CN109707585B - Laser propulsion method based on phased array control - Google Patents
Laser propulsion method based on phased array control Download PDFInfo
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- CN109707585B CN109707585B CN201811564284.1A CN201811564284A CN109707585B CN 109707585 B CN109707585 B CN 109707585B CN 201811564284 A CN201811564284 A CN 201811564284A CN 109707585 B CN109707585 B CN 109707585B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser propulsion method based on phased array control, which comprises the following steps: the control unit controls the phased array, and the laser beam is accurately projected onto the transducer connected with the propelled object through the action of the phased array; the transducer converts the light energy of laser light beam into kinetic energy and promotes by the propulsion thing, and the in-process that is promoted by the propulsion thing is constantly fed back the information of self to the receiving element and is conveyed for the control unit, and the control unit adjusts control signal according to the feedback signal and controls the phased array and make the light beam can accurate projection on the transducer all the time. The invention can realize angle scanning by accurately controlling the light beam by the phased array. Compared with the traditional mechanical rotation laser propulsion, the method has the advantages of flexible rotation, high rotation sensitivity, high rotation speed and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser propulsion, in particular to a laser propulsion method based on phased array control.
Background
Laser propulsion is a technique that uses laser light pressure or energy conversion to propel a spacecraft. In the currently adopted chemical fuel propulsion, the carried chemical fuel has a very large weight ratio, most of energy is consumed in the propulsion process to propel the carried fuel, and the efficiency is very low. The laser propulsion is to propel the spacecraft by light pressure or laser conversion energy, the load ratio is higher compared with the chemical propulsion, the maximum speed limit of a chemical propulsion aircraft can be broken through, and the larger-range adjustment of the specific impulse and impulse coupling coefficient can be realized according to the requirement. The phased array utilizes the array units to control the direction of light beams, the light emitted by each emitting unit is coherent, and the shaping of the light beams and the emission in different directions can be realized by controlling the strength and the phase relation of the light waves emitted by each unit. Compared with the traditional mechanical rotation, the phased array beam control has the advantages of high rotation speed, high rotation resolution and the like.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN101737201A (application No. 200810225519.4) discloses a laser propulsion apparatus, comprising a laser for generating laser light, a propellant supply device for supplying the propellant, a laser focusing device for focusing the laser light on the propellant, and a combustion chamber for transferring the energy of the plasma to a photoship, wherein the propellant supply device is used for supplying the propellant, and the propellant in a laser irradiation region is substantially converted into plasma.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser propulsion method based on phased array control, which can realize angle scanning by accurately controlling a light beam through a phased array. Compared with the traditional mechanical rotation laser propulsion, the method has the advantages of flexible rotation, high rotation sensitivity, high rotation speed and the like. In addition, the method can realize the superposition of multiple light waves to further increase the light output power, can realize the flexible control of the multiple light waves, and is the first time to apply the phased array technology to laser propulsion.
A laser propulsion method based on phased array control comprises the following steps:
1) the control unit controls the phased array, and the laser beam is accurately projected onto the transducer connected with the propelled object through the action of the phased array;
2) the energy converter converts the light energy of laser instrument light beam into kinetic energy and promotes by the propulsive thing, and the information that is constantly being given back self to the receiving element and is conveyed for the control unit at the in-process that is promoted by the propulsive thing, and the control unit adjusts control signal according to feedback signal (the information of the propulsive thing self of feedback) and controls the phased array and make the light beam can accurate projection on the energy converter all the time.
In step 1), the phased array includes a beam splitter, a plurality of phase shifters connected to a light-emitting surface of the beam splitter, and each transmitting unit connected to each phase shifter, and a light-entering surface of the beam splitter is connected to the laser beam.
The control unit controls the phased array, and specifically comprises:
the control signal that the control unit sent acts on beam splitter and phase shifter, and the beam splitter divides the light beam that the laser instrument sent into many shares, and the phase shifter adds an additional phase shift for every light beam, has coherent characteristic between each light beam, and then mutually interferes in space after the transmission unit array that each transmitting unit formed sends out and forms coherent enhancement, realizes accurate space transmission through the intensity and the additional phase place of control every part.
The control signal from the control unit acts on a beam splitter which divides the beam from the laser into a plurality of parts and a phase shifter which adds an additional phase shift to each part of the beam, the beams have coherence properties, the beam from the laser is divided into n parts by the beam splitter, and the electric field of each partStrength of E1，E2，E3…Ei…EnThe phase shift added to each portion is phi1，φ2，φ3…φi…φnMeanwhile, the system is provided with n emitting units, each light beam has coherence property, and then the light beams are emitted through an emitting unit array formed by each emitting unit and interfere with each other in space to form coherence enhancement, wherein the interference formula is as follows:
where j denotes the imaginary unit, λ denotes the laser wavelength, riRepresenting the optical path from the transducer to the ith transmit unit,
representing the space vector from the transducer to the ith transmit unit, theta represents the pitch angle,
is the spatial propagation function of the transmitting unit. By controlling EiAnd phiiCoherent enhancement in a specific direction can be realized, so that real-time accurate propelling is realized, namely accurate space emission is realized by controlling the intensity and the additional phase of each part.
In step 2), the information of the propelled object in the process of being propelled comprises the position and the speed of the propelled object, namely the information of the position and the speed of the propelled object is continuously fed back to the receiving unit and is transmitted to the control unit in the process of being propelled.
The laser light beam is accurately projected to the transducer connected with the propelled object through the phased array effect, the transducer converts light energy into kinetic energy to push the propelled object, after the light beam is projected to the transducer, a part of light is reflected back to the receiving unit, information such as the instantaneous position and the speed of the propelled object can be analyzed through information carried by return light, the position and speed information can be analyzed through feedback of light signals, and information such as the position and the speed of the propelled object can be analyzed through information such as the phase, the frequency and the direction extracted from the feedback signals.
The receiving unit adopts coherent receiving and non-coherent receiving.
The number of the lasers is one or more, and light beams generated among the lasers do not have a coherent relation.
The light beam emission of the laser is distributed in a linear mode, a surface mode or a conformal mode.
The transducer can be selected as follows:
(a) the light sail is used for rebounding photons and converting the momentum of the photons into the momentum of the light sail;
(b) directly ablating solid or liquid propellant by using the high-energy characteristic of laser, and propelling by using reaction force;
(c) the light energy is converted into the electric energy to heat the propellant, so that a chemical energy supply mode is replaced.
In the method, a control unit controls a phased array, a laser beam is accurately projected onto a transducer connected with a propelled object through the action of the phased array, the transducer converts light energy into kinetic energy to push the propelled object, after the kinetic energy is projected onto the transducer, a part of light is reflected back to a receiving unit, information such as the instantaneous position, the speed and the like of the propelled object can be analyzed through information carried by return light, the propelled object continuously feeds the position and the speed of the propelled object back to the receiving unit in the process of being pushed and transmits the position and the speed to the control unit, the control unit analyzes the feedback information and controls the phased array to realize beam deflection, and the control unit adjusts a control signal through the feedback signal to enable the beam to be accurately projected onto the transducer all the time, so that continuous real-time propulsion is realized; compared with mechanical rotation, the phased array has higher rotation precision and higher speed on the wave beam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the phased array is adopted to control the propelling direction, so that the rotating is more flexible, the rotating speed is higher and the rotating sensitivity is higher compared with the mechanical rotating.
2. The speed and position information of the propelled object can be fed back to the controller in real time in the propelling process, and the controller can accurately control continuous propelling.
3. Through the design of a phased array, the superposition of multiple beams of laser can be realized, and the laser power is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the laser propulsion method (incoherent reception) based on phased array control according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the laser propulsion method (coherent reception) based on phased array control according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the phased array of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prophetic example of the method of the present invention;
wherein, 1 is a laser receiving end, 2 is a propelled object, and 3 is a transmitting unit.
Detailed Description
The embodiments are described by using figures and characters, the figures used in the present invention are schematic diagrams, and in order to facilitate the clear and clear description of the contents of the present invention, some structures in the figures are changed in relative dimensions, and are not in precise proportion.
The core idea of the invention is that the phased array is used for shaping the laser beam, the output direction of the beam can be adjusted rapidly and accurately, the laser is applied to the transducer connected with the propelled object to generate thrust, part of the light is reflected to enter the control unit, and the information such as the direction, the speed and the like of the propelled object can be acquired, so that the beam direction can be adjusted more accurately, and the high-efficiency laser propulsion is realized. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the control unit controls the phased array, the light beam that the laser sent passes through the phased array effect and accurately projects on the transducer that is connected with the thing that is impelled, the transducer converts light energy into kinetic energy and impels the thing, impelled the thing and constantly give the receiving element with the position and the speed feedback of self and communicate for the control unit at the in-process that is impeld, the control unit controls the phased array according to feedback signal adjustment control signal and makes the light beam can accurately project on the transducer all the time.
1. The phased array is used to produce light output in any direction. As shown in FIG. 2, the control signal from the control unit acts on the beam splitter and the shifter of the phased arrayOn the phase device, the light beam emitted by the laser is divided into n parts by the beam splitter, and the electric field intensity of each part is E1，E2，E3…Ei…EnThe phase shift added to each portion is phi1，φ2，φ3…φi…φnThe light beams have coherent characteristics, and are transmitted by the transmitting unit array and then interfere with each other in space, and the interference formula is as follows:
where j denotes the imaginary unit, λ denotes the laser wavelength, riRepresenting the optical path from the transducer to the ith transmit antenna element,
representing the space vector from the transducer to the ith transmit antenna element, theta represents the elevation angle,
is the spatial propagation function of the transmitting unit. By controlling EiAnd phiiThe coherent enhancement in a specific direction can be realized, so that real-time accurate propulsion is realized.
When we want to get a precise projection of the theta direction, E can be controlled as shown in fig. 2iConst, const denotes a constant value,
wherein d isiIs the distance of each transmitting unit from the reference unit.
2. Analysis of the feedback signal. The phased array transmits information to the space with azimuth angle information. Distance information can be calculated by analyzing the time difference between the transmitted signal and the returned signal, and the distance calculation formula is as follows:
where c is the speed of light, Δ t is the transmit return time difference, and L represents the distance. The speed information of the propelled object can be obtained through the analysis of the spectrum, and when the object has a speed, the returned light generates Doppler frequency shift, and the frequency shift amount is delta f;
where f is the frequency of light wave, v is the moving speed of the propelled object, c is the speed of light, and α is the angle between the moving direction and the light beam direction.
3. The receiving unit may be coherent or non-coherent. As shown in fig. 1, in the incoherent case, the velocity information can be obtained only by performing spectral analysis on the received light; as shown in fig. 2, in the coherent situation, a small portion of light is split from the light beam emitted by the laser and the reflected light signal is beat-frequency, so as to obtain a difference frequency signal, and thus obtain the velocity information.
4. And (4) laser propelling. The laser receiving end receives the laser and converts the energy of the laser into kinetic energy to propel the object. The energy conversion mode can be a light sail, and the momentum of photons is converted into the momentum of the photons; or directly converting the heat energy into heat energy to ablate the propellant to generate recoil action to form propulsion; or the light energy can be converted into electric energy to be stored instead of chemical energy, and the electric energy can be converted into required energy to supply energy when required.
5. Fig. 4 shows an application example, 1 is a laser receiving end of a transducer, in this case a photoelectric conversion plate and chemical fuel, 2 is an propelled object, and 3 is a transmitting unit (i.e., phased array transmitting end). Firstly, locking the initial position of the propelled object 2 and adjusting the emitting unit 3 to enable the laser beam generated by the emitting unit to irradiate the photoelectric conversion plate of the laser receiving end 1 of the transducer, wherein the laser receiving end 1 of the transducer firstly converts the energy of the received laser into electric energy, and then the electric energy is utilized to ignite chemical fuel to convert the chemical fuel into kinetic energy required by self-propelling, so as to push the propelled object 2 to move. And a small part of laser is reflected back to the receiving unit except the part converted into electric energy, and the information such as the position, the speed and the like of the propelled object is analyzed according to the method, so that the transmitting end of the phased array is adjusted, and the real-time propulsion is realized.
Claims (1)
1. A laser propulsion method based on phased array control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the control unit controls the phased array, and the laser beam is accurately projected onto the transducer connected with the propelled object through the action of the phased array;
the phased array comprises a beam splitter, a plurality of phase shifters connected with the light emitting surface of the beam splitter, and transmitting units connected with the phase shifters, wherein the light inlet surface of the beam splitter is connected with the light beam of the laser;
the control unit controls the phased array, and specifically comprises:
the control signal from the control unit is applied to a beam splitter and a phase shifter, the beam splitter divides the beam from the laser into a plurality of parts, the phase shifter adds an additional phase shift to each part of the beam, the beams have coherence properties, the beam from the laser is divided into n parts by the beam splitter, and the electric field intensity of each part is E1，E2，E3…Ei…EnThe phase shift added to each portion is phi1，φ2，φ3…φi…φnMeanwhile, the system is provided with n emitting units, each light beam has coherence property, and then the light beams are emitted through an emitting unit array formed by each emitting unit and interfere with each other in space to form coherence enhancement, wherein the interference formula is as follows:
where j denotes the imaginary unit, λ denotes the laser wavelength, riRepresenting the optical path from the transducer to the ith transmit unit,
representing the space vector from the transducer to the ith transmit unit, theta represents the pitch angle,
is the spatial propagation function of the transmitting unit;
2) the energy converter converts the light energy of the laser beam into kinetic energy to push the propelled object, the propelled object continuously feeds back the information of the propelled object to the receiving unit and transmits the information to the control unit in the process of being pushed, and the control unit adjusts the control signal according to the feedback signal to control the phased array so that the light beam can be accurately projected onto the energy converter all the time;
the information of the propelled object in the process of being propelled comprises the position and the speed of the propelled object.
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| US5757319A (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 1998-05-26 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Ultrabroadband, adaptive phased array antenna systems using microelectromechanical electromagnetic components |
| US6586702B2 (en) * | 1997-09-25 | 2003-07-01 | Laser Electro Optic Application Technology Company | High density pixel array and laser micro-milling method for fabricating array |
| CN1226815C (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2005-11-09 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Phase control array laser device manufactured by using vertical cavity surface emitting semi-conductor laser |
| JP4104132B2 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2008-06-18 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | High speed particle generator |
| CN101737201A (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-06-16 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Laser propulsion device |
| US10181060B2 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2019-01-15 | The Boeing Company | Methods and systems for real time RFID locating onboard an aircraft |
| CN102122096B (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-05-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Large-angle light beam deflection implementation device and deflection method thereof based on liquid crystal optical phased array |
| US9753351B2 (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-09-05 | Quanergy Systems, Inc. | Planar beam forming and steering optical phased array chip and method of using same |
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| CN206225552U (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-06-06 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | A kind of terahertz light conductance phased array antenna system |
| CN107272016B (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2021-01-08 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Beam scanning light-controlled phased array radar based on optical switch |
| CN107979462B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-07-14 | 中南大学 | Quantum key distribution system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and implementation method thereof |
| CN108646430A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-10-12 | 浙江大学 | A kind of multi-thread scanning system of Single wavelength based on thermo-optical switch and silicon optical phased array |
| CN108897003B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2021-05-04 | 北京理工大学 | Dual-mode control phased array laser radar system and method |
| CN108957900A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of multi-beam optical phased array antenna based on silicon substrate |
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