CN109707571A - Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method and tower based on frequency control - Google Patents

Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method and tower based on frequency control Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109707571A
CN109707571A CN201811496432.0A CN201811496432A CN109707571A CN 109707571 A CN109707571 A CN 109707571A CN 201811496432 A CN201811496432 A CN 201811496432A CN 109707571 A CN109707571 A CN 109707571A
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tower
shell ring
hyperbolic
frequency
wind turbines
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CN109707571B (en
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吕超
张国伟
李钢强
程洪民
宋健
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Shandong Zhongche Wind Power Co Ltd
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Shandong Zhongche Wind Power Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728Onshore wind turbines

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design methods and tower based on frequency control, the described method comprises the following steps: determining the hyperbola tower total height, wall thickness and maximum gauge;It initializes multiple groups hyperbolic focus and half real axis is long, using frequency and intensity requirement as constraint condition, optimizing is carried out based on population Multipurpose Optimal Method, obtains the optimal solution of hyperbolic focus and half real axis length;The shell ring number for setting tower, obtains the size of each shell ring based on the optimal solution and shell ring number.The disclosure can design the wind-power tower outer shape for meeting various frequency needs, and can guarantee the light-weight design of tower weight.

Description

Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method and tower based on frequency control
Technical field
The disclosure belongs to technical field of wind power generation more particularly to a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type based on frequency control Tower design method and tower.
Background technique
Covibration is a physical system under specific frequency, does the case where vibrating than other frequencies with bigger amplitude. The driving frequency that blower resonance shows as wheel rotation is intersected or is overlapped with tower intrinsic frequency, every time when wind speed round is run on When interval of resonance, the phenomenon that blower can generate violent shake, and compressor emergency shutdown can be triggered, longtime running will affect unit hair Electricity, while also resulting in the disasters such as the destruction of tower, leaf destruction.As domestic installation amount increases, wind-resources are preferable, install Convenient place is fewer and fewer, and in order to make up the increase of the poor brought cost of wind-resources, wind power plant owner is generally required more Big rotor diameter, higher tower etc. make up the deficiency of generated energy brought by small rotor diameter, low tower height blower Problem, and according to the requirement of traffic condition, general tower outer dia avoids resonating no more than 4.5m, according to unit design Requirement, tower frequency and blade rotational frequency anti-vibration section at least will be more than 5%, these all give setting for current Wind turbines Meter, operation etc. bring stern challenge.The key point for influencing tower frequency mainly has tower material, structure size, external shape Shape etc., and in the case where tower material, structure size determine, the outer shape of tower is larger to the frequency influence of tower, and Wind tower barrel structure form mainly has complete tapered, tapered, the right cone type of change in existing market, and current tower structure type can not be complete Match requirement of the current wind power plant market to tower, that is, in the case where guaranteeing that traffic condition is unrestricted, tower height want it is high, Weight wants requirement light, that frequency range will meet unit safety operation.
Summary of the invention
To overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, present disclose provides a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolas based on frequency control Type tower design method and tower, this method tower bottom, top flange diameter and tower height wall thickness limit under conditions of, with Tower intensity and frequency are constraint condition, seek hyp optimum shape using Multipurpose Optimal Method, by controlling hyperbolic Curvature of a curve can adjust the frequency of wind-power tower structure.This method can design outside the wind-power tower for meeting various frequency needs Shape, and can guarantee the light-weight design of tower weight.
To achieve the above object, the disclosure adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method based on frequency control, comprising the following steps:
Determine the hyperbola tower total height, wall thickness and maximum gauge;
It initializes multiple groups hyperbolic focus and half real axis is long, using frequency and intensity requirement as constraint condition, be based on population Multipurpose Optimal Method carries out optimizing, obtains the optimal solution of hyperbolic focus and half real axis length;
The shell ring number for setting tower, obtains the size of each shell ring based on the optimal solution and shell ring number.
Further, the population Multipurpose Optimal Method specifically includes:
(1) it initializes the long population of multiple groups hyperbolic focus and half real axis, and sets the focus and half real axis is long Position range and velocity interval;
(2) for every group of focus and the long particle solution of half real axis, corresponding tower intrinsic frequency and intensive parameter are calculated, is judged Whether frequency and intensity constraint condition is met, if being all satisfied, using the maximum particle solution of intensity allowance as optimal solution;If it exists One or more tower intrinsic frequencies or intensive parameter are unsatisfactory for the constraint condition, then with closest to the grain of constraint condition Son is as optimization solution;
(3) judge whether to reach maximum number of iterations, update particle position and speed if it is not, solving according to optimization, return to step Suddenly (2);If so, selecting in feasible particle solution the maximum particle of intensity allowance as optimal solution.
Further, frequency constraints include:
Or
Or
Wherein fRWind wheel maximum turns frequency, f when to operate normallyR,mFor the jump frequency of m blade, f0,nIt is the n-th of tower A intrinsic frequency.
Further, strength constraint condition includes: bending for the constraint of weld seam ultimate strength, weld fatigue strength constraint and cylinder Song constraint.
Further, the size for obtaining each shell ring based on the optimal solution and shell ring number includes:
The monnolithic case of hyperbola tower is obtained according to the total height of the optimal solution and tower;
Monnolithic case is divided based on shell ring number, the upper and lower opening diameter dimension of each shell ring is obtained, in conjunction with wall Thickness obtains the shape of each shell ring;The upper and lower opening diameter of each shell ring meets formula:
Wherein, D and L respectively indicates tower diameter of section and corresponding tower height, and a is that half real axis is long, and b is half imaginary axis It is long.
Further, the method also obtains the flange size for connecting each section tower.
Further, the shell ring number n meets: 3≤n≤6.
One or more embodiments provide a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower, including sequentially connected by flange Multiple shell rings, method obtains by above-mentioned design for the upper and lower opening diameter dimension and flange size of each shell ring.
Further, the shell ring is welded after being rolled by steel plate.
Further, the flange uses L-type or T-type structure, is equipped with equally distributed through-hole, for installing two sections of connection The bolt of tower.
The beneficial effect of the disclosure
Present disclose provides a kind of design methods of hyperbolic-type tower, high in tower bottom, top flange diameter and tower It spends under conditions of wall thickness limitation, using tower intensity and frequency as constraint condition, is sought using Multipurpose Optimal Method hyp Optimum shape, to design the design scheme for taking into account tower intrinsic frequency and tower intensity.
And the shape (form parameters such as hyperbola curvature) of tower and being associated with for tower intrinsic frequency are realized, thus real Show the controllable of wind-power tower structure frequency, can satisfy the design of tower intrinsic frequency, and can guarantee tower weight Lightweight, solve the problems, such as tower diameter and it is height-limited when be likely to occur tower resonance, make wind-driven generator more Good is suitable for complicated wind-resources region.
Detailed description of the invention
The Figure of description for constituting a part of this disclosure is used to provide further understanding of the disclosure, and the disclosure is shown Meaning property embodiment and its explanation do not constitute the improper restriction to the disclosure for explaining the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present disclosure hyperbola tower structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is one structural schematic diagram of embodiment of the present disclosure pyramid type shell ring;
Fig. 3 is two structural schematic diagram of embodiment of the present disclosure pyramid type shell ring;
Fig. 4 is three structural schematic diagram of embodiment of the present disclosure pyramid type shell ring;
Fig. 5 is four structural schematic diagram of embodiment of the present disclosure pyramid type shell ring;
Fig. 6 is embodiment of the present disclosure flange arrangement schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is embodiment of the present disclosure hyperbola tower optimum design method overview flow chart;
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of multiple-objection optimization in the embodiment of the present disclosure;
Wherein: 1- shell ring one, 2- shell ring two, 3- shell ring three, 4- shell ring four, 5- flange one, 6- cone shell ring one, 7- method Orchid two, 8- cone shell ring two, 9- flange three, 10- cone shell ring three, 11- flange four, 12- cone shell ring four, 13, method Orchid five.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that described further below be all exemplary, it is intended to provide further instruction to the disclosure.Unless another It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with disclosure person of an ordinary skill in the technical field The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root According to the illustrative embodiments of the disclosure.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
In the absence of conflict, the feature in the embodiment and embodiment in the disclosure can be combined with each other.
The purpose of the present embodiment is to design a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower based on frequency control, the tower packet Including sequentially connected multiple conical shell rings, each shell ring from top to bottom is nearly hyperbolic by flanged joint, the monnolithic case of tower Cable architecture.
The nearly hyperbolic configuration of the tower be connect each section tower flange diameter meet hyperbolic configuration requirement.It is described Hyperbolic configuration be using tower center line as y-axis, tower radial direction is x-axis, each hyperbolic for saving tower drum flange diameter and determining Cable architecture.
The flange and shell ring will meet every LOAD FOR requirement such as intensity, buckling as defined in standard, fatigue.
The conical shell ring rolls shell ring welding by multistage, and single-unit shell ring is welded after being rolled by steel plate, shell ring Outer diameter guarantees conical structure, and diameter is identical as the diameter of upper lower flange up and down for conical shell ring, pyramid type shell ring wall thickness and height Degree by traffic condition, manufacture craft, loading demands and wind field it needs to be determined that.
The tower and flange number is standard design scheme, but the not limitation of this programme design, can be according to transport Condition and wind field power generation requirements successively increase tower joint number and flange number, and tower minimum number is no less than 3 sections, at most not high In 6 sections.
In one preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the tower, including upper coarse and lower fine conical shell ring 1, upper thin Thick conical shell ring 22, up-thin-low-thick shell ring 33 and up-thin-low-thick shell ring 44 down, each section shell ring pass through flange height Strength bolt connection.Flange one is connect with blower foundation, and flange five is connect with fan engine room.Tower monnolithic case is nearly hyperbolic knot Structure.
As shown in Fig. 2, shell ring 1 consists of three parts, including upper flange 1, conical shell ring 1, flange 27 is welded It connects, conical shell ring 1 rolls shell ring by multistage and welds, and single-unit shell ring is welded after being rolled by steel plate, shell ring outer diameter Guarantee that conical structure, conical about one 6 diameter of shell ring are identical as the diameter of flange 1, flange 27 respectively.
As shown in figure 3, shell ring 22 consists of three parts, including upper flange 27, conical shell ring 28, flange 39 is welded It connects, conical shell ring 28 rolls shell ring by multistage and welds, and single-unit shell ring is welded after being rolled by steel plate, shell ring outer diameter Guarantee that conical structure, conical about 28 diameter of shell ring are identical as the diameter of flange 26, flange 39 respectively.
As shown in figure 4, shell ring 33 consists of three parts, including upper flange 39, and conical shell ring 3 10, flange 4 11 It is welded, conical shell ring 3 10 rolls shell ring by multistage and welds, and single-unit shell ring is welded after being rolled by steel plate, outside shell ring Diameter guarantees that conical structure, conical about 3 10 diameter of shell ring are identical as the diameter of flange 39, flange 4 11 respectively.
As shown in figure 5, shell ring 44 consists of three parts, including upper flange 4 11, and conical shell ring 4 12, flange five 13 are welded, and conical shell ring 4 11 rolls shell ring by multistage and welds, and single-unit shell ring is welded after being rolled by steel plate, shell ring Outer diameter guarantees that conical structure, conical about 4 12 diameter of shell ring are identical as the diameter of flange 4 11, flange 5 13 respectively.
As shown in fig. 6, one~flange of flange four is L-type structure, L-type or T-type structure is can be used in flange five.Flange arrangement is With neck ring structure, there are uniform pore openings on flanged plate, for the bolt installation of tower connection, outer flange neck is used for and shell ring welds It connects.
As shown in fig. 7, the design method of the hyperbola tower is as follows:
Step 1: determining the hyperbola tower total height Lmax, wall thickness t and maximum dimension Dmax
Step 2: the initialization multiple groups hyperbolic focus F and long a of half real axis, using frequency and intensity requirement as constraint condition, base Optimizing is carried out in population Multipurpose Optimal Method, obtains the optimal solution of hyperbolic focus and half real axis length;
Step 3: setting the shell ring number of tower, the size of each shell ring is obtained based on the optimal solution and shell ring number.
Wherein, the reference representation of hyperbola tower shape projection:
In the step 2, frequency constraints include:
Wherein fRWind wheel maximum turns frequency, f when to operate normallyR,mFor the jump frequency of m blade, f0,nIt is the n-th of tower A intrinsic frequency.
Strength constraint condition includes: the buckling-restrained of the constraint of weld seam ultimate strength, weld fatigue strength constraint and cylinder.
Specifically, each weld seam ultimate strength will meet following principle:
Wherein SF is material factor, and σ is weld seam direct stress, and τ is weld seam shearing stress, fykFor material allowable stress.
Each weld fatigue intensity will meet following principle:
Wherein ni,σFor cycle-index corresponding to range of stress σ i, Ni,σFor the permitted cycle-index of range of stress σ i, m For the number of the σ i after rain-flow counting.
The buckling of each cylinder will meet following principle
Wherein σx,EdFor axial compression stress, σx,RdFor longitudinal design buckling stress, τxθ,EdFor shear stress, τxθ,RdFor shearing Design buckling stress, χxAnd χτFor corresponding buckling reduction coefficient specified in standard.
As shown in figure 8, including: based on population Multipurpose Optimal Method in the step 2
(1) n focus F is initialized1With the population of the long a of half real axis, position range is set as [c1-c2] and [a1- a2], Velocity interval is set as β m;
(2) judge focus F1It is carried out with the long a particle solution feasibility of half real axis according to formula (9), (10), (12), (13) Tower intrinsic frequency calculates and intensive parameter calculates;
Judge whether the tower intrinsic frequency calculated and intensive analysis result meet preset condition, that is, whether meet formula (2)-(3) frequency requirement and the intensity requirement for whether meeting formula (4), (5), (6), if there is any one require it is less than Foot, intrinsic frequency and intensive analysis result exceed preset value in other words, then to violate the lesser particle of restrictive condition as optimization Solution, if in intrinsic frequency and intensive analysis result in scope of design, using the maximum particle of intensity allowance as optimization Solution;
(3) it is solved according to optimization and updates particle position and speed;
(4) judge whether to reach maximum number of iterations, if NO, then jump procedure (2) continues to iterate to calculate, if it is It is to select to meet the maximum particle of intensity allowance in tower intrinsic frequency and the feasible particle solution of intensive analysis to count as optimal solution Terminate.
In the step (2), tower calculation method for natural frequencies is as follows:
Simplifying tower is cantilever beam, finite element discretization is carried out using two node beam elements, if a certain element length of tower is L, cell density ρe, N is Hermite unit function matrix, and E is elasticity modulus, and I is cross sectional moment of inertia, and A is unit section face Product.To any cell, mass matrix meWith elastic matrix ketAre as follows:
me=∫ ρeNTNdv (7)
It can be obtained by formula (7), (8):
The tower undamped-free vibration differential equation are as follows:
Own vibration is simple harmonic oscillation, enables Y (t)=φ sin (ω t+ θ), φ is the n rank vector being unrelated with the time, and ω is Circular frequency is vibrated, θ is initial phase, obtain eigenmatrix equation:
(K-ω2M) φ=0 (12)
(12) formula is `Homogeneous Linear minimax estimator, and the condition for having untrivialo solution is that the determinant of coefficient is equal to zero, i.e.,
det(K-ω2M)=0 (13)
Pass through the eigenvalue matrix and vibration shape matrix that can be calculated system:
Φ=[φ1 φ2 … φn] (15)
According to formula (9)-(15), the intrinsic frequency f of tower can be acquired0,nValue.(fan design generally only proofreads single order Frequency, that is, f0,1;f0,2)
Wherein unit sectional area are as follows:
D is unit diameter of section, and t is the cylinder wall thickness in unit section, and D value need to meet formula (1), it may be assumed that
It is required according to transport, the requirement of wind field unit, maximum dimension DmaxValue, tower total height LmaxFor given value, due to cylinder Body wall thickness is smaller to the influence factor of frequency, if respectively section cylinder wall thickness t is fixed value.Hyperbolic focus range is determined, using more Objective optimization algorithm meets formula (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) requirement, can be obtained optimal hyperbolic-type tower structure.
Above-mentioned optimization algorithm is preferably particle swarm optimization algorithm, and genetic algorithm or ant group algorithm etc. also can be used.Also may be used Using finite element software Worlbench, Design Exploration multiple target Drive Optimization.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, are not limited to the disclosure, for the skill of this field For art personnel, the disclosure can have various modifications and variations.It is all within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, it is made any to repair Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the protection scope of the disclosure.
Although above-mentioned be described in conjunction with specific embodiment of the attached drawing to the disclosure, model not is protected to the disclosure The limitation enclosed, those skilled in the art should understand that, on the basis of the technical solution of the disclosure, those skilled in the art are not Need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still within the protection scope of the disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method based on frequency control, which comprises the following steps:
Determine the hyperbola tower total height, wall thickness and maximum gauge;
It initializes multiple groups hyperbolic focus and half real axis is long, using frequency and intensity requirement as constraint condition, be based on the more mesh of population It marks optimization method and carries out optimizing, obtain the optimal solution of hyperbolic focus and half real axis length;
The shell ring number for setting tower, obtains the size of each shell ring based on the optimal solution and shell ring number.
2. a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method based on frequency control as described in claim 1, feature It is, the population Multipurpose Optimal Method specifically includes:
(1) population of multiple groups hyperbolic focus and half real axis length is initialized, and sets the position of the focus and half real axis length Range and velocity interval;
(2) for every group of focus and the long particle solution of half real axis, corresponding tower intrinsic frequency and intensive parameter is calculated, is judged whether Meet frequency and intensity constraint condition, if being all satisfied, using the maximum particle solution of intensity allowance as optimal solution;One if it exists Or more than one tower intrinsic frequency or intensive parameter are unsatisfactory for the constraint condition, then to make closest to the particle of constraint condition For optimization solution;
(3) judge whether to reach maximum number of iterations, update particle position and speed, return step if it is not, solving according to optimization (2);If so, selecting in feasible particle solution the maximum particle of intensity allowance as optimal solution.
3. a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method based on frequency control as claimed in claim 2, feature It is, frequency constraints include:
Or
Or
Wherein fRWind wheel maximum turns frequency, f when to operate normallyR,mFor the jump frequency of m blade, f0,nN-th for tower is intrinsic Frequency.
4. a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method based on frequency control as claimed in claim 2, feature It is, strength constraint condition includes: the buckling-restrained of the constraint of weld seam ultimate strength, weld fatigue strength constraint and cylinder.
5. a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method based on frequency control as described in claim 1, feature It is, the size for obtaining each shell ring based on the optimal solution and shell ring number includes:
The monnolithic case of hyperbola tower is obtained according to the total height of the optimal solution and tower;
Monnolithic case is divided based on shell ring number, the upper and lower opening diameter dimension of each shell ring is obtained, is in conjunction with wall thickness Obtain the shape of each shell ring;The upper and lower opening diameter of each shell ring meets formula:
Wherein, D and L respectively indicates tower diameter of section and corresponding tower height, and a is that half real axis is long, and b is that half imaginary axis is long.
6. a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method based on frequency control as described in claim 1, feature It is, the method obtains the flange size for connecting each section tower also according to the upper and lower opening diameter dimension of shell ring.
7. a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower design method based on frequency control as described in claim 1, feature It is, the shell ring number n meets: 3≤n≤6.
8. a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower, which is characterized in that including passing through the sequentially connected multiple shell rings of flange, each The upper and lower opening diameter dimension and flange size of the shell ring are obtained by any one of claim 1-7 design method.
9. a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the shell ring is rolled by steel plate After be welded.
10. a kind of Wind turbines hyperbolic-type tower as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the flange using L-type or T-type structure is equipped with equally distributed through-hole, for installing the bolt of two section towers of connection.
CN201811496432.0A 2018-12-07 2018-12-07 Wind turbine generator set hyperbolic tower drum design method based on frequency control and tower drum Active CN109707571B (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110159491A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-08-23 三一重能有限公司 A kind of wind-power generating unit tower semi-automatic design method and device
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CN112084586A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-12-15 许昌许继风电科技有限公司 Method and system for checking strength of vertical flange and connecting bolt of split tower
CN112084586B (en) * 2020-08-06 2024-05-14 许昌许继风电科技有限公司 Method and system for checking strength of vertical flange and connecting bolt of segmented tower barrel
CN113868927A (en) * 2021-10-15 2021-12-31 华北电力大学 Double-wind-wheel fan tower barrel optimization design method and system

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