CN109713280A - Silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method, lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method, lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation methods, lithium ion battery.The method for preparing silicon-carbon cathode material includes: by SiOx, carbon source mixed with dispersing agent, obtain the first mixed solution, x=0.5-1.0；First decentralized processing is carried out to the first mixed solution, filtration drying obtains the first dispersion；First carbonization treatment is carried out to the first dispersion, crushes and obtains primary particle, the partial size of primary particle is 0.5-1 μm；Primary particle is mixed with carbon source and dispersing agent, obtains the second mixed solution；Second decentralized processing is carried out to the second mixed solution, filtration drying obtains the second dispersion；Second carbonization treatment is carried out to the second dispersion, crushes and obtains offspring, the partial size of offspring is 10-15 μm, obtains silicon-carbon cathode material.Method of the present invention can make the silicon-carbon cathode material finally obtained have lesser volume expansion and good cycle performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, in particular to a kind of silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method, lithium from
Sub- battery.
Background technique
Currently, lithium ion battery negative material is mainly graphite material, however the specific capacity of graphite material is already close to it
Theoretical limit capacity (372mAh/g), and the theoretical limit capacity of graphite material is still smaller.Therefore, in order to improve lithium ion battery
Energy density, need further to develop novel negative electrode material.The theoretical specific capacity of silicium cathode material is the 10 of graphite material
Times, but since volume expansion is serious after embedding lithium for silicium cathode material, specifically, volume expansion up to 300%, seriously affect lithium from
The cycle performance and service life of sub- battery.
Currently, generalling use the sub- silicon materials of oxidation and Si-C composite material, improve volume expansion after the embedding lithium of silicium cathode material
Serious problem.Wherein, the SiO in sub- silicon materials is aoxidizedxIngredient can buffer volume expansion when the embedding lithium of silicon, and aoxidize Asia
Si crystal particle diameter in silicon materials is smaller (usually 2-8nm), so as to improve silicon based anode material volume expansion seriously and
The problems such as poor circulation.
However inventors have found that above-mentioned silicon based anode material is on the problems such as improving serious volume expansion and poor circulation
Still have much room for improvement.Specifically, above-mentioned silicon based anode material is one-pass molding particle, the partial size such as fruit granule is larger, will lead to lithium
Ion transmission path lengthens, and embedding lithium swelling stress increases, so that negative electrode material is easily broken and loses activity.Such as the grain of fruit granule
Diameter is smaller, and the compacted density of negative electrode tab is lower, and particle disperses more difficult, easy aggregation in the slurry, also results in embedding lithium expansion
Stress increases, and negative electrode material is made to be easily broken and lose activity.In addition, the isotropic of one-pass molding particle is poor, cause to bear
Material volume expansion in embedding lithium in pole is larger, so that cycle performance is poor.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of method for preparing silicon-carbon cathode material, this method can make finally to obtain
The silicon-carbon cathode material obtained had not only had the advantages that small particle particle dynamics was functional and swelling stress is lesser, but also had big grain
The advantages of diameter particle compacted density is larger, easy processing molding, easy dispersion, and the isotropic of the silicon-carbon cathode material particle is good,
So that silicon-carbon cathode material volume expansion in embedding lithium is smaller, cycle performance is improved.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A method of preparing silicon-carbon cathode material, which comprises by SiOx, carbon source mixed with dispersing agent,
Obtain the first mixed solution, wherein x=0.5-1.0；First decentralized processing is carried out to first mixed solution, and crosses and is filtered dry
It is dry, obtain the first dispersion；First carbonization treatment is carried out to first dispersion, and is crushed, primary particle, institute are obtained
The partial size for stating primary particle is 0.5-1 μm；The primary particle is mixed with the carbon source and the dispersing agent, is obtained
Second mixed solution；Second decentralized processing, and filtration drying are carried out to second mixed solution, obtain the second dispersion；
Second carbonization treatment is carried out to second dispersion, and is crushed, offspring is obtained, the partial size of the offspring is
10-15 μm, to obtain the silicon-carbon cathode material.
Further, the SiOxPartial size be 80-200nm；Optional, the carbon source includes pitch, polyvinyl chloride, gathers
At least one of ethylene and phenolic resin；It is optional, the dispersing agent include water, ethyl alcohol, methanol, acetone, alkane, esters,
At least one of aromatics, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-Methyl pyrrolidone and n,N-Dimethylformamide.
Further, the SiOxBe 1:20-1:1 with the mass ratio of the carbon source, the quality of the dispersing agent with it is described
SiOx, the carbon source the ratio of gross mass be 1:1-10:1.
Further, the revolving speed of first decentralized processing is 500-700 revs/min, time 1-20h.
Further, first carbonization treatment is warming up to 500-800 DEG C, and constant temperature 10- from room temperature with 2-10 DEG C/min
20h。
Further, the primary particle and the mass ratio of the carbon source are 1:1-1:5, the quality of the dispersing agent and institute
State primary particle, the carbon source gross mass ratio be 20:1-5:1.
Further, the revolving speed of second decentralized processing is 700-900 revs/min, time 2-10h.
Further, second carbonization treatment is warming up to 500-1100 DEG C, and constant temperature 2- from room temperature with 1-10 DEG C/min
20h。
Compared with the existing technology, the method for the present invention for preparing silicon-carbon cathode material has the advantage that
Method of the present invention then continues point primary particle by being initially formed the lesser primary particle of partial size
It dissipates and is carbonized, obtain the biggish offspring of partial size, to obtain silicon-carbon cathode material, which can have both granule
The advantages of the advantages of diameter particle and big particle, specifically, the silicon-carbon cathode material had both had small particle particle dynamics
The functional and lesser advantage of swelling stress, and have big particle compacted density larger, easy processing molding easily disperse
Advantage, at the same it is good using the isotropic of the silicon-carbon cathode material particle of this method acquisition, it can reduce the silicon-carbon cathode material
Volume expansion in embedding lithium improves the cycle performance of the silicon-carbon cathode material.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of silicon-carbon cathode material, which is by previously mentioned
Method preparation, as a result, the silicon-carbon cathode material has all special of the silicon-carbon cathode material of previously described method preparation
Sign and advantage, details are not described herein.Generally speaking, which had both had small particle particle dynamics functional
With the lesser advantage of swelling stress, and have big particle compacted density it is larger, easy processing molding, easily dispersion the advantages of, and
The isotropic of the silicon-carbon cathode material particle is good, so that silicon-carbon cathode material volume expansion in embedding lithium is smaller, cyclicity
It can improve.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of lithium ion battery, which includes negative electrode tab, described negative
Pole piece includes previously described silicon-carbon cathode material, and the lithium ion battery has previously described silicon-carbon cathode material as a result,
Whole features and advantage, details are not described herein.Generally speaking, which has good cycle performance and longer
Service life.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram that silicon-carbon cathode material method is prepared described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the electromicroscopic photograph for the silicon-carbon cathode material that embodiment 1 obtains；And
Fig. 3 is the silicon-carbon cathode material cycle performance test curve that embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 obtain.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention proposes a kind of methods for preparing silicon-carbon cathode material.As previously mentioned, mesh
Preceding silicon-carbon cathode material is one-pass molding particle, and grain diameter is larger to will lead to the lengthening of lithium ion transport path, embedding lithium expansion
Stress increases, so that negative electrode material is easily broken and loses activity.Grain diameter is smaller, and the compacted density of negative electrode tab is lower,
Grain disperses more difficult, easy aggregation in the slurry, also results in embedding lithium swelling stress increase, negative electrode material is made to be easily broken and lose
Deactivation.In addition, the isotropic of one-pass molding particle is poor, cause negative electrode material volume expansion in embedding lithium larger, thus
Cycle performance is poor.
According to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to Fig. 1, this method comprises:
S100: by SiOx, carbon source mixed with dispersing agent, obtain the first mixed solution
According to an embodiment of the invention, in this step, by SiOx, carbon source mixed with dispersing agent, it is mixed to obtain first
Close solution.According to an embodiment of the invention, SiOxMiddle x=0.5-1.0.Sub- silicon is aoxidized as a result, and carbon progress is compound, can use
Volume expansion when sub- silicon reduces material embedding lithium is aoxidized, and carbon coating aoxidizes sub- silicon can promote the capacity of material.
According to an embodiment of the invention, SiOxPartial size can be 80-200nm.The oxidation Asia silicon can be effective as a result,
Reduce volume expansion when the embedding lithium of material.
According to an embodiment of the invention, carbon source may include pitch, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and phenolic resin at least
One of.Thus, it is possible to aoxidize sub- silicon using the carbon coating that above-mentioned carbon source cracks out, the capacity of material is promoted.
According to an embodiment of the invention, dispersing agent may include water, ethyl alcohol, methanol, acetone, alkane, esters, aromatics,
At least one of tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-Methyl pyrrolidone and n,N-Dimethylformamide.Thus, it is possible to sharp
The sub- silicon of oxidation and carbon source are dispersed with above-mentioned dispersing agent, to obtain the first mixed solution.
According to an embodiment of the invention, SiOxCan be 1:20-1:1 with the mass ratio of carbon source, the quality of dispersing agent with
SiOx, carbon source the ratio of gross mass can be 1:1-10:1.Thus, it is possible to guarantee through there is foot after subsequent first carbonization treatment
Enough carbon is coated to sub- silicon is aoxidized, and guarantees have enough dispersing agents to disperse the sub- silicon of oxidation, carbon source, is obtained equal
The first even mixed solution.Specifically, SiOxMass ratio with carbon source can be 1:10, the quality and SiO of dispersing agentx, carbon source
The ratio of gross mass can be 1.5:1.
S200: the first decentralized processing, and filtration drying are carried out to the first mixed solution, obtain the first dispersion
According to an embodiment of the invention, in this step, carrying out the first decentralized processing to the first mixed solution, and cross and be filtered dry
It is dry, obtain the first dispersion.First point is carried out to the first mixed solution according to an embodiment of the invention, can use dispersion machine
Processing is dissipated, the revolving speed of the first decentralized processing can be 500-700 revs/min, and the time can be 1-20h.Thus, it is possible to be divided
Uniform solution is dissipated, finely dispersed first dispersion can be obtained after filtration drying.Specifically, the first decentralized processing
Revolving speed can be 600 revs/min, and the time can be 3h.
S300: the first carbonization treatment is carried out to the first dispersion, and is crushed, primary particle is obtained
According to an embodiment of the invention, in this step, the first carbonization treatment is carried out to the first dispersion, and crush,
Obtain primary particle.According to an embodiment of the invention, carrying out the first carbonization treatment to the first dispersion, can be first point
Scattered material is put into tube furnace or atmosphere batch-type furnace, be passed through high pure nitrogen as protection gas, since room temperature with 2-10 DEG C/
The heating rate of min is warming up to 500-800 DEG C, and constant temperature 10-20h.Carbon coating can be obtained after being carbonized as a result, and aoxidizes sub- silicon
Material.Specifically, the first carbonization treatment, which can be, is warming up to 700 DEG C since room temperature with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, and permanent
Warm 15h.
According to an embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned material is crushed after obtaining the material that carbon coating aoxidizes sub- silicon, with
Primary particle is obtained, the partial size of primary particle can be 0.5-1 μm, grain size grading D50.Thus, it is possible to which it is smaller to obtain partial size
Primary particle, the lesser primary particle of partial size has the advantages that dynamic performance is good and swelling stress is lesser.Specifically, one
The partial size of secondary particle can be 0.8 μm.
S400: primary particle is mixed with carbon source and dispersing agent, obtains the second mixed solution
According to an embodiment of the invention, in this step, primary particle is mixed with carbon source and dispersing agent, obtain
Second mixed solution.In other words, after obtaining primary particle, subsequent step is continued based on primary particle to primary
Particle is dispersed and is carbonized, and to obtain the biggish offspring of partial size, offspring remains the structure of primary particle, and
Offspring is the carbon coating to primary particle, so that the silicon-carbon cathode material finally obtained both can have primary particle
The advantages of the advantages of can have offspring again.
According to an embodiment of the invention, primary particle and the mass ratio of carbon source can be 1:1-1:5, the quality of dispersing agent with
Primary particle, carbon source the ratio of gross mass can be 20:1-5:1.Thus, it is possible to guarantee after subsequent second carbonization treatment
There is enough carbon to coat primary particle, and guarantee there are enough dispersing agents to disperse primary particle, carbon source, obtains
Obtain uniformly the second mixed solution.Specifically, primary particle and the mass ratio of carbon source can be 1:2, the quality of dispersing agent and one
Secondary particle, carbon source the ratio of gross mass can be 10:1.
S500: the second decentralized processing, and filtration drying are carried out to the second mixed solution, obtain the second dispersion
According to an embodiment of the invention, in this step, carrying out the second decentralized processing to the second mixed solution, and cross and be filtered dry
It is dry, obtain the second dispersion.Second point is carried out to the second mixed solution according to an embodiment of the invention, can use dispersion machine
Processing is dissipated, the revolving speed of the second decentralized processing can be 700-900 revs/min, and the time can be 2-10h.Thus, it is possible to be divided
Uniform solution is dissipated, finely dispersed second dispersion can be obtained after filtration drying.Specifically, the second decentralized processing
Revolving speed can be 800 revs/min, and the time can be 5h.
S600: carrying out the second carbonization treatment to the second dispersion, and crush, obtain offspring, negative to obtain silicon-carbon
Pole material
According to an embodiment of the invention, in this step, the second carbonization treatment is carried out to the second dispersion, and crush,
Offspring is obtained, to obtain silicon-carbon cathode material.According to an embodiment of the invention, carrying out the second carbonization to the second dispersion
Processing, can be and the second dispersion is put into tube furnace or atmosphere batch-type furnace, is passed through high pure nitrogen and is used as protection gas, from
Room temperature starts to be warming up to 500-1100 DEG C, and constant temperature 2-20h with the heating rate of 1-10 DEG C/min.It as a result, can be with after being carbonized
Obtain the material of carbon coating primary particle.Specifically, the second carbonization treatment can be the heating speed since room temperature with 1 DEG C/min
Degree is warming up to 1100 DEG C, and constant temperature 15h.
According to an embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned material is crushed after the material of acquisition carbon coating primary particle, with
Offspring is obtained, the partial size of offspring can be 10-15 μm, grain size grading D50.Thus, it is possible to which it is larger to obtain partial size
Offspring, the biggish offspring of partial size have compacted density it is larger, easy processing molding, easily dispersion the advantages of, and this two
Secondary particle remains the structure of primary particle, is the carbon coating carried out to primary particle, therefore, which also has simultaneously
Primary particle dynamic performance is good and the lesser advantage of swelling stress.Specifically, the partial size of offspring can be 12 μm.
According to an embodiment of the invention, obtaining above-mentioned offspring obtains silicon-carbon cathode material, the silicon-carbon cathode material
Due to having good isotropic performance therefore can be further compared to primary particle by dispersing twice and being carbonized
Reduce volume expansion of the negative electrode material in embedding lithium, and improves the cycle performance of the negative electrode material.
To sum up, this method is initially formed the lesser primary particle of partial size, and then primary particle is continued to disperse and is carbonized,
The biggish offspring of partial size is obtained, i.e., acquisition silicon-carbon cathode material, offspring remain the structure of primary particle, and secondary
Particle be to primary particle carry out carbon coating, as a result, the silicon-carbon cathode material can have the advantages that simultaneously primary particle with
And the advantages of offspring, the i.e. silicon-carbon cathode material had both had small particle particle dynamics functional smaller with swelling stress
The advantages of, and have big particle compacted density larger, easy processing molding, easy the advantages of dispersing, and the silicon-carbon cathode material
The isotropic of particle is good, so that silicon-carbon cathode material volume expansion in embedding lithium is smaller, cycle performance is improved.
In another aspect of this invention, the invention proposes a kind of silicon-carbon cathode materials.According to an embodiment of the invention, should
Silicon-carbon cathode material is prepared by previously described method, and the silicon-carbon cathode material has previously described method as a result,
The whole features and advantage of the silicon-carbon cathode material of preparation, details are not described herein.Generally speaking, which both had
There is small particle particle dynamics functional and the lesser advantage of swelling stress, and have big particle compacted density larger,
The advantages of easy processing molding, easy dispersion, and the isotropic of the silicon-carbon cathode material particle is good, so that the silicon-carbon cathode material exists
Volume expansion is smaller when embedding lithium, and cycle performance improves.
In another aspect of this invention, the invention proposes a kind of lithium ion batteries.According to an embodiment of the invention, the lithium
Ion battery includes negative electrode tab, and negative electrode tab includes previously described silicon-carbon cathode material, and the lithium ion battery has front as a result,
The whole features and advantage of the silicon-carbon cathode material of description, details are not described herein.Generally speaking, which has good
Good cycle performance and longer service life.
The solution of the present invention is illustrated below by specific embodiment, it should be noted that the following examples
It is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.Particular technique or condition are not specified in embodiment, presses
It is carried out according to technology or conditions described in document in the art or according to product description.
Embodiment 1
(1) the first mixed solution is prepared.The SiO that partial size is 100nm is chosen, SiO and pitch 1:10 in mass ratio is carried out
Mixing, is then added ethyl alcohol, and to obtain the first mixed solution, the ratio of the gross mass of the quality and SiO and pitch of ethyl alcohol is 1.5:
1。
(2) the first dispersion is prepared.The first decentralized processing, the first dispersion are carried out to the first mixed solution using dispersion machine
The revolving speed of processing is 600 revs/min, and time 3h is filtered and dries after dispersion, obtains the first dispersion.
(3) primary particle is prepared.First dispersion is put into tube furnace, high pure nitrogen is passed through and is used as protection gas, from
Room temperature starts to be warming up to 700 DEG C, and constant temperature 15h with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, obtains the material of carbon coating SiO.Then, right
Above-mentioned material is crushed, and the primary particle that partial size is D50=0.8 μm is obtained.
(4) the second mixed solution is prepared.Primary particle is mixed with pitch 1:2 in mass ratio, ethyl alcohol is then added,
To obtain the second mixed solution, the ratio of the gross mass of the quality and primary particle and pitch of ethyl alcohol is 10:1.
(5) the second dispersion is prepared.The second decentralized processing, the second dispersion are carried out to the second mixed solution using dispersion machine
The revolving speed of processing is 800 revs/min, and time 5h is filtered and dries after dispersion, obtains the second dispersion.
(6) offspring is prepared.Second dispersion is put into tube furnace, high pure nitrogen is passed through and is used as protection gas, from
Room temperature starts to be warming up to 1100 DEG C, and constant temperature 15h with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min, obtains the material of carbon coating primary particle.With
Afterwards, above-mentioned material is crushed, obtains the offspring that partial size is D50=12 μm, i.e. acquisition silicon-carbon cathode material.
SEM detection is carried out to the silicon-carbon cathode material that embodiment 1 obtains, electromicroscopic photograph is as shown in Fig. 2, the silicon-carbon cathode material
Material has uniform offspring pattern.
Comparative example 1
The preparation process of this comparative example is with embodiment 1, the difference is that obtaining primary grain just with step (1)-(3)
Son, the primary particle are final silicon-carbon cathode material.
The silicon-carbon cathode material that embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 are obtained carries out cycle performance test respectively, as shown in figure 3,
With comparative example 1 obtain primary particle silicon-carbon cathode material compared with, embodiment 1 obtain offspring silicon-carbon cathode material with
The increase of cycle-index, gram specific capacity have more preferably cycle performance without significantly reducing and keeping stablizing.
By comparison it is found that the advantages of silicon-carbon cathode material that embodiment 1 obtains takes into account small particle particle and big partial size
The advantages of particle, to have more preferably cycle performance and longer service life.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for preparing silicon-carbon cathode material, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
By SiOx, carbon source mixed with dispersing agent, obtain the first mixed solution, wherein x=0.5-1.0；
First decentralized processing, and filtration drying are carried out to first mixed solution, obtain the first dispersion；
First carbonization treatment is carried out to first dispersion, and is crushed, primary particle, the partial size of the primary particle are obtained
It is 0.5-1 μm；
The primary particle is mixed with the carbon source and the dispersing agent, obtains the second mixed solution；
Second decentralized processing, and filtration drying are carried out to second mixed solution, obtain the second dispersion；
Second carbonization treatment is carried out to second dispersion, and is crushed, offspring, the partial size of the offspring are obtained
It is 10-15 μm, to obtain the silicon-carbon cathode material.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the SiOxPartial size be 80-200nm；
Optional, the carbon source includes at least one of pitch, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and phenolic resin；
Optional, the dispersing agent includes water, ethyl alcohol, methanol, acetone, alkane, esters, aromatics, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl Asia
At least one of sulfone, N-Methyl pyrrolidone and n,N-Dimethylformamide.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the SiOxMass ratio with the carbon source is 1:20-1:1,
The quality of the dispersing agent and the SiOx, the carbon source the ratio of gross mass be 1:1-10:1.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the revolving speed of first decentralized processing is 500-700 revs/min
Clock, time 1-20h.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein first carbonization treatment is from room temperature with 2-10 DEG C/min liter
Temperature arrives 500-800 DEG C, and constant temperature 10-20h.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the primary particle and the mass ratio of the carbon source are 1:1-
The ratio of 1:5, the quality of the dispersing agent and the primary particle, the gross mass of the carbon source is 20:1-5:1.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the revolving speed of second decentralized processing is 700-900 revs/min
Clock, time 2-10h.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein second carbonization treatment is from room temperature with 1-10 DEG C/min liter
Temperature arrives 500-1100 DEG C, and constant temperature 2-20h.
9. a kind of silicon-carbon cathode material, which is characterized in that prepared by the described in any item methods of claim 1-8.
10. a kind of lithium ion battery, which is characterized in that including negative electrode tab, the negative electrode tab includes silicon-carbon as claimed in claim 9
Negative electrode material.
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| WO2021228193A1 (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2021-11-18 | 隆能科技(南通)有限公司 | High-energy-density long-life fast charging lithium ion battery and preparation method therefor |
| WO2024066462A1 (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-04 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | Negative electrode material, preparation method therefor and secondary battery |
| WO2024124966A1 (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-06-20 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | Negative electrode material and lithium ion battery |
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