CN109726642A - A kind of noise-reduction method of the distributed optical fiber vibration signal based on variation mode decomposition - Google Patents
A kind of noise-reduction method of the distributed optical fiber vibration signal based on variation mode decomposition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of noise-reduction methods of distributed optical fiber vibration signal based on variation mode decomposition, it include: to obtain distributed optical fiber vibration signal, variation mode decomposition is carried out to distributed optical fiber vibration signal, original signal can be both divided into the component of different modalities, the high-frequency noise in vibration signal can be filtered out in decomposable process again, the high-frequency noise of vibration signal is filtered out, there is preferable SNR estimation and compensation performance；Wavelet packet threshold denoising is carried out to each modal components respectively, the noise of the types such as shot noise and the low-frequency noise in ambient noise can be further filtered out；To treated, signal is reconstructed, the fiber-optic vibration data after obtaining noise reduction, can effectively improve the accuracy of the signal-to-noise ratio and fiber-optic vibration signal processing of fiber-optic vibration data.
Description
Technical field
This application involves vibration signal processing technical field more particularly to a kind of distributed light based on variation mode decomposition
The noise-reduction method of fine vibration signal.
Background technique
Distribution type fiber-optic interferes vibration detecting system to have, and high sensitivity, signal processing real-time is good, monitoring distance is long, dynamic
The advantages that state detection range is big has received widespread attention and studies, and has applied to the fields such as long haul communication, important security protection
In position monitor.
Since distribution type fiber-optic interference vibration detecting system belongs to interference-type sensor-based system, system external circle environment is very quick
Often there is ambient noise in sense, the disturbing signal detected.These ambient noises mainly include thermal noise, shot noise and low frequency
Noise.When signal is affected by noise very big, useful signal may be submerged in noise completely, can not accurately carry out vibration letter
Number detection, it is therefore necessary to interference signal carry out denoising.Currently, common signal analysis method is Fourier's change
It changes, adding window Fourier transformation, wavelet analysis, empirical mode decomposition method.
But empirical mode decomposition method is there are modal overlap, end effect, noiseproof feature is poor, lacks stringent number
The defects of learning basis, causes the technology of relatively low, fiber-optic vibration signal processing the poor accuracy of the noise of fiber-optic vibration data to be asked
Topic.
Summary of the invention
This application provides a kind of noise-reduction methods of distributed optical fiber vibration signal based on variation mode decomposition, to solve
The technical issues of noise of fiber-optic vibration data is relatively low in the prior art, poor accuracy of fiber-optic vibration signal processing.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the embodiment of the present application discloses following technical solution:
The embodiment of the present application discloses a kind of noise-reduction method of distributed optical fiber vibration signal based on variation mode decomposition,
Include: to obtain distributed optical fiber vibration signal, variation mode decomposition is carried out to distributed optical fiber vibration signal；
Wavelet packet threshold denoising is carried out respectively to each modal components；
To treated, signal is reconstructed, the fiber-optic vibration data after obtaining noise reduction.
Optionally, it is described to distributed optical fiber vibration signal carry out variation mode decomposition include: variational problem construction and
To the Solving Variational Problem.
Optionally, the construction of the variational problem includes:
Vibration signal y (t) is resolved into K modal components, for each modal components uk(t), Hilbert transformation is carried out
Obtain its analytic signal and unilateral frequency spectrum:
One centre frequency is estimated to each analytic signalAnd by the spectrum modulation of each mode to base band:
Two norm of gradient for calculating demodulated signal, estimates the bandwidth of each mode signals, thus constructs variational methods problem:
In formula, K is the number of modal components, { uk}={ u1, u2..., uKIt is to decompose resulting K modal components,
{ωk}={ ω1, ω2..., ωKBe each mode centre frequency.
Above-mentioned variational problem is converted to by restrictive problem using secondary penalty factor α and Lagrange operator λ (t)
Non-binding problem.α can be used for ensuring the reconstruction accuracy of signal, and λ (t) is used to ensure the stringency of model constraint condition.Transformation
Obtain Lagrange function L (uk(t), { ωk, λ):
Optionally, described to include: to Solving Variational Problem process
Data initialization enables n=1, initialization
Update n=n+1；
K=1:K is enabled, u is updatedkAnd ωk:
Update λ:
Judgement: ifOutput modalities component { uk}；IfThen
The update n=n+1 is returned, is continued to run.
Optionally, the wavelet packet threshold denoising that carries out respectively to each modal components includes:
According to the feature of signal processed, suitable wavelet function is selected to carry out N layers of WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION；
Suitable threshold function table is selected to carry out threshold value quantizing processing to the wavelet packet coefficient of each layer；
Remove the noise wavelet packet coefficient on the prevailing scale of noise component(s)；
The wavelet packet coefficient left is reconstructed, the signal after being denoised.
Compared with prior art, the application has the beneficial effect that
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of noise-reduction method of distributed optical fiber vibration signal based on variation mode decomposition,
Include: to obtain distributed optical fiber vibration signal, variation mode decomposition is carried out to distributed optical fiber vibration signal, it both can be by original letter
Number it is divided into the component of different modalities, and the high-frequency noise in vibration signal can be filtered out in decomposable process, to the height of vibration signal
Frequency noise is filtered out, and has preferable SNR estimation and compensation performance；Wavelet packet threshold denoising is carried out respectively to each modal components, it can
Further filter out the noise of the types such as shot noise and the low-frequency noise in ambient noise；To treated, signal is reconstructed,
Fiber-optic vibration data after obtaining noise reduction can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of fiber-optic vibration data and the standard of fiber-optic vibration signal processing
Exactness.
It should be understood that above general description and following detailed description be only it is exemplary and explanatory, not
The application can be limited.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of the application, letter will be made to attached drawing needed in the embodiment below
Singly introduce, it should be apparent that, for those of ordinary skills, without creative efforts, also
Other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without any creative labor.
Fig. 1 is a kind of noise reduction side of the distributed optical fiber vibration signal in variation mode decomposition provided by the embodiments of the present application
The schematic diagram of method；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of a kind of pair of Solving Variational Problem process provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 3 is that a kind of Sagnac type distribution based on 3 × 3 couplers provided by the embodiments of the present application interferes vibrating sensing
System structure diagram；
Fig. 4 is the fiber-optic vibration signal graph containing ambient noise all the way provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 5 is the time-domain diagram provided by the embodiments of the present application for decomposing resulting each modal components；
Fig. 6 is each mode time-domain diagram after wavelet packet threshold deniosing provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 7 is the de-noising signal map after reconstruct provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Wherein: 1- wide spectrum light source, 2- optoisolator, 3- circulator, the coupler of 4-3 × 3,5- time delay optical fiber, 6- faraday
Polariscope (FRM), 7- photoelectric detector PD1, 8- photoelectric detector PD2, 9- high-speed data acquisition card, 10- disturbance point, 11- calculating
Machine.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the application, below in conjunction with the application reality
The attached drawing in example is applied, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only some embodiments of the present application, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, the common skill in this field
The application protection all should belong in art personnel every other embodiment obtained without making creative work
Range.
As shown in Figure 1, being a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration signal in variation mode decomposition provided by the embodiments of the present application
Noise-reduction method schematic diagram；
This application provides a kind of noise-reduction method of distributed optical fiber vibration signal based on variation mode decomposition, specific side
Case is as follows:
Firstly, obtaining distributed optical fiber vibration signal, variation mode decomposition is carried out to distributed optical fiber vibration signal；Its
In: variation mode decomposition, construction and solution including variational problem are carried out to the distributed optical fiber vibration signal of acquisition.
Specific step is as follows:
Vibration signal y (t) is resolved into K modal components, for each modal components uk(t), Hilbert transformation is carried out
Obtain its analytic signal and unilateral frequency spectrum:
One centre frequency is estimated to each analytic signalAnd by the spectrum modulation of each mode to base band:
Two norm of gradient for calculating demodulated signal, estimates the bandwidth of each mode signals, thus constructs variational methods problem:
In formula, K is the number of modal components, { uk}={ u1, u2..., uKIt is to decompose resulting K modal components,
{ωk}={ ω1, ω2..., ωKBe each mode centre frequency.
Above-mentioned variational problem is converted to by restrictive problem using secondary penalty factor α and Lagrange operator λ (t)
Non-binding problem.α can be used for ensuring the reconstruction accuracy of signal, and λ (t) is used to ensure the stringency of model constraint condition.Transformation
Obtain Lagrange function L (u shown in formula (4)k(t), { ωk, λ):
It is logical using multiplier alternating direction method (Alternate Direction Method of Multipliers, ADMM)
It crosses iteration and updates uk n+1、ωk n+1、λn+1The saddle point of solution formula (4), wherein be convenient for calculating, by uk n+1、ωk n+1Problems of value
It is converted to strip method, specific steps are as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a kind of pair of Solving Variational Problem mistake provided by the embodiments of the present application
The schematic diagram of journey.
Data initialization enables n=1, initialization
Update n=n+1；
K=1:K is enabled, u is updatedk、ωk,
Update λ:
Judgement: ifOutput modalities component { uk}；IfThen
The update n=n+1 is returned, is continued to run.
Variation mode decomposition is substantially adaptive Wiener filtering group, can be filtered to the high-frequency noise of vibration signal
It removes, has many advantages, such as preferable SNR estimation and compensation performance, while having that modal overlap phenomenon is unobvious, effectively reduces pseudo- component, fit
Noise reduction process for fiber-optic vibration signal.
Secondly, carrying out wavelet packet threshold denoising respectively to each modal components.According to the feature of signal processed, selection is closed
Suitable wavelet function carries out N layers of WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION；The suitable threshold function table of reselection carries out threshold value to the wavelet packet coefficient of each layer
Quantification treatment；The wavelet packet coefficient left in this way is essentially the wavelet packet coefficient of useful signal, and removal noise component(s) is predominantly
Noise wavelet packet coefficient on the scale of position；The wavelet packet coefficient left in this way is essentially the wavelet packet coefficient of useful signal.Again
The wavelet packet coefficient left is reconstructed, the signal after being denoised.
Wavelet packet threshold denoising is a kind of more fine signal analysis method, can be carried out to the frequency band of signal multi-level
It divides, the high frequency and low frequency part to signal are made further to decompose, and time frequency resolution with higher is conducive to improve vibration
The signal-to-noise ratio of signal.
Finally, to treated, signal is reconstructed, the fiber-optic vibration data after obtaining noise reduction.
The effect realized in order to better illustrate the present invention, is provided below real case, is further described based on variation mould
The noise-reduction method for the distributed optical fiber vibration signal that state is decomposed.
As shown in figure 3, for a kind of Sagnac type distribution interference based on 3 × 3 couplers provided by the embodiments of the present application
Vibration sensing system structural schematic diagram；
The system is by wide spectrum light source 1, optoisolator 2, circulator 3,3 × 3 couplers 4, length LdTime delay optical fiber 5,
Faraday mirror (FRM) 6, photodetector (PD1) 7, photodetector (PD2) 8, high-speed data acquisition card 9, computer 11
It is formed with sensor fibre etc..Sensor fibre is used to pick up external disturbance signal, applies external disturbance signal at disturbance point 11.If
Disturbance point Distance-sensing optical fiber tail-end face Lx, multichannel light is formed in systems from the light wave of light source sending, the two-way interfered
Light wave is respectively as follows:
Optical path 1: light source → I → IV → FRM → II → V → III → PD2
Optical path 2: light source → I → V → II → FRM → IV → I → PD1
Two-way light wave is same light source sending, the propagation optical path by equal length, because the time by disturbance point is different
And phase difference is generated, stable interference can be formed in 3*3 coupler 4.Disturbance letter is restored by 3*3 coupler demodulation method
Number.
As shown in figure 4, being the fiber-optic vibration signal graph containing ambient noise all the way provided by the embodiments of the present application.In disturbance point
Optical fiber is tapped at 10, to obtain the distributed optical fiber vibration time domain waveform containing ambient noise, in computer 11 with two-way
In interference signal all the way for.
Variation mode decomposition is carried out to signal first, parameter is chosen are as follows: mode number K=4, secondary penalty factor α=2000,
Decompose the time-domain diagram of resulting each modal components.As shown in figure 5, decomposing resulting each mode point to be provided by the embodiments of the present application
The time-domain diagram of amount.
Variation mode decomposition can filter out the high-frequency noise of vibration signal, have preferable SNR estimation and compensation performance.By
Also comprising the noise of other types in ambient noise, therefore wavelet packet threshold deniosing is carried out to each modal components again, it can be to each
Types noise further filters out, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of vibration signal.The WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION number of plies is set as 3 layers, wavelet basis function selects
Db10 is taken, function is handled using " rigrsure " threshold value criterion and soft-threshold, obtains vibration signal map as shown in FIG. 6.Such as
It is each mode time-domain diagram after wavelet packet threshold deniosing provided by the embodiments of the present application shown in Fig. 6.
The time-domain diagram of each mode is subjected to addition reconstruct, the fiber optic interferometric after obtaining noise reduction vibrates map, as shown in fig. 7,
For the de-noising signal map after reconstruct provided by the embodiments of the present application.
The embodiment of the present application uses the noise reduction algorithm of variation mode decomposition and wavelet packet threshold value, can be effectively by vibration signal
Signal-to-noise ratio improve, be conducive to subsequent feature extraction.Meanwhile for eliminate vibration signal amplitude variation to disturbing signal reduction and
The influence of positioning is normalized signal in subsequent phase retrieving algorithm.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of noise-reduction method of distributed optical fiber vibration signal based on variation mode decomposition,
Include: to obtain distributed optical fiber vibration signal, variation mode decomposition is carried out to distributed optical fiber vibration signal, it both can be by original letter
Number it is divided into the component of different modalities, and the high-frequency noise in vibration signal can be filtered out in decomposable process, to the height of vibration signal
Frequency noise is filtered out, and has preferable SNR estimation and compensation performance；Wavelet packet threshold denoising is carried out respectively to each modal components, it can
Further filter out the noise of the types such as shot noise and the low-frequency noise in ambient noise；To treated, signal is reconstructed,
Fiber-optic vibration data after obtaining noise reduction can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of fiber-optic vibration data and the standard of fiber-optic vibration signal processing
Exactness.
It should be noted that in the present specification, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to
Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the circuit structure, article or the equipment that include a series of elements not only include those elements,
It but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include solid by this circuit structure, article or equipment
Some elements.In the absence of more restrictions, the element for thering is sentence "including a ..." to limit, it is not excluded that including
There is also other identical elements in the circuit structure of the element, article or equipment.
Those skilled in the art will readily occur to its of the application after considering specification and practicing the disclosure invented here
His embodiment.This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention, these modifications, purposes or
Person's adaptive change follows the general principle of the application and including the undocumented common knowledge in the art of the application
Or conventional techniques.The description and examples are only to be considered as illustrative, and the true scope and spirit of the application are wanted by right
The content asked is pointed out.
Above-described the application embodiment does not constitute the restriction to the application protection scope.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of noise-reduction method of the distributed optical fiber vibration signal based on variation mode decomposition characterized by comprising
Distributed optical fiber vibration signal is obtained, variation mode decomposition is carried out to distributed optical fiber vibration signal；
Wavelet packet threshold denoising is carried out respectively to each modal components；
To treated, signal is reconstructed, the fiber-optic vibration data after obtaining noise reduction.
2. the noise-reduction method of distributed optical fiber vibration signal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to distribution
It includes: the construction of variational problem and to Solving Variational Problem that fiber-optic vibration signal, which carries out variation mode decomposition,.
3. the noise-reduction method of distributed optical fiber vibration signal according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the variational problem
The process of construction include:
Vibration signal y (t) is resolved into K modal components, for each modal components uk(t), Hilbert is carried out to convert to obtain
Its analytic signal and unilateral frequency spectrum:
One centre frequency is estimated to each analytic signalAnd by the spectrum modulation of each mode to base band:
Two norm of gradient for calculating demodulated signal, estimates the bandwidth of each mode signals, thus constructs variational methods problem:
In formula, K is the number of modal components, { uk}={ u1, u2..., uKIt is to decompose resulting K modal components, { ωk}=
{ω1, ω2..., ωKBe each mode centre frequency；
Using secondary penalty factor α and Lagrange operator λ (t) by above-mentioned variational problem by restrictive problem be converted to it is non-about
Beam problem；α can be used for ensuring the reconstruction accuracy of signal, and λ (t) is used to ensure the stringency of model constraint condition；
Transformation obtains Lagrange function L (u shown in formula (4)k(t), { ωk, λ):
4. the noise-reduction method of distributed optical fiber vibration signal according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described to ask variation
Topic solves
Data initialization enables n=1, initialization
Update n=n+1；
K=1:K is enabled, u is updatedkAnd ωk:
λ is updated,
Judgement, ifOutput modalities component { uk}；
IfThe update n=n+1 is then returned, is continued to run.
5. the noise-reduction method of distributed optical fiber vibration signal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to each mould
State component carries out wavelet packet threshold denoising respectively
According to the feature of signal processed, suitable wavelet function is selected to carry out N layers of WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION；
Suitable threshold function table is selected to carry out threshold value quantizing processing to the wavelet packet coefficient of each layer；
Remove the noise wavelet packet coefficient on the prevailing scale of noise component(s)；
The wavelet packet coefficient left is reconstructed, the signal after being denoised.
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