CN109713266B - Lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109713266B
CN109713266B CN201811581630.7A CN201811581630A CN109713266B CN 109713266 B CN109713266 B CN 109713266B CN 201811581630 A CN201811581630 A CN 201811581630A CN 109713266 B CN109713266 B CN 109713266B
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zif8
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lithium ion
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CN109713266A (en
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王新
张俊凡
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Zhaoqing South China Normal University Optoelectronics Industry Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a novel lithium ion battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof. The material is a composite material formed by ZIF67, ZIF8 and graphene oxide. The material is a composite material with a cross-linked structure formed by carrying out hydrothermal compounding on ZIF67, ZIF8 and graphene oxide, overcomes the defects that a lithium ion battery cathode material in the prior art is poor in charge-discharge specific capacity and cycling stability and the electrode material is easy to crush, and improves the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery.

Description

Lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a novel lithium ion battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The main energy source approach of the present human society is still non-renewable energy such as fossil energy, but with the rapid expansion of the global population and the continuous development of the human economic society, the non-green energy which is non-renewable and accompanied with serious environmental pollution is about to be eliminated by history, and the development of secondary green energy which is more environment-friendly and has higher reliability becomes a great energy problem which needs to be solved at the very first glance. Currently, the mainstream secondary energy developed and successfully utilized by people includes wind energy, solar energy, nuclear energy, etc., but without exception, the storage and utilization of these energy sources can be completed by matching with an energy storage device, so that a lithium ion secondary battery with the advantages of high specific energy, high reliability, etc. becomes a focus of attention.
Most classical lithium ion batteries consist of four parts, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a diaphragm. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are usually lithium cobaltate and graphite, the electrolyte adopts an organic solution containing lithium ions (the solvent is usually an organic ether compound), and the diaphragm is a high molecular porous polymer material for isolation. When the battery is charged normally, lithium ions in the lithium cobaltate positive electrode material are extracted and reach the layered structure of the negative electrode material graphite through the diaphragm, and electrons move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode in an external circuit. In contrast, the ion and electron flow directions of the discharge process are different from those of the charge process.
The Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a novel material formed by coordination bonds of metal ions and organic ligands, and are porous materials with periodic topological structures, and different central metal ions and different organic coordination compounds can form a large number of MOF materials with different types and morphologies through self-assembly. The porous material has a plurality of interconnected pore channels, has relatively high pore volume and specific surface area, and is considered to be an ideal gas separation and storage material. Compared with conventional porous materials, this new MOF material has many advantages: (1) the variety is various: the selection of metal ions and organic ligands is various, and the types of different combinations are as many as ten thousands; (2) the functionality is strong: different metal ions and organic ligands are combined to synthesize MOF materials with different functions; (3) high specific surface area and large porosity: the reported highest specific surface area of MOFs material can reach 10000 m2 g–1The above is incomparable with the traditional porous material; (4) the aperture size can be regulated: the size of the MOF material pore channels is closely related to the type and length of the organic linker. These advantages make Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) materials have a wide application prospect in various fields such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensors and energy sources.
However, since the low conductivity of the metal organic framework limits its application in the field of batteries, there is a need to solve this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium ion battery cathode material with high specific capacity and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects of the current lithium ion battery cathode material technology, the material is a composite material with a cross-linking structure formed by hydrothermal compounding ZIF67, ZIF8 and graphene oxide, the defects of poor charging and discharging specific capacity and poor cycling stability of the lithium ion battery cathode material and easiness in crushing of an electrode material in the prior art are overcome, and the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the novel lithium ion battery anode material is ZIF67, ZIF8 and graphene oxide
The composite material is formed.
The material has a cross-linked structure.
The material is formed by carrying out hydrothermal compounding on ZIF67, ZIF8 and graphene oxide.
The material comprises the following components in a mass ratio ZIF 67: ZIF8: the ratio of the graphene oxide to the graphene oxide is 1:1: 100-400.
A preparation method of the novel lithium ion battery anode material comprises the following steps: (1) preparing ZIF 67; (2)
preparing ZIF 8; (3) preparation of ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF 8; the step (3) is to prepare ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8: a. putting a mixture of ZIF67 and ZIF8 in a graphene oxide solution, performing ultrasonic treatment, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of ZIF67 to ZIF8 is 1: 1; b. placing the mixed solution in a reaction kettle, sealing and preserving heat; c. after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, centrifugally washing, and drying to obtain ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF 8.
The ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8 prepared in the step (3) is specifically as follows: a. putting 1-2 mg of mixture of ZIF67 and ZIF8 in
Putting the graphene oxide into 50-100 mL of graphene oxide solution with the concentration of 2mg/mL, wherein the mass ratio of ZIF67 to ZIF8 is 1: 1; stirring for 10-30 min after ultrasonic treatment for 30-50 min to obtain a mixed solution; b. placing the mixed solution in a reaction kettle, sealing, and preserving heat for 10-15 hours at the temperature of 150-180 ℃; c. after the reaction is finished and cooled to room temperature, centrifugally washing, wherein deionized water is used for washing for 3 times, and ethanol is used for washing for 3 times; and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF 8.
The preparation method of the novel lithium ion battery cathode material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of ZIF 67: a. firstly, preparing a solution A: dispersing 5-10 mmol of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate in 125-250 ml of methanol; then preparing a solution B: dispersing 20-40 mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 125-250 ml of methanol; b. pouring the solution B into the solution A under stirring, and stirring for 3-5 minutes until the solution A is uniform; c. sealing and aging for 24 hours; d. centrifugal washing, wherein methanol washing is performed for 3 times, and ethanol washing is performed for 3 times; drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain ZIF 67;
(2) preparation of ZIF8: a. firstly, preparing a solution A: dispersing 5-10 mmol of zinc nitrate hexahydrate in 125-250 ml of methanol;
then preparing a solution B: dispersing 20-40 mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 125-250 ml of methanol; b. pouring the solution B into the solution A under stirring, and stirring for 3-5 minutes until the solution A is uniform; c. sealing and aging for 24 hours; d. centrifugal washing, wherein methanol washing is performed for 3 times, and ethanol washing is performed for 3 times; drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain ZIF 8;
(3) preparation of ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8: a. putting 1-2 mg of mixture of ZIF67 and ZIF8 in 50-100 mL of mixture with concentration of 2mg/mL
In the graphene oxide solution of (2), wherein the mass ratio of ZIF67 to ZIF8 is 1: 1; stirring for 10-30 min after ultrasonic treatment for 30-50 min
Obtaining a mixed solution; b. placing the mixed solution in a reaction kettle, sealing, and preserving heat for 10-15 hours at the temperature of 150-180 ℃; c.
after the reaction is finished and cooled to room temperature, centrifugally washing, wherein deionized water is used for washing for 3 times, and ethanol is used for washing for 3 times; under the condition of 60-80 DEG C
Drying for 12 hours to obtain ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF 8.
The stirring is magnetic stirring, and the rotating speed is 100-300 r/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the material is prepared by carrying out hydrothermal compounding on ZIF67, ZIF8 and graphene oxide
The formed composite material with a cross-linked structure. The ZIF67 and ZIF8 and graphene oxide cross-linked structure is novel in structure, and ZIF67 and ZIF8 are both porous organic materials, so that a synergistic effect can be achieved, the transmission of lithium ions is fully promoted, and meanwhile, the graphene oxide has high conductivity, so that the conductivity can be increased, the defects that in the prior art, the charge-discharge specific capacity and the cycling stability of a lithium ion battery negative electrode material are poor, the electrode material is easy to crush are overcome, and the electrochemical performance is improved.
The ZIF67, the ZIF8 and the graphene oxide are creatively combined together through a one-step hydrothermal method, the appearance is simple, and the support of parameters and data in various aspects including the quality parameters of the ZIF67 and the ZIF8 is actually needed; also, the temperature range must be set according to the specified parameter range, and any link with slight errors cannot obtain the result of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the performance of the ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8 material prepared in example 1 as a lithium ion battery anode material in a lithium ion battery.
FIG. 2 shows the impedance of the ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8 material prepared in example 1 before being used as a lithium ion battery anode material in a lithium ion battery before being cycled.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples.
The raw materials involved are all commercially available. The graphene oxide was purchased from NanoScien Nykung, NanoScien, Zinc nitrate hexahydrate, and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, respectively, and the dimethylimidazole was purchased from Tianjin Anlin imidazole, Inc.
Example 1
The novel lithium ion battery cathode material is formed by performing hydrothermal compounding on ZIF67, ZIF8 and graphene oxide
A composite material having a crosslinked structure.
The material comprises the following components in a mass ratio ZIF 67: ZIF8: the graphene oxide ratio is 1:1: 200.
The preparation method of the novel lithium ion battery cathode material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of ZIF 67: a. firstly, preparing a solution A: 5mmol of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate is dispersed in 125ml of methanol and is pink; then preparing a solution B: dispersing 20mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 125ml of methanol to obtain a clear color; b. pouring the solution B into the solution A under stirring, stirring for 3 minutes until the solution A is uniform and purple, and becoming turbid along with the stirring time; c. sealing and aging for 24 hours; d. centrifugal washing, wherein methanol washing is performed for 3 times, and ethanol washing is performed for 3 times; drying at 60 deg.C for 12 hr to obtain ZIF 67;
(2) preparation of ZIF8: a. firstly, preparing a solution A: dispersing 5mmol zinc nitrate hexahydrate in 125ml methanol; then preparing a solution B: dispersing 20mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 125ml of methanol; b. pouring the solution B into the solution A under stirring, and stirring for 3 minutes until the solution A is uniform; c. sealing and aging for 24 hours; d. centrifugal washing, wherein methanol washing is performed for 3 times, and ethanol washing is performed for 3 times; drying at 60 deg.C for 12 hr to obtain ZIF 8;
(3) preparation of ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8: a. 1mg of the mixture of ZIF67 and ZIF8 was placed in 50mL of 2mg/mL oxygen
Dissolving graphene in a ZIF 67-ZIF 8 mass ratio of 1: 1; stirring for 10min after ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a mixed solution,
(ii) a b. Placing the mixed solution in a reaction kettle, sealing, and preserving heat for 10 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃; c. after the reaction was completed and cooled to room temperature,
centrifugal washing, wherein deionized water washing is performed for 3 times, and ethanol washing is performed for 3 times; drying at 60 deg.C for 12 hr to obtain
ZIF67@Go@ZIF8。
The stirring is magnetic stirring, and the rotating speed is 100-300 r/min.
The prepared ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8 powder is used as an active material, carbon powder is used as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as an adhesive, the mixture is placed into a mortar according to the weight ratio of ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8: polyvinylidene fluoride =8:1:1 and is uniformly ground, then a N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent (NMP) is dripped to be ground into slurry, the slurry is uniformly coated on copper foil, then the copper foil is placed into a constant-temperature drying box at 60 ℃ to be dried for 12 hours, the drying is carried out until the weight is constant, then a tablet press is used for pressing into sheets under the pressure of 5MPa, and therefore the ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8 lithium ion battery negative electrode sheet is prepared, metal lithium is used as a counter electrode and a reference electrode, lithium hexafluorophosphate is used as an electrolyte, porous polypropylene is used as a diaphragm, and a CR2025 battery is assembled in a glove.
As can be known from FIG. 1, when the material is applied to a lithium ion battery as a lithium ion battery cathode material, the capacity of the first cycle of the material is up to 860 mAh/mg, the cycle stability of the material is also strong, and after 50 cycles, the capacity retention rate is still about 70%.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the resistance value of the material before no cycling is about 100, and the small resistance value is because the good conductivity of the ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8 material reduces the dissolution of the negative electrode material before no cycling, improves the energy density, and increases the electrochemical performance of the battery.
Example 2
The preparation method of the novel lithium ion battery cathode material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of ZIF 67: a. firstly, preparing a solution A: dispersing 10mmol of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate in 250ml of methanol; then preparing a solution B: dispersing 40mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 250ml of methanol; b. pouring the solution B into the solution A under stirring, and stirring for 5 minutes until the solution A is uniform; c. sealing and aging for 24 hours; d. centrifugal washing, wherein methanol washing is performed for 3 times, and ethanol washing is performed for 3 times; drying at 80 deg.C for 12 hr to obtain ZIF 67;
(2) preparation of ZIF8: a. firstly, preparing a solution A: dispersing 10mmol of zinc nitrate hexahydrate in 250ml of methanol; then preparing a solution B: dispersing 40mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 250ml of methanol; b. pouring the solution B into the solution A under stirring, and stirring for 5 minutes until the solution A is uniform; c. sealing and aging for 24 hours; d. centrifugal washing, wherein methanol washing is performed for 3 times, and ethanol washing is performed for 3 times; drying at 80 deg.C for 12 hr to obtain ZIF 8;
(3) preparation of ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8: a. 2mg of the mixture of ZIF67 and ZIF8 was placed in 100mL of 2mg/mL
In the graphene oxide solution of (2), wherein the mass ratio of ZIF67 to ZIF8 is 1: 1; ultrasonic treating for 50min, and stirring for 30min to obtain mixture
Mixing the liquid; b. placing the mixed solution in a reaction kettle, sealing, and keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 15 hours; c. cooling to the chamber after the reaction is completed
After warming, centrifugal washing is carried out, wherein deionized water is used for washing for 3 times, and ethanol is used for washing for 3 times; drying at 80 deg.C for 12 hr to obtain
ZIF67@Go@ZIF8。
The stirring is magnetic stirring, and the rotating speed is 100-300 r/min.
The prepared ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8 powder is used as an active material, carbon powder is used as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as an adhesive, the mixture is placed into a mortar according to the weight ratio of ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8: polyvinylidene fluoride =8:1:1 and is uniformly ground, then a N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent (NMP) is dripped to be ground into slurry, the slurry is uniformly coated on copper foil, then the copper foil is placed into a constant-temperature drying box at 60 ℃ to be dried for 12 hours, the drying is carried out until the weight is constant, then a tablet press is used for pressing into sheets under the pressure of 5MPa, and therefore the ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8 lithium ion battery negative electrode sheet is prepared, metal lithium is used as a counter electrode and a reference electrode, lithium hexafluorophosphate is used as an electrolyte, porous polypropylene is used as a diaphragm, and a CR2025 battery is assembled in a glove.

Claims (5)

1. The lithium ion battery cathode material is characterized in that the material is a composite material formed by carrying out hydrothermal compounding on ZIF67, ZIF8 and graphene oxide; the compounding comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing ZIF 67; (2) preparing ZIF 8; (3) preparation of ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8: a. putting 1-2 mg of a mixture of ZIF67 and ZIF8 in 50-100 mL of graphene oxide solution with the concentration of 2mg/mL, wherein the mass ratio of ZIF67 to ZIF8 is 1: 1; stirring for 10-30 min after ultrasonic treatment for 30-50 min to obtain a mixed solution; b. placing the mixed solution in a reaction kettle, sealing, and preserving heat for 10-15 hours at the temperature of 150-180 ℃; c. after the reaction is finished and cooled to room temperature, centrifugally washing, wherein deionized water is used for washing for 3 times, and ethanol is used for washing for 3 times; and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF 8.
2. The lithium ion battery anode material of claim 1, wherein the material has a cross-linked structure.
3. The lithium ion battery negative electrode material of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of ZIF 67: ZIF8: the ratio of the graphene oxide to the graphene oxide is 1:1: 100-400.
4. The lithium ion battery anode material of claim 1, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparation of ZIF 67: a. firstly, preparing a solution A: dispersing 5-10 mmol of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate in 125-250 ml of methanol; then preparing a solution B: dispersing 20-40 mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 125-250 ml of methanol; b. pouring the solution B into the solution A under stirring, and stirring for 3-5 minutes until the solution A is uniform; c. sealing and aging for 24 hours; d. centrifugal washing, wherein methanol washing is performed for 3 times, and ethanol washing is performed for 3 times; drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain ZIF 67;
(2) preparation of ZIF8: a. firstly, preparing a solution A: dispersing 5-10 mmol of zinc nitrate hexahydrate in 125-250 ml of methanol; then preparing a solution B: dispersing 20-40 mmol 2-methylimidazole in 125-250 ml methanol; b. pouring the solution B into the solution A under stirring, and stirring for 3-5 minutes until the solution A is uniform; c. sealing and aging for 24 hours; d. centrifugal washing, wherein methanol washing is performed for 3 times, and ethanol washing is performed for 3 times; drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain ZIF 8;
(3) preparation of ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF8: a. putting 1-2 mg of a mixture of ZIF67 and ZIF8 in 50-100 mL of graphene oxide solution with the concentration of 2mg/mL, wherein the mass ratio of ZIF67 to ZIF8 is 1: 1; stirring for 10-30 min after ultrasonic treatment for 30-50 min to obtain a mixed solution; b. placing the mixed solution in a reaction kettle, sealing, and preserving heat for 10-15 hours at the temperature of 150-180 ℃; c. after the reaction is finished and cooled to room temperature, centrifugally washing, wherein deionized water is used for washing for 3 times, and ethanol is used for washing for 3 times; and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain ZIF67@ Go @ ZIF 8.
5. The lithium ion battery negative electrode material of claim 1 or 4, wherein the stirring is magnetic stirring, and the rotating speed is 100-300 r/min.
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