CN109723376B - Compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool and rock breaking method - Google Patents
Compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool and rock breaking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109723376B CN109723376B CN201910106308.7A CN201910106308A CN109723376B CN 109723376 B CN109723376 B CN 109723376B CN 201910106308 A CN201910106308 A CN 201910106308A CN 109723376 B CN109723376 B CN 109723376B
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A compression ignition type positive action power hammer drill and a rock breaking method are provided, wherein the drill comprises a shell, a mixing chamber, a combustion chamber, an upper piston, a lower piston, an upper exhaust port, a lower exhaust port, a hammer, an anvil, a drill bit, an air inlet pipe and an oil injection pipe. The rock breaking method comprises the following steps: the air and fuel mixed uniformly in the mixing chamber enter the combustion chamber through the upper exhaust port, the lower piston ascends to compress the mixed gas in the combustion chamber, the mixed gas is compressed to generate high pressure by compression ignition, the lower piston and the impact hammer are pushed to rapidly descend, the hammer spring is compressed, the anvil and the drill bit are impacted at the bottom dead center, and rock at the bottom of the hole is crushed. The tail gas generated by compression ignition sweeps the hole bottom through the lower exhaust port and carries rock debris up to the surface. After the impact is finished, the hammer spring pushes the lower piston to ascend, and the mixed gas in the combustion chamber is compressed again. The repeated actions realize the continuous work of the compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool and continuously break the rock at the hole bottom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool and a rock breaking method.
Background
Percussion drilling is an important drilling method, and the method has high drilling efficiency and good drilling quality, so that the method is widely applied to the fields of foundation engineering construction and geological exploration. The power source of the impactor of the center member of the percussion drilling tool often determines the advantages and disadvantages of such an impactor. Currently, the existing impactors, such as the impactors proposed by the patent deep well drilling hydraulic jet impactors (CN 2385068Y) and the through type reverse circulation impactors (CN 203499555U), all rely on high-pressure liquid or gas as power. The impactor adopts high-pressure liquid flow as a power source, so that the requirements on pumping pressure are high, the energy utilization rate is not high, and the drill string is damaged greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool and a rock breaking method, wherein the drilling tool takes ultrahigh pressure generated by compression ignition of mixed gas of air and fuel as impact power, and the negative effect generated by using high-pressure fluid generated by a high pump pressure as power of a conventional power hammer drilling tool is avoided. And the discharged tail gas is utilized to carry rock scraps to return to the ground surface. The drilling efficiency is improved, and the input of energy sources is reduced.
A compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool comprises a shell, a mixing chamber, a combustion chamber, an upper piston, a lower piston, an upper exhaust port, a lower exhaust port, a hammer, an anvil, a drill bit, an air inlet pipe, an oil injection pipe and a hammer spring;
the shell is characterized in that a cylindrical cavity is formed in the center of the shell, four upper exhaust ports and four lower exhaust ports are formed in the outer side of the cylindrical cavity, the four upper exhaust ports are used for guiding mixed gas into a combustion chamber, and the four lower exhaust ports are used for exhausting combustion tail gas to the bottom of a hole and carrying rock debris to return upwards.
The mixing chamber is positioned at the top end of the shell, the top of the mixing chamber is connected with the air inlet pipe and the oil injection pipe, and the mixing chamber can uniformly mix injected air and fuel in a preset proportion.
The upper part of the combustion chamber is connected with an upper exhaust port to suck the uniformly mixed gas in the mixing chamber, and the lower part of the combustion chamber is provided with a lower piston and is communicated with the lower exhaust port; the combustion chamber is the place where the mixed gas is compression-ignited.
The upper piston and the lower piston can slide up and down in the cylindrical cavity, the upper piston is positioned in the mixing chamber, the lower piston is positioned in the combustion chamber, and the lower piston is connected with the impact hammer; the anvil is positioned below the impact hammer, the drill bit is arranged at the lower part of the anvil, and the hammer spring is positioned in the space below the lower piston;
The upper exhaust port is connected with the mixing chamber, the lower exhaust port is connected with the combustion chamber, and a one-way valve is arranged to prevent the mixed gas and the combustion tail gas in the combustion chamber from flowing back to the mixing chamber; the upper end of the lower exhaust port is communicated with the combustion chamber, and the lower end of the lower exhaust port is a free outlet.
A rock breaking method of a compression ignition type positive action power hammer drill tool comprises the following steps:
the compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool is lowered to the bottom of the hole, then a certain amount of air is injected through the air inlet pipe, a certain amount of fuel is injected through the oil injection pipe, and the injected fuel and air with proper proportion are uniformly mixed in the mixing chamber to form the combustible mixed gas. High-pressure air is slowly and continuously injected through an air inlet pipe, the pressure of a mixing chamber is increased, an upper piston and a lower piston are pushed to synchronously and slowly descend, a hammer spring is compressed simultaneously, when the descending position of the upper piston is lower than that of an upper exhaust port, mixed gas enters a combustion chamber through the upper exhaust port, meanwhile, due to the synchronous descending of the lower piston, the lower exhaust port is slowly opened, the mixed gas filled in the combustion chamber enters the hole bottom through the lower exhaust port, and the mixed gas returns to the ground surface through an annulus after purging the hole bottom. At this time, the lower piston is at the lower limit position, the combustion chamber is decompressed, the elastic force of the compressed hammer spring drives the upper piston and the lower piston to rapidly ascend together, the upper exhaust port and the lower exhaust port are closed, the mixed gas in the combustion chamber is instantaneously compressed, the pressure and the temperature rapidly rise, the ignition point of the fuel is reached, the fuel rapidly burns and violently, the pressure in the combustion chamber rapidly rises, the lower piston is pushed to descend, and the hammer spring is compressed. When the descending position of the lower piston is lower than the lower exhaust port, combustion tail gas enters the hole bottom through the lower exhaust port and returns to the surface collection and treatment equipment with rock debris, the combustion chamber is decompressed, the impact hammer and the lower piston continue to descend under the inertia effect, and the hammer spring is continuously compressed. At this time, the upper piston is positioned lower than the upper exhaust port, and the mixture in the mixing chamber enters the combustion chamber through the upper exhaust port. The lower piston and the impact hammer run to the bottom dead center, impact the anvil and the drill bit, and break the rock at the bottom of the hole. After the impact hammer impacts the anvil, the hammer spring begins to stretch, pushing the impact hammer and the lower piston to move upwards and compress the mixed gas in the combustion chamber. The repeated actions realize the continuous work of the compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool and continuously break the rock at the hole bottom.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention takes the ultrahigh pressure generated when fuel and air are compression-ignited as impact power, and compared with pneumatic and hydraulic impactors, the compression-ignition impactors do not need high pump pressure to generate high-pressure fluid, and have less energy loss and higher drilling efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a compression ignition positive action power hammer drill piston in an upper limit position.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a compression ignition positive action power hammer drill piston in a lower limit position.
In the figure: 1-hole wall, 2-mixing chamber, 3-upper piston, 4-upper exhaust port, 5-hammer spring, 6-lower exhaust port, 7-impact hammer, 8-anvil, 9-drill bit, 10-air inlet pipe, 11-oil injection pipe, 12-shell, 13-combustion chamber and 14-lower piston.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a compression ignition type positive power hammer drill comprises a casing 12, a mixing chamber 2, a combustion chamber 13, an upper piston 3, a lower piston 14, an upper exhaust port 4, a lower exhaust port 6, a hammer 7, an anvil 8, a drill bit 9, an air inlet pipe 10, an oil injection pipe 11 and a hammer spring 5;
the center of the shell 12 is provided with a cylindrical cavity, the outer side of the cylindrical cavity is provided with four upper exhaust ports 4 and four lower exhaust ports 6, the four upper exhaust ports 4 are used for guiding mixed gas into a combustion chamber 13, and the four lower exhaust ports 6 are used for exhausting combustion tail gas to the bottom of a hole and carrying rock debris to return upwards.
The mixing chamber 2 is positioned at the top end of the shell 12, the top of the mixing chamber 2 is connected with the air inlet pipe 10 and the oil injection pipe 11, and the mixing chamber 2 can uniformly mix injected air and fuel in a preset proportion.
The upper part of the combustion chamber 13 is connected with the upper exhaust port 4 to suck the uniformly mixed gas in the mixing chamber 2, and the lower part of the combustion chamber 13 is provided with the lower piston 14 and is communicated with the lower exhaust port 6; the combustion chamber 13 is a place where the mixed gas is compression-ignited.
The upper piston 3 and the lower piston 14 can slide up and down in the cylindrical cavity, the upper piston 3 is positioned in the mixing chamber 2, the lower piston 14 is positioned in the combustion chamber 13, and the lower piston 13 is connected with the impact hammer 7; the anvil 8 is positioned below the impact hammer 7, the drill bit 9 is arranged at the lower part of the anvil 8, and the hammer spring 5 is positioned in the space below the lower piston 14;
the upper exhaust port 4 is connected with the mixing chamber 2, is connected with the combustion chamber 13 at the lower part and is provided with a one-way valve to prevent the mixed gas and the combustion tail gas in the combustion chamber 13 from flowing back to the mixing chamber 2; the upper end of the lower exhaust port 6 is communicated with the combustion chamber 13, and the lower end is a free outlet.
A crushing method of a compression ignition type positive action power hammer drilling tool comprises the following steps:
The compression ignition type positive power hammer drill is lowered to the hole bottom, then a certain amount of air is injected through the air inlet pipe 10, a certain amount of fuel is injected through the oil injection pipe 11, and the injected fuel and air with proper proportion are uniformly mixed in the mixing chamber 2 to form combustible mixed gas. High-pressure air is slowly and continuously injected through the air inlet pipe 10, the pressure of the mixing chamber 2 is increased, the upper piston 3 and the lower piston 14 are pushed to synchronously and slowly descend, the hammer spring 5 is compressed, when the descending position of the upper piston 3 is lower than that of the upper exhaust port 4, mixed gas enters the combustion chamber 13 through the upper exhaust port 4, meanwhile, due to the synchronous descending of the lower piston 14, the lower exhaust port 6 is slowly opened, mixed gas filled in the combustion chamber 13 enters the hole bottom through the lower exhaust port 6, and the hole bottom is purged and then returned to the ground through an annulus. At this time, the lower piston 14 is at the lower limit position, the combustion chamber 13 is depressurized, the elastic force of the compressed hammer spring 5 drives the upper piston 3 and the lower piston 14 to rapidly move upwards together, the upper exhaust port 4 and the lower exhaust port 6 are closed, the mixed gas in the combustion chamber 13 is instantaneously compressed, the pressure and the temperature rapidly rise, the ignition point of the fuel is reached, the fuel rapidly burns violently, the pressure in the combustion chamber 13 rapidly rises, the lower piston 14 is pushed to move downwards, and the hammer spring 5 is compressed. When the descending position of the lower piston 14 is lower than the lower exhaust port 6, combustion tail gas enters the hole bottom through the lower exhaust port 6 and returns to the surface collection and treatment equipment with rock debris, the combustion chamber 13 is decompressed, the impact hammer 7 and the lower piston 14 continue to descend under the inertia effect, and the hammer spring 5 is continuously compressed. At this time, the upper piston 3 is positioned lower than the upper exhaust port 4, and the mixture gas in the mixing chamber 2 enters the combustion chamber 13 through the upper exhaust port 4. The lower piston 14 and the hammer ram 7 run to bottom dead center, impacting the anvil 8 and the drill bit 9, breaking the hole bottom rock. After the impact hammer 7 strikes the anvil 8, the hammer spring 5 begins to expand, pushing the impact hammer 7 and the lower piston 14 upward and compressing the mixture in the combustion chamber 13. The repeated actions realize the continuous work of the compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool and continuously break the rock at the hole bottom.
Claims (1)
1. A crushing method of a compression ignition type positive action power hammer drilling tool is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool comprises a shell (12), a mixing chamber (2), a combustion chamber (13), an upper piston (3), a lower piston (14), an upper exhaust port (4), a lower exhaust port (6), a hammer (7), an anvil (8), a drill bit (9), an air inlet pipe (10), an oil injection pipe (11) and a hammer spring (5);
the center of the shell (12) is provided with a cylindrical cavity, the outer side of the cylindrical cavity is provided with four upper exhaust ports (4) and four lower exhaust ports (6), the four upper exhaust ports (4) are used for guiding mixed gas into the combustion chamber (13), and the four lower exhaust ports (6) are used for exhausting combustion tail gas to the bottom of the hole and carrying rock debris to return upwards;
The mixing chamber (2) is positioned at the top end of the shell (12), the top of the mixing chamber (2) is connected with the air inlet pipe (10) and the oil injection pipe (11), and the mixing chamber (2) can uniformly mix injected air and fuel in a preset proportion;
The upper part of the combustion chamber (13) is connected with the upper exhaust port (4) to suck the uniformly mixed gas in the mixing chamber (2), and the lower part of the combustion chamber (13) is provided with the lower piston (14) and is communicated with the lower exhaust port (6); the combustion chamber (13) is a place for compression ignition of the mixed gas;
The upper piston (3) and the lower piston (14) can slide up and down in the cylindrical cavity, the upper piston (3) is positioned in the mixing chamber (2), the lower piston (14) is positioned in the combustion chamber (13), and the lower piston (14) is connected with the impact hammer (7); the anvil (8) is positioned below the impact hammer (7), the drill bit (9) is arranged at the lower part of the anvil (8), and the hammer spring (5) is positioned in a space below the lower piston (14);
The upper exhaust port (4) is connected with the mixing chamber (2), is connected with the combustion chamber (13) at the lower part and is provided with a one-way valve to prevent the mixed gas and the combustion tail gas in the combustion chamber (13) from flowing back to the mixing chamber (2); the upper end of the lower exhaust port (6) is communicated with the combustion chamber (13), and the lower end is a free outlet;
The method comprises the steps of lowering a compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool to the bottom of a hole, injecting a certain amount of air through an air inlet pipe (10), injecting a certain amount of fuel through an oil injection pipe (11), and uniformly mixing the injected fuel and air in a proper proportion in a mixing chamber (2) to form a combustible mixed gas; high-pressure air is slowly and continuously injected through an air inlet pipe (10), the pressure of a mixing chamber (2) is increased, an upper piston (3) and a lower piston (14) are pushed to synchronously and slowly descend, a hammer spring (5) is compressed, when the descending position of the upper piston (3) is lower than that of an upper exhaust port (4), mixed gas enters a combustion chamber (13) through the upper exhaust port (4), meanwhile, due to the synchronous descending of the lower piston (14), the lower exhaust port (6) is slowly opened, the mixed gas filled in the combustion chamber (13) enters the hole bottom through the lower exhaust port (6), and the mixed gas returns to the ground surface through an annulus after purging the hole bottom; at the moment, the lower piston (14) is positioned at the lower limit position, the combustion chamber (13) is depressurized, the elastic force of the compressed hammer spring (5) drives the upper piston (3) and the lower piston (14) to rapidly ascend together, the upper exhaust port (4) and the lower exhaust port (6) are closed, the mixed gas in the combustion chamber (13) is instantaneously compressed, the pressure and the temperature rapidly rise to reach the fuel ignition point, the fuel rapidly burns violently, the pressure in the combustion chamber (13) rapidly rises, the lower piston (14) is pushed to descend, and the hammer spring (5) is compressed; when the descending position of the lower piston (14) is lower than the lower exhaust port (6), combustion tail gas enters the hole bottom through the lower exhaust port (6) and returns to the ground surface collecting and processing equipment with rock debris, the combustion chamber (13) is depressurized, the impact hammer (7) and the lower piston (14) continue to descend under the action of inertia, and the impact hammer spring (5) is continuously compressed; at the moment, the position of the upper piston (3) is lower than the upper exhaust port (4), and the mixed gas in the mixing chamber (2) enters the combustion chamber (13) through the upper exhaust port (4); the lower piston (14) and the impact hammer (7) run to the bottom dead center, and impact the anvil (8) and the drill bit (9) to crush rock at the bottom of the hole; after the impact hammer (7) impacts the anvil (8), the hammer spring (5) starts to stretch to push the impact hammer (7) and the lower piston (14) to move upwards and compress the mixed gas in the combustion chamber (13); the repeated actions realize the continuous work of the compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool and continuously break the rock at the hole bottom.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910106308.7A CN109723376B (en) | 2019-02-02 | 2019-02-02 | Compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool and rock breaking method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910106308.7A CN109723376B (en) | 2019-02-02 | 2019-02-02 | Compression ignition type positive power hammer drilling tool and rock breaking method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109723376A CN109723376A (en) | 2019-05-07 |
| CN109723376B true CN109723376B (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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| CN111173442B (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2024-08-27 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Novel secondary boosting hydraulic impactor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191115468A (en) * | 1911-07-03 | 1912-07-03 | Siemens Brothers Dynamo Works | Improvements in Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids. |
| US4583601A (en) * | 1982-06-04 | 1986-04-22 | Stenuick Freres | Hammer drill |
| CN86106885A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-04-01 | 利根钻探株式会社 | Air pressure percussive drilling method and device therefor |
| CN2118150U (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1992-10-07 | 长春地质学院 | Hydraulic penetrating type impactor |
| DE102009058291A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Volchkov, Vladimir | Two stroke-horizontally opposed piston engine e.g. air suction petrol engine, has suction valves connecting/locking combustion chamber with channels or exchange chambers, and outlet valves arranged in half cylinders above piston base |
| CN102365458A (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2012-02-29 | 光帆能源公司 | Compressed air energy storage system utilizing two-phase flow to facilitate heat exchange |
| CN105626399A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-06-01 | 倪宗红 | Kinetic-energy gravity engine technology |
| CN207553967U (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-06-29 | 中南大学 | Multidirectional injection aeratic hidden hole hammer bit |
| CN209568972U (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-11-01 | 吉林大学 | A kind of compression-ignited positive interaction power hammer drilling tool |
-
2019
- 2019-02-02 CN CN201910106308.7A patent/CN109723376B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191115468A (en) * | 1911-07-03 | 1912-07-03 | Siemens Brothers Dynamo Works | Improvements in Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids. |
| US4583601A (en) * | 1982-06-04 | 1986-04-22 | Stenuick Freres | Hammer drill |
| CN86106885A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-04-01 | 利根钻探株式会社 | Air pressure percussive drilling method and device therefor |
| CN2118150U (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1992-10-07 | 长春地质学院 | Hydraulic penetrating type impactor |
| CN102365458A (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2012-02-29 | 光帆能源公司 | Compressed air energy storage system utilizing two-phase flow to facilitate heat exchange |
| DE102009058291A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Volchkov, Vladimir | Two stroke-horizontally opposed piston engine e.g. air suction petrol engine, has suction valves connecting/locking combustion chamber with channels or exchange chambers, and outlet valves arranged in half cylinders above piston base |
| CN105626399A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-06-01 | 倪宗红 | Kinetic-energy gravity engine technology |
| CN207553967U (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-06-29 | 中南大学 | Multidirectional injection aeratic hidden hole hammer bit |
| CN209568972U (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-11-01 | 吉林大学 | A kind of compression-ignited positive interaction power hammer drilling tool |
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| CN109723376A (en) | 2019-05-07 |
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