CN109724760B - Tower crane safety state detection and evaluation system - Google Patents
Tower crane safety state detection and evaluation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a tower crane safety state detection and evaluation system, which comprises an excitation device, at least one vibration signal detection sensor, a signal acquisition device and a signal analysis system; the excitation device is used for exciting the tower crane to generate vibration; the vibration signal detection sensor is used for acquiring vibration signals of specified characteristic points on the structure of the tower crane, and respectively acquiring sample signals of the tower crane when the tower crane leaves a factory and signals to be detected when the tower crane is to be detected; the signal acquisition device is used for receiving the sample signals and the signals to be detected which are acquired by the vibration signal detection sensors, and the signal analysis system is used for carrying out comparative analysis on the sample signals and the signals to be detected so as to evaluate the safety and reliability of the tower crane. Signals obtained by the system are all reflected by actual specific structures, so that the analysis result is more accurate, and the error is smaller.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a safety state detection and evaluation system of a tower crane.
Background
The safety is an important index for judging the performance of the tower crane, but the safety of the whole tower crane is mainly reflected in the safety of a metal structure. The tower crane has a complex steel structure, the model simplification reliability is low, the result error obtained by the traditional calculation mode is large, and after the tower crane is used for a long time, the crane can reach the service life too early due to early corrosion and breakage of the steel structure of the crane caused by improper maintenance and other factors, so that a system for detecting and evaluating the safety state of the tower crane needs to be researched and developed, and the safety state of the tower crane is very necessary to be evaluated reliably.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the present disclosure provides a tower crane safety state detection and evaluation system.
In order to achieve the above object, the system for detecting and evaluating the safety state of the tower crane provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes an excitation device, at least one vibration signal detection sensor, a signal acquisition device and a signal analysis system;
the excitation device is arranged at a first fixed position of the tower crane and is used for exciting the tower crane by using the same fixed excitation parameters respectively when the tower crane leaves a factory and is to be detected so as to generate vibration;
the vibration signal detection sensor is arranged at a second fixed position of the tower crane and used for collecting vibration signals of specified characteristic points on the structure of the tower crane when the tower crane is excited by the excitation device, and the vibration signals are respectively used as sample signals when the tower crane leaves a factory and signals to be detected when the tower crane is to be detected;
the signal acquisition device is in signal connection with the vibration signal detection sensors and is used for receiving the sample signals and the signals to be detected which are acquired by the vibration signal detection sensors, respectively storing the sample signals and the signals to be detected and transmitting the sample signals and the signals to be detected to the signal analysis system;
the signal analysis system is used for carrying out comparative analysis on the sample signal and the signal to be detected to obtain information of signal variation or a variation signal, and identifying potential safety hazards which may exist locally or globally of the tower crane so as to evaluate the safety and reliability of the tower crane.
Optionally, the sample signal is a set of new machine initial signal samples obtained by exciting the tower crane with a set of fixed excitation parameters when the tower crane leaves a factory newly; the signal to be detected is a group of vibration signals measured when the periodic safety detection is carried out on the signal to be detected according to the actual working state of the tower crane, and the vibration signals are used for carrying out contrastive analysis on the vibration signals and the sample signals.
Optionally, the excitation device has a polarization variable frequency excitation function.
Optionally, the signal analysis system researches and analyzes the structural failure state according to the characteristics of the signal variation, performs comparative analysis on the signal to be detected and the sample signal, and evaluates the safety and reliability of the tower crane.
Optionally, the researching and analyzing the structural failure state according to the characteristics of the signal variation specifically includes:
respectively carrying out Hilbert transformation on the signal to be detected and the sample signal to obtain a transformed signal image; taking the sample signal as a standard, and analyzing and calculating to obtain a new sample signal amplitude envelope curve; if the image of the signal to be detected after conversion is in the envelope of the new sample signal, the signal to be detected meets the envelope analysis, and the performance of the tower crane is normal and the safety state is qualified; if the image of the signal to be detected after conversion is not in the envelope of the new sample signal, the signal to be detected does not meet the envelope analysis, which shows that the performance of the tower crane has obvious decline and the safety state is unqualified;
and/or
Respectively carrying out Wegener distribution on the signal to be detected and the sample signal, and if the amplitude of the Wegener distribution of the signal to be detected and the amplitude of the Wegener distribution of the sample signal are stable along the direction of a frequency coordinate axis, indicating that the Wegener distribution is met and the performance of the tower crane is not obviously changed; if amplitude modulation occurs along the direction of the frequency coordinate axis, the Wegener distribution is not satisfied, and the performance of the tower crane is obviously changed.
Optionally, when the signal simultaneously satisfies envelope analysis and wegener distribution, the safety state of the tower crane is qualified; and when the signal does not meet any one of the envelope analysis and the Wegener distribution, the safety state of the tower crane is unqualified.
In the technical scheme, the tower crane which is newly delivered from a factory and is to be detected is directly excited by the excitation device, the vibration signal detection sensor detects the vibration signal of the detected position and the vibration signal is used as the sample signal and the signal to be detected respectively and is directly transmitted to the signal analysis system for analysis through the signal acquisition device, model simplification is not needed, the obtained signals are all reflected by actual specific structures, and therefore the result obtained by analysis is more accurate and the error is smaller.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a security state detection and evaluation system according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an installation location of the safety status detection and evaluation system according to FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation location of the excitation device shown in FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the installation position of the vibration signal detecting sensor according to fig. 2;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the installation position of the vibration signal detecting sensor according to fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The safety state detection and evaluation system of the tower crane performs vibration test on the tower crane when the tower crane leaves a factory, stores initial vibration data, repeatedly vibrates at the same position with the same excitation parameters after being used for a period of time, detects new vibration signal data, and analyzes and compares the new vibration signal data with the initial vibration data, so that the safety state of the tower crane is analyzed.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a security state detection and evaluation system according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, the system may include an excitation device, at least one vibration signal detection sensor, a signal acquisition device, and a signal analysis system;
the excitation device is arranged at a first fixed position of the tower crane and is used for exciting the tower crane by using the same fixed excitation parameters respectively when the tower crane leaves a factory and is to be detected so as to generate vibration;
specifically, the excitation device is a vibration generation system capable of changing vibration frequency, has a polarization frequency conversion excitation function, is fixed at a certain fixed position of a tower crane, and excites the tower crane with the same fixed excitation parameters (such as fixed frequency) respectively when the tower crane is newly delivered from a factory and needs to be subjected to safety detection, so that the tower crane generates vibration.
Further, the fixing position of the excitation device may be, for example, a lower edge 31 on the upper turntable 3 of the tower crane, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, or may be fixed to another position on the upper turntable 3, or may be another problem of the tower crane, and the embodiment is not particularly limited.
The vibration signal detection sensor is arranged at a second fixed position of the tower crane and used for collecting vibration signals of specified characteristic points on the structure of the tower crane when the tower crane is excited by the excitation device, and the vibration signals are respectively used as sample signals when the tower crane leaves a factory and signals to be detected when the tower crane is to be detected;
further, as shown in fig. 2, 4-5, the setting position of the vibration signal detection sensor may be, for example, one or more positions on the balance arm 1 of the tower crane, such as the first truss joint 11, the second truss joint 12, and the third truss joint 13, one or more positions on the boom 2 of the tower crane, such as the fourth truss joint 21, the fifth truss joint 22, the sixth truss joint 23, and the seventh truss joint 24, or multiple positions on both the balance arm 1 and the boom 2, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the vibration signal detection sensors may be a plurality of vibration signal detection sensors, and are respectively disposed at fixed positions of a plurality of designated feature points on the tower crane structure, so as to simultaneously detect safety states of a plurality of portions of the tower crane.
In a specific embodiment, the sample signal may be a set (multiple) of initial signal samples of a new tower crane measured by exciting the tower crane with a set of fixed excitation parameters when the tower crane leaves a factory, and storing the initial signal samples; the signal to be detected can be a group of (several) vibration signals detected when the tower crane is periodically and safely detected according to the actual working state of the tower crane, and is used for carrying out contrastive analysis on the vibration signals and the sample signals.
In the same tower crane, the orientation of the vibration excitation device and the vibration signal sensor during detection is the same as that during factory detection, and the vibration parameters of the vibration excitation device are the same.
The signal acquisition device is in signal connection with the vibration signal detection sensors and is used for receiving the sample signals and the signals to be detected which are acquired by the vibration signal detection sensors, respectively storing the sample signals and the signals to be detected and transmitting the sample signals and the signals to be detected to the signal analysis system;
the signal analysis system is used for carrying out comparative analysis on the sample signal and the signal to be detected to obtain signal variation information or variation signals, and identifying potential safety hazards which may exist locally or globally of the tower crane, so that the safety and reliability of the tower crane are evaluated, and potential safety hazard problems which may exist locally or globally are identified.
Furthermore, the signal analysis system can research and analyze the failure state of the structure according to the characteristics of signal variation, compare and analyze the signal to be detected and the sample signal, and evaluate the safety and reliability of the tower crane.
In one embodiment, the analytical evaluation process comprises:
respectively carrying out Hilbert transformation on the signal to be detected and the sample signal to obtain a transformed signal image; taking the sample signal as a standard, and analyzing and calculating to obtain a new sample signal amplitude envelope curve; if the image of the signal to be detected after conversion is in the envelope of the new sample signal, the signal to be detected meets the envelope analysis, and the performance of the tower crane is normal and the safety state is qualified; if the image of the signal to be detected after conversion is not in the envelope of the new sample signal, the signal to be detected does not meet the envelope analysis, which shows that the performance of the tower crane has obvious decline and the safety state is unqualified.
Specifically, based on the magnitude envelope analysis of the hilbert transform, the functions of the signal to be detected and the sample signal can be respectively expressed as x0(t) and x1(t), and the hilbert transform is performed on two groups of signals, where the hilbert transform function is:
where t is time, τ is time lag, x (t) is the measured signal,for the transformed signal, H [ ·]The hilbert transform operator.
The hilbert transform envelope is:
thereby obtaining a signal envelope image after Hilbert transform; calculating a sample signal, increasing the original amplitude by 7% of the original amplitude to obtain a new sample signal amplitude envelope curve, comparing and analyzing the acquired image after the signal to be detected is converted with the new sample signal amplitude envelope curve image, and if the image after the signal to be detected is converted is in the new sample signal amplitude envelope curve, indicating that the signal to be detected meets the envelope analysis; if the image of the signal to be detected after conversion is not in the new sample signal amplitude envelope curve, the signal to be detected does not meet the envelope analysis, and the performance of the tower crane is obviously degraded.
In another embodiment, the analytical evaluation process comprises:
respectively carrying out Wegener distribution on the signal to be detected and the sample signal, and if the amplitude of the Wegener distribution of the signal to be detected and the amplitude of the Wegener distribution of the sample signal are stable along the direction of a frequency coordinate axis, indicating that the Wegener distribution is met, indicating that the performance of the tower crane is not obviously changed and the safety state is qualified; if amplitude modulation occurs along the direction of the frequency coordinate axis, the Wegener distribution is not satisfied, the performance of the tower crane is obviously changed, and the safety state is unqualified.
Specifically, Wegener distribution is respectively carried out on the signal to be detected and the sample signal to obtain a new function image; wherein the Wegener distribution function is:
where t is time, f is frequency, x is the signal, and τ is the time lag.
After a three-dimensional image of the Wegener distribution is obtained according to the function, the Wegener distribution condition of the signal to be detected is analyzed and compared with a sample signal, and if the amplitude along the direction of the frequency coordinate axis is stable, the performance of the tower crane is not obviously changed; if the amplitude is obviously increased along the direction of the frequency coordinate axis, the performance of the tower crane is obviously changed.
Certainly, when the signals simultaneously meet envelope analysis and Wegener distribution, the safety state of the tower crane is qualified; and when the signal does not meet any one of the envelope analysis and the Wegener distribution, the safety state of the tower crane can be indicated to be unqualified.
According to the safety state detection and evaluation system for the tower crane, the tower crane is directly excited by the excitation device, the vibration signal of the detected position is detected by the vibration signal detection sensor, and is directly transmitted to the computer for analysis through the signal acquisition device without model simplification, the specific positions of the actual conditions of each part can be tested, and the actual structure is not completely fit with the theory due to factors such as errors and environment when a metal structure is welded, so that the analysis result is more accurate compared with the traditional calculation, the obtained signals are all reflected by the actual specific structure, and the result error obtained by analysis is smaller; moreover, the system is a complete system, is simple in composition, is concise and convenient to install and test, and can be used without relevant professional knowledge.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations will not be separately described in this disclosure.
In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. A safety state detection and evaluation system of a tower crane is characterized by comprising an excitation device, at least one vibration signal detection sensor, a signal acquisition device and a signal analysis system;
the excitation device is arranged at a first fixed position of the tower crane and is used for exciting the tower crane by using the same fixed excitation parameters respectively when the tower crane leaves a factory and is to be detected so as to generate vibration;
the vibration signal detection sensor is arranged at a second fixed position of the tower crane and is used for collecting vibration signals of specified characteristic points on the structure of the tower crane when the tower crane is excited by the excitation device and respectively used as sample signals when the tower crane leaves a factory and signals to be detected when the tower crane is to be detected;
the signal acquisition device is in signal connection with the vibration signal detection sensors and is used for receiving the sample signals and the signals to be detected which are acquired by the vibration signal detection sensors, respectively storing the sample signals and the signals to be detected and transmitting the sample signals and the signals to be detected to the signal analysis system;
the signal analysis system is used for carrying out comparative analysis on the sample signal and the signal to be detected to obtain information of signal variation or a variation signal, and identifying potential safety hazards which may exist locally or globally of the tower crane so as to evaluate the safety and reliability of the tower crane;
according to the characteristic research and analysis structure failure state of signal variation, the specific steps of carrying out comparative analysis on the signal to be detected and the sample signal comprise:
respectively carrying out Hilbert transformation on the signal to be detected and the sample signal to obtain a transformed signal image; taking the sample signal as a standard, and analyzing and calculating to obtain a new sample signal amplitude envelope curve; if the image of the signal to be detected after conversion is in the envelope of the new sample signal, the signal to be detected meets the envelope analysis, and the performance of the tower crane is normal and the safety state is qualified; if the image of the signal to be detected after conversion is not in the envelope of the new sample signal, the signal to be detected does not meet the envelope analysis, which shows that the performance of the tower crane has obvious decline and the safety state is unqualified;
and/or
Respectively carrying out Wegener distribution on the signal to be detected and the sample signal, and if the amplitude of the Wegener distribution of the signal to be detected and the amplitude of the Wegener distribution of the sample signal are stable along the direction of a frequency coordinate axis, indicating that the Wegener distribution is met and the performance of the tower crane is not obviously changed; if amplitude modulation occurs along the direction of the frequency coordinate axis, the Wegener distribution is not satisfied, and the performance of the tower crane is obviously changed.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sample signal is a set of initial signal samples of a new crane measured by exciting the tower crane with a set of fixed excitation parameters when the tower crane leaves a factory; the signal to be detected is a group of vibration signals measured when the periodic safety detection is carried out on the signal to be detected according to the actual working state of the tower crane, and the vibration signals are used for carrying out contrastive analysis on the vibration signals and the sample signals.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the excitation device has a step-down variable frequency excitation function.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal analysis system analyzes the structural failure state according to the characteristic research of the signal variation, performs comparative analysis on the signal to be detected and the sample signal, and evaluates the safety and reliability of the tower crane.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein when the signal to be detected simultaneously satisfies envelope analysis and wegener distribution, the tower crane safety status is qualified; and when the signal to be detected does not meet any one of the envelope analysis and the Wegener distribution, the safety state of the tower crane is unqualified.
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