period interval is set as △ tk, △ t0=t0；It is optimal
Individual minimum holding algebra is set as Maxgen；
3.5.2 t=t+ △ t) is enabledk, k=k+1, counting this period available startup power P and can restore unit set WGk,
If WGkFor sky, step 3.5.10 is carried out)；Otherwise basis can restore unit set WGkRandom initializtion population and genetic algorithm
Parameter, and carry out step 3.5.3)；
3.5.3 the unit that present period recovery) is determined according to the coding of chromosome in initialization population, in conjunction with Dijkstra
Algorithm search restoration path；
3.5.4) Load flow calculation is carried out to the rack of formation to be walked if calculation of tidal current meets constraint condition
Rapid 3.5.5)；Otherwise by unit according to tl/Wl(1≤l≤NT) ascending sequence arranges, and modifies chromosome, it will come most
Subsequent 1 unit of being encoded to is changed to 0 (i.e. present period does not restore this unit), and goes to step 3.5.3) rerouting
And it verifies；
3.5.5 the chromosome that passes through of verification) is divided into multiple populations, to the chromosome of each population according to different control parameters
It selected, intersected, mutation operation, obtaining multiple populations of a new generation；The chromosome of each new population is verified, is accorded with
Close multiple populations of new generation of constraint condition；
3.5.6 the various maximum chromosomes of multiple targets value of a new generation) are determined as elite chromosome, target value is the smallest
Chromosome is determined as most bad chromosome；The most bad chromosome of other populations is replaced with the elite chromosome of different population respectively, it is complete
It is operated at immigrant, and by each population elite genome of artificial selection operator extraction at elite population；
3.5.7) find out the optimal chromosome in elite population, judge this optimal value whether with previous suboptimum value phase
Together, if it is different, using target value the greater as optimal value；If identical, optimal retention value number adds 1；
3.5.8) judge whether optimal retention value reaches setting value Maxgen, if reached, carry out step 3.5.9)；Otherwise
Return step 3.5.5)；
3.5.9 the maximum scheme of this session target value) is selected as optimal case,Return step
3.5.2 subsequent period optimization) is carried out；
3.5.10 the unit for) exporting day part time and starting, obtains final scheme, calculating terminates.
Below by the calculating of specific embodiment, the method for the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
As shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment using 10 machine of New England, 39 node system (39 plant stand nodes, 10 power plants,
35 routes and 12 transformers) it is Example Verification effectiveness of the invention.If 30 plant stand nodes are black starting-up power supply, installation
Capacity is 2 × 200MW, cos φ=0.9, KCB=0.45, idle coefficient of reliability K1With active coefficient of reliability K20.8 is taken,
The maximum reactive power absorbed when unit zero load is 0.3SN(SNFor black starting-up source nominal capacity).Since black starting-up power supply opens
The dynamic stage often uses stepping up from zero mode, therefore black starting-up power initiation and route recovery time first stage are uniformly taken
0.5h。
The temperature decline curve of each unit and set grid-connection time are assessed using step 1) and step 2) method,
Initial temperature τ when middle shutdown0=500 DEG C, room temperature τa=20 DEG C, τ1~τ5140 DEG C, 180 DEG C, 320 DEG C, 380 are taken respectively
DEG C and 430 DEG C；The main unit parameter of 10 machine of New England, 39 node system is assumed as shown in table 1 below.It is calculated using heredity on multiple populations
Method optimizes recovery scheme, and major parameter is provided that population number is 10, and each population includes 10 dyeing
Crossover probability is randomly generated in 0.7~0.9 range in body, and mutation probability is randomly generated in 0.001~0.05 range, optimal
Individual minimum holding algebra Maxgen is set as 10.
1 New England of table, 10 machine, 39 node system unit parameter
Wherein, proportionality constant K and machine set type, unit axial dimension, cooling surface product, cylinder thermal capacity, cooling condition,
It is related to keep the temperature material, insulation layer thickness and coefficient of heat conduction etc., illustrates steam turbine temperature drop rate.
Using Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm to unit recovery and optimization model solution, show that optimal case is as shown in table 2.Wherein,
0.5h is added between each period as buffer time.Do not consider to start when formulating recovery scheme for current conventional method simultaneously
The problem of efficiency decays, also lists the completely very hot state recovery situation of optimal case as a comparison in table 2, embodies starting with this
Efficiency declines the influence to recovery process.Two kinds of situations are as shown in Figure 7 in maximum output variation interior for 24 hours.
2 New England of table, 10 machine, the 39 optimal recovery scheme of node system
Embodiment 2
Further to verify practicability of the mentioned method of this chapter in actual electric network, with Southern Hebei Network real system (103
Plant stand node, 18 power plants, 169 routes and 31 transformers) it is example, its unit recovery scheme is optimized, such as
Shown in Fig. 8.Wherein using river bend Pumped Storage Plant as black starting-up power supply, installation is 4 × 250MW, cos φ=0.95, KCB
=0.4, idle coefficient of reliability K1With active coefficient of reliability K2Take 0.8, the maximum reactive power that when unit zero load is absorbed
For 0.3SN.Assuming that river bend hydroenergy storage station is started using stepping up from zero mode, start-up course and first stage route restore
Time unification takes 0.5h.Remaining each Power Plant parameter of Southern Hebei Network is (wherein Han Chang is combined cycle unit) as shown in table 3.Temperature
It is identical as example 1 as the setting of Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm parameter to spend parameter.
3 Southern Hebei Network system parameter of table
Using Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm to unit recovery and optimization model solution, show that final recovery scheme is as shown in table 4.Its
In, 0.5h is added between each period as buffer time.Also it compared the completely very hot state recovery situation of optimal case in table 4, with
This embodies influence of the starting efficiency decline to recovery process.Two kinds of situations are as shown in Figure 9 in maximum output variation interior for 24 hours.
The optimal recovery scheme of 4 Southern Hebei Network of table
Discussion of results
The unit recovery sequence that can be seen that consideration starting efficiency attenuation factor from above-mentioned two embodiment avoids very hot
The partially optimistic disadvantage of state starting, more objectively reflects the practical recovery capability of the system after having a power failure on a large scale, and improves gained scheme
Feasibility, be mainly manifested in the following aspects:
(1) different degrees of decline can occur over time for the working efficiency of electric power factory equipment, if not considering starting effect
Rate decaying, fully according to unit very hot startup in the case where be restored scheme, acquired results differ larger with actual conditions.
From in table 2 and table 4 as can be seen that starting efficiency ratio reflect decaying after unit starting state and very hot state gap, heat
State starts 50% or more, and warm starting is typically between 20%~50%, and cold start is then lower than 20%.It can from Fig. 7
To find out, all units have only just restored whole units, and each unit in the case where very hot startup within 6 hours
Maximum output reaches rated value, and same situation also has embodiment in Fig. 9, and the whole network unit only needs 11.5 hours just in very hot state
Starting completely；And in the case where considering starting efficiency decaying, some unit is understood in the even cold start of warm state, restores unit
Required time extends, can fast quick-recovery output drop.Therefore, most literature is not considering the decaying of unit starting efficiency at present
In the case of, universal more satisfactoryization of obtained result, to affect the practical recovery effects of scheme.
(2) to ensure that overall recovery effects are optimal, need to postpone the bad unit in recovered part position.In embodiment 1,
Each period carries out the preferred of unit to be launched according to the ordering rule of formula (19).Although the unit of node 38 and 39 from sequence angle
Degree all should preferentially restore, but farther out due to the electrical distance between black starting-up power supply, the charging of route is idle when recovery
It is larger, smoothly restore for other units in guarantee system, final stage can only be arranged in and be cold-started.Similarly, in embodiment 2
In, farther out due to clear factory, Longshan, Xing Nan and Shen Tousige power plant distance river bend power supply, the difficulty of emergency start is larger, therefore
Recovery can only be postponed.For another angle, the power grid scale to be restored should match with the capacity of black starting-up power supply.?
In embodiment 1, there is 77.78% unit to be launched that can carry out very hot state or hot starting, hot start, and in example 2, this number
Word is 76.47%.If requiring higher proportion of unit hot starting, hot start in practical recovery, more powerful black starting-up electricity is needed
Source.This shows the formulation of recovery scheme and the position etc. of available startup power, starting state and unit to be launched in power grid
Factor has compared with Important Relations, and the starting efficiency attenuation problem of each unit is considered in recovery process, exactly drops to loss most
It is low, it is ensured that global optimum.
(3) it can be seen that the progress with recovery process from table 2 and table 4, day part length is obviously prolonged, and reason exists
Can be in very hot state or hot starting, hot start in the unit preferentially restored, and the unit of subsequent recovery is then mostly in warm state even close to cold conditions
Starting, especially for the biggish unit of attenuation rate, the decline of starting efficiency ratio is very fast.What such case showed preferentially to start
Unit has preferable starting state, and the starting time for preferentially restoring unit is also the subsequent waiting time for restoring unit.
Therefore when selecting each period to restore unit, the state of unit and the influence to subsequent unit should be comprehensively considered, as far as possible preferentially
Restore the starting unit that the time is short, attenuation rate is big.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, wherein the structure of each component, connection type and manufacture craft etc. are all
It can be varied, all equivalents and improvement carried out based on the technical solution of the present invention should not exclude
Except protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of unit for considering starting efficiency decaying restores sorting consistence method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) using steam turbine temperature as the outstanding feature of set state, to having a power failure on a large scale, exhaust casing temperature is gradually reduced at any time
Trend assessed, obtain steam turbine temperature decline curve；
2) steam turbine temperature decline curve, the starting using fuzzy membership function to unit under different cylinder temperatures are based on
State is described, and power plant starting time of the unit under different cylinder temperatures is calculated；
3) power plant based on unit under different cylinder temperatures starts the time, and the average attenuation of unit starting efficiency is calculated
Rate establishes the unit recovery and optimization model for considering starting efficiency decaying, using Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm to unit recovery and optimization mould
Type is solved, and the optimal recovery sequence of unit is obtained.
2. a kind of unit for considering starting efficiency decaying as described in claim 1 restores sorting consistence method, it is characterised in that:
In the step 1), the steam turbine temperature decline curve are as follows:
τ=τa+(τ0-τa)e-Kt,
In formula, τ is center housing temperature, τaRoom temperature between steam turbine, τ0The initial temperature of cylinder body when to shut down, K indicate that ratio is normal
Number, t is unit downtime.
3. a kind of unit for considering starting efficiency decaying as described in claim 1 restores sorting consistence method, it is characterised in that:
In the step 2), power plant of the unit under different cylinder temperatures starts the time are as follows:
Ti(τ)=TVH,iUVH,i(τ)+TH,iUH,i(τ)+TW,iUW,i(τ)+TC,iUC,i(τ),
Wherein, UVH,i(τ), UH,i(τ), UW,i(τ), UC,i(τ) respectively indicate cylinder temperature be τ when i-th unit in very hot state, heat
The subordinating degree function of state, warm state and cold conditions；TVH,i, TH,i, TW,i, TC,iI-th unit is respectively indicated in very hot state, hot, warm state
Start the time with the power plant of cold conditions.
4. a kind of unit for considering starting efficiency decaying as described in claim 1 restores sorting consistence method, it is characterised in that:
In the step 3), the unit recovery and optimization model for considering the decaying of unit starting efficiency is established, and use Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm
The method that unit recovery and optimization model is solved, comprising the following steps:
3.1) the simplified power output model restarted after unit outage is established, according to the equivalent climbing for simplifying power output model proposition unit
Rate；
3.2) optimization aim is up to the sum of the equivalent climbing rate of the quasi- starting unit of day part, establishes and considers starting efficiency decaying
Unit recovery and optimization model；
3.3) power plant according to unit under different cylinder temperatures starts the time, calculates the equivalent climbing rate and unit starting of unit
The average attenuation rate of efficiency；
3.4) according to the average attenuation rate of unit starting efficiency, the optimization Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule that different periods unit restores is determined；
3.5) the optimization Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule restored according to determining different periods unit, using Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm to the machine of foundation
Group is restored sorting consistence model and is solved, and the optimal recovery sequence of unit is obtained.
5. a kind of unit for considering starting efficiency decaying as claimed in claim 4 restores sorting consistence method, it is characterised in that:
In the step 3.2), the unit recovery and optimization model for considering starting efficiency decaying includes with the quasi- starting unit of day part
The sum of equivalent climbing rate is up to the objective function and constraint condition of unit sorting consistence, the calculating of the optimization object function
Formula are as follows:
In formula, NTFor this period unit number to be restored；ciIndicate whether unit i puts into this period, otherwise it is 0 that putting into, which is 1,；
The constraint condition includes that trend constraint, idle constraint and unit self-excitation magnetic confinement and system restore power constraint, meter
Formula is calculated to be respectively as follows:
A, trend constraint
Equality constraint:
Wherein, the node of j ∈ i, the label j after indicating ∑ number must directly be connected with node i, include the case where j=i；PiFor section
Point i active injection；QiFor the idle injection of node i, UiFor node i voltage modulus value, θijFor the phase difference of voltage of node i and node j；
Inequality constraints:
In formula, NGFor total number of units of unit in recovery system；WithThe minimum and maximum of respectively unit i is active out
Power limit value；WithThe minimum and maximum of respectively unit i is idle power output limit value；UjFor node j voltage,With
The voltage minimum and maximum value that respectively node j allows under normal circumstances；NLFor the route number restored, PL,lFor on route l
The active power flowed through, PLmax,lThe maximum power for allowing to convey under normal circumstances for route l；fminAnd fmaxFor system permission
Frequency minimum and maximum value；
B, idle constraint and unit self-excitation magnetic confinement:
In formula, QL,jFor route j (j=1,2 ..., NL) charging reactive power；NKFor load bus number, Q in recovery schemer
(t) for node r (r=1,2 ..., NK) in the reactive power of t moment institute's on-load consumption；QBmax,iIt (t) is unit i in t moment
The absorbent maximum reactive power of institute, K1For idle coefficient of reliability, 0 < K1≤1；
C, system restores power constraint:
In formula, Pcr,iFor unit i to be launched (i=1,2 ..., NT) needed for startup power；Pj(t) for node j (j=1,
2,...,NK) in the active power of t moment institute's on-load consumption；PM,l(t) be t moment unit l (l=1,2 ..., NG) can mention
The maximum active power supplied, K2For active coefficient of reliability, 0 < K2≤1。
6. a kind of unit for considering starting efficiency decaying as claimed in claim 4 restores sorting consistence method, it is characterised in that:
In the step 3.3), the equivalent climbing rate of the unit are as follows:
Keq,i(τ)=PM,i/ T (i, τ),
In formula, PM,iFor the nominal output of unit i, T (i, τ) be unit i when steam turbine temperature is τ from obtaining station service
Start to start to contribute and reaches the maximum required time；
The average attenuation rate of the unit starting efficiency are as follows:
In formula, τ1And τ2Cylinder temperature when respectively unit i has a power failure and cylinder temperature when restoring electricity；t1And t2Respectively machine
It organizes the i power failure moment and restores electricity the moment.
7. a kind of unit for considering starting efficiency decaying as claimed in claim 4 restores sorting consistence method, it is characterised in that:
In the step 3.4), when determining the optimization Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule that different periods unit restores, decayed according to the starting efficiency of each unit
Rate and starting time are determined, and are equipped with m unit J1,J2,...,JmWait-to-Restore, power plant is respectively t the starting time1,
t2,...,tm, each unit attenuation rate in waiting time to be launched is respectively Wi(i=1,2 ..., m), then when meeting following item
When part:
It then determines in the period, unit recovery and optimization sequence are as follows: J1>J2>…>Jm。
8. a kind of unit for considering starting efficiency decaying as claimed in claim 4 restores sorting consistence method, it is characterised in that:
In the step 3.5), according to the optimization Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule that determining different periods unit restores, using Multiple-population Genetic Algorithm pair
The unit of foundation restores sorting consistence model and is solved, the method for obtaining the optimal recovery sequence of unit, comprising the following steps:
3.5.1 electrical network parameter) is inputted, is initialized: segment labeling k=0 when enabling, time t=0, black starting-up power on time
For t0；Period interval is set as △ tk, △ t0=t0；Optimum individual at least keeps algebra to be set as Maxgen；
3.5.2 t=t+ △ t) is enabledk, k=k+1, counting this period available startup power P and can restore unit set WGkIf
WGkFor sky, step 3.5.10 is carried out)；Otherwise basis can restore unit set WGkRandom initializtion population and genetic algorithm parameter,
And carry out step 3.5.3)；
3.5.3 the unit that present period recovery) is determined according to the coding of chromosome in initialization population, in conjunction with dijkstra's algorithm
Search for restoration path；
3.5.4 Load flow calculation) is carried out to the rack of formation and carries out step if calculation of tidal current meets verification condition
3.5.5)；Otherwise by unit according to tl/Wl(1≤l≤NT) ascending sequence arranges, and modifies chromosome, it will come last
1 unit of being encoded in face is changed to 0, and return step 3.5.3) it rerouting and verifies；
3.5.5 the chromosome that verification passes through) is divided into multiple populations, the chromosome of each population is carried out according to different control parameters
Selection intersects, mutation operation, obtains multiple populations of a new generation；The chromosome of each new population is verified, obtains meeting about
Multiple populations of new generation of beam condition；
3.5.6 the various maximum chromosomes of multiple targets value of a new generation) are determined as elite chromosome, by the smallest dyeing of target value
Body is determined as most bad chromosome；The most bad chromosome of other populations is replaced with the elite chromosome of different population respectively, completes to move
People's operation, and by each population elite genome of artificial selection operator extraction at elite population；
3.5.7 the optimal chromosome in elite population) is found out, judges whether this optimal value is identical as previous suboptimum value, such as
Fruit is different, using target value the greater as optimal value；If identical, optimal retention value number adds 1；
3.5.8) judge whether optimal retention value reaches setting value Maxgen, if reached, carry out step 3.5.9)；Otherwise it returns
Step 3.5.5)；
3.5.9 the maximum scheme of this session target value) is selected as optimal case, return step 3.5.2) carry out subsequent period it is excellent
Change；
3.5.10 the unit for) exporting day part time and starting, obtains final scheme, calculating terminates.
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