CN109707698B - Device for measuring friction force of hydraulic piston mechanism - Google Patents

Device for measuring friction force of hydraulic piston mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109707698B
CN109707698B CN201910027289.9A CN201910027289A CN109707698B CN 109707698 B CN109707698 B CN 109707698B CN 201910027289 A CN201910027289 A CN 201910027289A CN 109707698 B CN109707698 B CN 109707698B
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piston
oil cylinder
hydraulic
measuring
friction
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CN109707698A (en
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叶春浓
蒋志坚
葛正菊
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Intra Italia Hydraulics Foshan Shunde Co ltd
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Intra Italia Hydraulics Foshan Shunde Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a device for measuring friction force of a hydraulic piston mechanism, which comprises a driving system, a loading system, a piston assembly and a measuring system, wherein the driving system is connected with the loading system; the piston assembly comprises an oil cylinder and a piston, wherein an annular groove and two convex parts are arranged in the oil cylinder, the piston is arranged in an inner hole of the oil cylinder, the two convex parts and the piston form a sealing belt, and the two convex parts support the piston; the loading system injects pressure oil into the annular groove; the driving system drives the piston to move in the inner hole of the oil cylinder along the axial direction; the measurement system measures and analyzes the pressure of the drive system. Compared with the prior art, the oil cylinder is internally provided with the convex supporting piston and forms a sealing belt with the piston, other factors generating friction force with the piston are eliminated, the actual working condition can be simulated more truly and accurately, the hydraulic driving system is adopted to conveniently adjust the driving speed of the piston, and the whole device has a simple structure and high measurement precision.

Description

Device for measuring friction force of hydraulic piston mechanism
Technical Field
The invention relates to a piston friction force measuring device, in particular to a device for measuring the friction force of a hydraulic piston mechanism.
Background
The hydraulic transmission is widely applied due to the advantages of high power density, high response speed, flexible control and layout and the like, but the hydraulic transmission has the outstanding defects of low efficiency and high energy consumption, and the defect of high energy consumption is more and more prominent at present with increasingly short energy sources. Friction is a main cause of energy consumption, and a piston mechanism is a mechanism with the largest number of hydraulic elements, for example, a five-star motor has five pairs of piston mechanisms, a plunger pump generally has nine pairs of piston mechanisms, and each pair of piston mechanisms has friction force, so that energy loss is caused, and mechanical efficiency is reduced. Hydraulic component design manufacturers generally only test the mechanical efficiency of the whole machine, and rarely test the friction force of the key friction pair, namely the hydraulic component piston mechanism, independently, and lack deep understanding of the friction force law of the piston mechanism, so that improvement and innovation of products are difficult to realize.
To measure the friction force of the hydraulic piston mechanism, firstly, the actual working condition must be accurately simulated, and secondly, the problem which is difficult to solve is to remove other forces which are irrelevant to the friction force required to be measured. The literature, "Friction of dry rod seals at high level", discloses a method for measuring the Friction between a sealing ring and a piston, which uses a crank-link mechanism as a driving system to drive the piston to move, and uses three force sensors distributed at 120 degrees to measure the Friction, and the method has the advantages that the crank-link mechanism can realize the high-speed movement of the piston, and has the disadvantages that a plurality of Friction forces irrelevant to the measured Friction are not eliminated, such as Friction forces generated at bearings at two ends, sealing elements at two ends of the bearing, clearance sealing and the like, the Friction forces are additional Friction forces and are not required to be measured in project research, secondly, the highest loading pressure of the method is only 100bar, most of hydraulic transmission pressure is higher than 100bar, the scheme adopts clearance sealing, the clearance sealing is more difficult when the pressure exceeds 200bar (which is a common pressure level), and the clearance sealing leakage is too large, the test may not be performed, and finally, the crank link mechanism has a complicated structure, is difficult to manufacture, and has high cost.
The document "Measurement of friction between piston and displacement of axial piston displacement unit" (journal of International of fluid power, 2005) discloses a method for measuring the friction between a piston and a cylinder of a plunger pump, which is similar to the aforementioned method, and uses a force sensor to measure the friction, and a compensating plunger with the same diameter as the measured plunger, and also has the viscous friction for compensating the gap leakage of the plunger, and the friction is independent of the friction to be measured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the device for measuring the friction force of the hydraulic piston mechanism, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, accurate simulation of actual working conditions and high measurement precision.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the device for measuring the friction force of the hydraulic piston mechanism comprises a driving system, a loading system, a piston assembly and a measuring system;
the piston assembly comprises an oil cylinder and a piston, wherein an annular groove and two convex parts are arranged in the oil cylinder, the piston is arranged in an inner hole of the oil cylinder, the two convex parts and the piston form a sealing belt, and the two convex parts support the piston;
the loading system injects pressure oil into the annular groove;
the driving system drives the piston to move in the inner hole of the oil cylinder along the axial direction;
the measurement system measures and analyzes the pressure of the drive system.
The driving system drives the piston to move, the moving speed is determined according to the actual working condition of the piston mechanism, the friction force at the sealing belt formed by the piston and the convex part is just the friction force to be measured, the loading system injects pressure oil into the annular groove of the oil cylinder, and the pressure applied to the annular groove can be determined according to the actual working condition of the piston mechanism.
In the process that the piston moves along the axial direction of the oil cylinder, the influence of friction force needs to be overcome, and in a force balance state, when the resultant force acting on the piston is greater than or equal to the maximum static friction force, the driving system drives the piston to move, and at the moment, the pressure on two sides of the piston tends to be in a balance state. The measuring system detects and analyzes the pressure signal of the driving system, and the friction force to be measured is obtained by multiplying the pressure signal by the area of the end face of the piston after the pressure signal is converted and operated.
And the piston is supported by the two convex parts of the inner hole of the oil cylinder, so that the components of a bearing, two-end sealing pieces, clearance sealing and the like for supporting the piston in the prior art are eliminated, and the friction force irrelevant to the friction force required to be measured is eliminated. Of course, the two convex parts of the oil cylinder are identical in structure, size, material and surface smoothness, so that the friction force of each convex part and the friction force of the piston are equal, the friction force of the piston measured by the method is twice of the friction force of an actual piston mechanism, in other words, the friction force of the actual piston mechanism is half of the friction force measured by the technical scheme of the invention.
Furthermore, the driving system drives the piston to horizontally move in the X direction along the axial direction in the inner hole of the oil cylinder.
Furthermore, the end part of the oil cylinder is connected with a cup-shaped sleeve, and the cup-shaped sleeve, the oil cylinder and the piston form a closed chamber. Furthermore, the number of the cup-shaped sleeves is two, and the cup-shaped sleeves are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the oil cylinder. Correspondingly, the closed chambers comprise a left closed chamber and a right closed chamber.
During grinding, the directional valve of the driving system is repeatedly switched, the piston can reciprocate along the x axis, after the grinding is finished, measurement is carried out, the pressure difference of the left closed cavity and the right closed cavity is obtained through detecting the pressure signals of the left closed cavity and the right closed cavity, and the pressure difference is multiplied by the area of the piston to obtain the measured friction force.
Furthermore, the number of the cup-shaped sleeves is one, the cup-shaped sleeves are arranged at one end part of the oil cylinder, and the other end part of the oil cylinder is connected with a spring sleeve. The spring sleeve is connected with a spring end cover.
Furthermore, the piston assembly further comprises a spiral spring, one end of the spiral spring is abutted to a step arranged in an inner cavity of the spring end cover, and the other end of the spiral spring is abutted to the bottom end face of the inner cavity of the piston.
The driving system pushes the piston to extend out, the spiral spring is compressed together, when the driving system is unloaded, the spiral spring pushes the piston to retract, and the steps are repeated until the running-in is finished.
In the measuring state, that is: when the friction force between the piston and the oil cylinder is measured, the spiral spring is removed, other connection relations are unchanged, pressure signal data of a closed cavity formed by the oil cylinder, the cup-shaped sleeve and the piston are measured, the pressure signal data are recorded and stored by the hydraulic multimeter, the computer carries out data operation, and the friction force between the piston and the oil cylinder is obtained by multiplying the data by the area of the piston. In order to measure the accuracy, when the friction force between the piston and the oil cylinder needs to be measured for many times, the piston needs to be reset after each measurement is finished so as to carry out the next measurement.
Of course, for convenience, a push rod may be used to push the piston to reset.
Further, the driving system is a hydraulic driving system.
The hydraulic drive system includes a throttle valve which is adjusted to vary the flow rate to the piston assembly and thus the speed of movement of the piston.
Furthermore, the measuring system comprises a pressure sensor, a hydraulic multimeter and a computer, wherein the pressure sensor detects pressure signal data of the driving system, and the hydraulic multimeter records and stores the data of the pressure sensor and guides the data into the computer for analysis.
The measuring system can monitor data in real time, is convenient to store and analyze afterwards, and has high measuring accuracy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. two convex parts are arranged in the oil cylinder and used for supporting the piston, and a sealing belt is formed by the convex parts and the piston, so that the factor which can generate friction force with the piston is eliminated, the interference factor of friction force measurement is eliminated, and the actual working condition can be simulated more truly and accurately.
2. The hydraulic driving system is adopted to replace a crank link mechanism driving system in the prior art, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the speed of the piston is convenient to adjust.
3. The measuring system adopts pressure sensor and hydraulic multimeter, has replaced prior art's force sensor, and hydraulic multimeter sampling cycle can reach 5 milliseconds, can gather 200 data 1 second promptly, and the precision reaches 0.02%, and the hydraulic multimeter has assembleed record, storage, display function, conveniently is connected with the computer, both can real time monitoring data, can input the computer again, analysis afterwards, and measurement accuracy is high, convenient operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical hydraulic piston mechanism.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for measuring a frictional force of a hydraulic piston mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring the friction force of a hydraulic piston mechanism in embodiment 2 of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of fig. 4 in which a coil spring is removed to measure a frictional force.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the piston assembly of fig. 4 reset after measurement.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention more apparent, a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a typical construction diagram of a hydraulic piston mechanism, in which a cylinder and a piston are in a containing and contained relationship, an actual piston mechanism is that the piston compresses a hydraulic oil column under the action of external force, or the piston extends out under the pushing of the pressure of the hydraulic oil column, good sealing between the piston and the cylinder is a necessary condition for normal operation of the piston mechanism, some piston mechanisms use rubber sealing elements, some piston mechanisms use metal rings, some piston mechanisms do not use additional sealing elements, sealing is realized only by tight fit between the piston and the cylinder, no matter which sealing mode is adopted, friction force is generated at a sealing strip, and the friction force at the sealing strip is the friction force to be measured by the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, the device for measuring the friction force of the hydraulic piston mechanism comprises a hydraulic driving system 1, a loading system 2, a piston assembly 3 and a measuring system 4.
The hydraulic driving system 1 is a throttling and speed-regulating loop, the flow input into the piston assembly 3 is regulated through a throttle valve 5 to change the movement speed of the piston 6, and the movement speed is determined according to the actual working condition of the piston mechanism; the piston assembly 3 comprises an oil cylinder 7 internally provided with two convex parts 701 and 702 and an annular groove 703 and a piston 6 arranged in an inner hole of the oil cylinder 7, wherein the annular groove 703 is positioned between the two convex parts, the two convex parts 701 and 702 of the oil cylinder 7 and the piston 6 form a sealing belt for simulating a piston mechanism, a loading system 2 injects hydraulic oil into the annular groove 703, the pressure input into the annular groove 703 is adjusted by adjusting a throttle valve 18 of the loading system 2, and the pressure is determined according to the actual working condition of the piston mechanism, namely the actual working condition of the piston mechanism is simulated; the left end and the right end of the oil cylinder 7 are respectively connected with a cup-shaped sleeve 11, the cup-shaped sleeve 11 at the left end, the oil cylinder 7 and the piston 6 correspondingly form a left closed cavity 12, and the cup-shaped sleeve 11 at the right end, the oil cylinder 7 and the piston 6 correspondingly form a left closed cavity 12; the measuring system 4 comprises two pressure sensors 8, a hydraulic multimeter 9 and a computer 10, wherein the two pressure sensors 8 are respectively arranged on the left closed cavity and the right closed cavity and used for respectively detecting pressure signal data of the left closed cavity 12 and the right closed cavity 13, the hydraulic multimeter 9 records and stores the data of the two pressure sensors 8, the data recorded and stored by the hydraulic multimeter 9 are led into the computer 10 to be analyzed, and the difference between the pressures of the left closed cavity 12 and the right closed cavity 13 (the difference can be calculated and read by the multimeter 9) is multiplied by the area A of the end face of the piston to obtain the measured friction force.
The device provided by the invention has the advantages that two sealing strips are formed by the two convex parts 701 and 702 and the piston 6 in the oil cylinder, and the two convex parts 701 and 702 are identical in structure, size, material and smoothness, so that the actual friction force of the piston mechanism is half of the friction force measured by the device.
Before the friction force is measured, a certain stroke of running-in is generally needed between the oil cylinder 7 and the piston 6, which is realized by repeatedly switching a directional valve 19 of the driving system 1 to enable the piston 6 to do x-direction horizontal reciprocating motion along the axial direction.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, the device for measuring the friction force of the hydraulic piston mechanism comprises a hydraulic driving system 1, a loading system 2, a piston assembly 3 and a measuring system 4.
The difference between the apparatus for measuring the frictional force of a hydraulic piston mechanism shown in example 2 and the apparatus structure shown in example 1 is the piston assembly 3. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, one end of the oil cylinder 7 of the piston assembly 3 is connected with a cup-shaped sleeve 11, the oil cylinder 7, the cup-shaped sleeve 11 and the piston 6 form a closed containing cavity 13, the other end of the oil cylinder 7 is connected with one end of a spring sleeve 14, the other end of the spring sleeve 14 is connected with a spring end cover 15, the piston 6 is of a hollow structure with one closed end, a coil spring 16 is arranged in an inner cavity of the piston 6, one end of the coil spring 16 abuts against an inner cavity step 1501 of the spring end cover 15, and the other end abuts against a bottom end face 601 of the inner cavity of.
When the piston 6 and the oil cylinder 7 are in a running-in stage, the piston 6 moves left and right through the mutual matching of the directional valve 19 of the hydraulic driving system 1 and the spiral spring 16, namely when the directional valve 19 is in a left position, the hydraulic driving system 1 injects oil into the closed containing cavity 13 to push the piston 6 to move left, the spiral spring 16 is compressed together, when the directional valve 19 is in a middle position, the closed containing cavity 13 is unloaded, the spiral spring 16 pushes the piston 6 to move right, and the steps are repeated until the running-in is finished.
When the friction force between the piston 6 and the oil cylinder 7 is measured, as shown in fig. 5, the spiral spring 16 is removed, other connection relations are unchanged, the pressure sensor 8 measures pressure signal data of the closed cavity 13, the hydraulic multimeter 9 records and stores the data of the pressure sensor 8, then the data recorded and stored by the hydraulic multimeter 9 is led into the computer 10 to be analyzed, and the friction force between the piston 6 and the oil cylinder 7 is obtained by multiplying the data by the piston area a.
As shown in fig. 6, when the frictional force between the piston 6 and the cylinder 7 needs to be measured a plurality of times, the piston 6 is pushed by the push rod 17 to be reset after each measurement, and the next measurement is performed.
In the above embodiments 1 and 2, the two convex portions are arranged in the oil cylinder 7 and used for supporting the oil cylinder, and the two convex portions have the same material, structure and surface smoothness and form a sealing belt with the piston, so that the factor that friction force can be generated between the two convex portions and the piston is eliminated, the interference factor of friction force measurement is eliminated, and the actual working condition can be simulated more truly and accurately. And the hydraulic driving system is adopted to drive the piston to move, the structure is simple, and the driving speed of the piston is convenient to adjust. The measuring system adopts a pressure sensor and a hydraulic multimeter, and has high measuring precision and accuracy.
The device for measuring the friction force of the hydraulic piston mechanism provided by the two embodiments can truly and accurately simulate the actual working condition, eliminates the factors influencing the factuality of friction force measurement, and improves the measurement precision.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the modifications and equivalents of the specific embodiments of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, but these modifications and variations do not depart from the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. The device for measuring the friction force of the hydraulic piston mechanism comprises a driving system (1), a loading system (2), a piston assembly (3) and a measuring system (4);
the method is characterized in that:
the piston assembly (3) comprises an oil cylinder (7) internally provided with an annular groove (703) and two convex parts (701, 702) and a piston (6) arranged in an inner hole of the oil cylinder (7), the two convex parts (701, 702) and the piston (6) form a sealing belt, the two convex parts (701, 702) support the piston (6), and the two convex parts of the oil cylinder are identical in structure, size, material and surface finish, so that the friction force between each convex part and the piston is equal;
the loading system (2) injects pressure oil into the annular groove (703);
the driving system (1) drives the piston (6) to move in the inner hole of the oil cylinder (7) along the axial direction;
the measuring system (4) measures and analyzes the pressure of the drive system (1).
2. An apparatus for measuring friction of a hydraulic piston mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving system (1) drives the piston (6) to do X-direction horizontal movement in the inner hole of the oil cylinder (7) along the axial direction.
3. An apparatus for measuring friction of a hydraulic piston mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: the end part of the oil cylinder (7) is connected with a cup-shaped sleeve (11), and the cup-shaped sleeve (11), the oil cylinder (7) and the piston (6) form a closed chamber.
4. A device for measuring friction of a hydraulic piston mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: the number of the cup-shaped sleeves (11) is two, and the cup-shaped sleeves are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the oil cylinder (7).
5. A device for measuring friction of a hydraulic piston mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: the number of the cup-shaped sleeves (11) is one, the cup-shaped sleeves are arranged at one end part of the oil cylinder (7), and the other end part of the oil cylinder (7) is connected with a spring sleeve (14).
6. An apparatus for measuring friction of a hydraulic piston mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: the spring sleeve (14) is connected with a spring end cover (15).
7. An apparatus for measuring friction of a hydraulic piston mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: the piston assembly (3) further comprises a spiral spring (16), one end of the spiral spring (16) is abutted against a step (1501) arranged in an inner cavity of the spring end cover (15), and the other end of the spiral spring is abutted against the bottom end face (601) of the inner cavity of the piston (6).
8. Device for measuring the friction of a hydraulic piston mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the driving system (1) is a hydraulic driving system.
9. An apparatus for measuring friction of a hydraulic piston mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: the measuring system (4) comprises a pressure sensor (8), a hydraulic multimeter (9) and a computer (10), wherein the pressure sensor (8) detects the pressure of the driving system (1), and the hydraulic multimeter (9) records and stores the data of the pressure sensor (8) and guides the data into the computer (10) for analysis.
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CN110131239B (en) * 2019-05-15 2020-08-11 清华大学 Reciprocating seal experiment cylinder capable of measuring friction force of inner stroke and outer stroke
CN112781768A (en) * 2020-01-08 2021-05-11 河南牛帕力学工程研究院 Force sensor and hydraulic bearing device
CN111929056A (en) * 2020-09-03 2020-11-13 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 Sealing member motion resistance testing device
CN114088269A (en) * 2021-10-13 2022-02-25 中核核电运行管理有限公司 Online measuring device for friction force of piston of pilot type safety valve control cabinet

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