CN109706881A - Estuary coast engineering storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system and its method - Google Patents
Estuary coast engineering storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system and its method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Estuary coast engineering storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system and its method, experimental trough are equipped with wave maker, are additionally provided with air duct, and air duct upstream is equipped with blower.It is all equipped with intake pool and tide box from the outside to the core at the upstream and downstream both ends of experimental trough, two-way pump is equipped between intake pool and tide box；Valve is equipped between tide box and experimental trough.The present invention can overcome the shortcomings of that traditional technology cannot really simulate natural trend apoplexy, tide and wave collective effect effect, this laboratory analog system can real simulation estuary coast Regional Port channel silt become silted up suddenly beach evolution, ocean, water conservancy, harbour, fishery, military engineering structure, hazard scope and safe condition under typhoon storm tide and high seas synergy.Can carry out following test: test power: wind, astronomical tide, storm increase (subtracting) water and typhoon.It generates the wind of specific region and simulates outlet air, simulate storm tide, simulate stormy waves.Integrated " wind+tide+wave " generates system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laboratory analog systems, and in particular to a kind of storm surge disaster of estuary coast engineering is moved entirely
Power laboratory analog system.The invention further relates to the experimental methods of this laboratory analog system.
Technical background
Since tide (containing storm tide) differs greatly with wave action time span, while estuary coast is carried out in laboratory
Engineering structure safety, often uses normal state or small scaled model, in laboratory often using difference water when corresponding to tidal action
Position, the experiment different in flow rate for carrying out wind, wave respectively and building being acted on.In recent years, also have using change water level or using phase
Trend process is answered to improve the experimental method of trend.Such as: No. 2017100391776 Chinese patent application discloses one kind
Coupling generates the device of irregular littoral zone wave tide in laboratory: including sink (pond), mono-pendulum type wave maker, automatic lifting
Formula tide generator, control computer；Automatic-lifting type tide generator, automatic-lifting type tide hair are arranged in the most upstream of device
Mono-pendulum type wave maker, the control Ji Suan Fan control are arranged in raw device downstream connection water channel (pond) entrance, sink (pond) inlet
The water flow of sink (pond), the movement of mono-pendulum type wave maker and automatic-lifting type tide generator lifting.The sink (pond)
Including return flume (pond), variable frequency pump, connecting pipe, sink (pond) test section and flow control system；Sink (pond) test
Section connects return flume (pond) by connecting pipe, and return flume (pond) passes through the water inlet of variable frequency pump and automatic-lifting type tide generator
Mouth is connected.
However, under natural endowment, wind, tide and wave be it is coefficient, apparatus and method in the prior art but cannot
Really simulate this natural trend.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system of estuary coast engineering, solutions
The problem of certainly traditional technology cannot really simulate natural trend apoplexy, tide, surge with wave collective effect, can true mould
Quasi- estuary coast Regional Port channel silt becomes silted up beach evolution suddenly, and research ocean, water conservancy, harbour, fishery, military engineering knot are in platform
Hazard scope and safety under storm tide and high seas synergy.
The technical solution for accomplishing the above inventive task is that: the storm surge disaster full power laboratory mould of the estuary coast engineering
The dynamical system of quasi- system is made of wind system, raw tidal system system, wave making system, raw stream four part of replenishment system.In experimental tank
(pond) is generated as wind system and is surged caused by stormy waves caused by typhoon and storm；Astronomical tide is generated by raw tidal system system is main；By making
What wave system system generation mainly needed surges；Necessary water flow is generated with raw stream replenishment system supplement.It is basic with fluid dynamics
Theoretical and Mechanical course is theoretical, carries out comprehensively control and compensation to above four kinds of dynamical system equipment are generated, reaches and meet engineering
The purpose of design and model theory.
Control system equipment construction plan view such as Fig. 1；Drawing in side sectional elevation such as Fig. 2；
Each system composition is as follows:
Raw wind system: it is made of air duct, blower and anemobiagraph；Blower can be suction-type or blowing-type.It is controlled by computer
It can produce constant wind or the RANDOM WIND with specific wind spectrum；
Raw tidal system system: facility, wave breaker, tailgate, current meter, limnimeter etc. are applied by tide box, pressure and formed.Tide box
Volume is related with the tide of sink size and required generation；Pressure, which applies facility, can be by wind pressurization or is formed by decompression method
Negative pressure) composition；The wave size that wave breaker length needs to remove is related；Pressure applies facility and tailgate is controlled by computer.
Raw wave system system: it is made of wave maker, wave-height gauge, wave breaker etc.；Wave maker can produce regular wave by computer control
It is formed with irregular wave wave maker, can also there is active reflection-absorption device again.
Raw stream replenishment system: it is made of reservoir, water return pipeline and Duo Tai two-way pump.Two-way pump equips flowmeter and by counting
Calculation machine controls flow.
It is the composition of simulation system above.Each constituent system components and its function are shown in annex (1).
Wherein, the wave maker: formation rule wave or irregular wave (prior art can be used in experimental trough (pond)
In wave maker).
The air duct is that a setting (removes and water surface contact surface in the sealing pipeline of experimental trough (pond) (with the water surface) above
Other several times sealing in addition).
The structure of heretofore described experimental trough (pond) is: at the upstream and downstream both ends of experimental trough (pond) all from export-oriented
It is equipped with interiorly into (out) pond and tide box, two-way pump should be equipped between pond and tide box into (out).Tide box and experiment water
Valve is equipped between slot.Wherein, upstream two-way pump generates the water level and flow (speed) of needs in conjunction with tide box；Downstream is two-way
Pump is in conjunction with tailgate, and especially in ebb tide, keeping in sink (pond) must water.The quantity of two-way pump is not limited to several,
It can infinitely expand until reaching test requirements document.
It is described into (out) pond, be the pond that water storage is used for two-way pump.
It advanced optimizes, is also provided with following equipment on the experimental trough (pond):
Wave-height gauge: the incident wave of needs is controlled.
ADV: control upstream input flow rate (speed).
Wave breaker: eliminating sink (pond) concussion, improves tailgate and controls situation.
Tailgate: the control level of tail water.
Return water road: upstream and downstream is connected into (out) pond.
Annex: each capital equipment title (referring to Fig.1):
1) experimental tank (pond)
2) first reservoir
3) tide box
4) air duct
5) first wave breaker
6) wave paddle
7) load flow rectification platform
8) tail wave breaker
9) tailgate
10) tail reservoir
11) aqueduct
12) it is connected to gallery
13) raw damp power
14) raw wind-power
15) two-way pump
16) zero w, h, H, V are respectively to measure wind speed, water level, wave, flow velocity measuring instrument.
The technical solution for completing second invention task of the application is: the storm surge disaster of above-mentioned estuary coast engineering is moved entirely
The application method of power laboratory analog system, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
Before starting experiment, test is put into water storage in (out) pond, while in sink (pond) at sink (pond) both ends
The water initially needed chooses the quantity of two-way pump required for testing, and what is do not used can close its water flowing valve, selection
Blower quantity to be used is needed well；
Start to test, carry out steady water operation first, wave maker restPoses, and starts two-way pump, blower and tailgate control
System, reaches initial flow (speed), air quantity and the tidal level of test requirements document；
It is then introduced into test data to start to test, wave maker, two-way pump, blower and tailgate linkage control when test, simultaneously
Acquire the data such as wave height, flow velocity, the water level in sink (pond)；
Off-test stops wave maker operating, then stops the operating of blower, two-way pump and tailgate, allows in sink (pond)
Water return water library.
Analog theory and control mode:
The analogy method and control theory of the storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system of above-mentioned estuary coast engineering.
One or two systems have been widely used in most experiment in the above dynamical system, but there is no laboratory will at present
Combined operating while four systems.Meanwhile in system each element interaction, need suitable theoretical and controlling party
Method, with water level, water flow, wave, the wind speed for generating scientific research defined while reaching.
(1) analog theory:
Froude number (Froude number) principle of similitude is used between laboratory wind and hydrodynamic force and natural power.
It is assumed that:
1) the water level h at control pointm.If hiniFor the initial depth of water, related water level is generated mainly by sink (pond) wind with power
Surge a hwThe water level h generated with raw tidal system systemt(t) the water level h that group and water flow replenishment system are formedc(t) it forms, wave draws
Surging for rising can be ignored, then:
hm(t)=hini+hw(t)+ht(t)+hc(t)；hini+hw(t)+ht(t) (1)
2) wave at control point wants element (wave height H and wave period T), by sink (pond) wind generated wave (Hw,Tw) and wave maker life
At wave (Hg,Tg) two parts composition:
Tg=Tmean≈α1T0 (2-2)
Wherein α1It is empirical coefficient, the periodic ratio depending on wind generated wave and the raw wave of wave maker.Subscript m ean is average value T0
It is wave period desired value
3) flow velocity at control point is by wind current Vw, wave cause the movement V of water particleg, trend VtThe water generated with two-way pump
Flow Vc.With water flow V caused by the hydraulic gradiant of sink along its lengthh, water level is proportional to along the ratio between sink (pond) length direction x
Water table gradientThink VwMainly near the water surface；VgIt is cyclic fluctuation, Shi Junwei 0；Then control point is certain in underwater
The water velocity of depth are as follows:
Or
Wherein α3Q'mCorresponding is that hydraulic gradiant generates flow.
Water level is h at tailgatettIt is obtained by formula (1).
As shown in Figure 1,3 control sections of model, that is, refer to control section；A is with reference to control section, and B is target control
Section, C are tailgate control section.
Input control section is made of anemobiagraph, water-level gauge, current meter, wave-height gauge.Each physical quantity and target control section
Each magnitude of physical quantity size is corresponding, determines its size.Each physical quantity and tide box pressure value, two-way pump discharge, wave maker amount of exercise
Between relationship by traditional transmission function Trp,Trgc,TrHTIt obtains.
Target control section is made of instrument identical with input control section；It is model test section, each physical quantity
Design value V0, h0,H0,T0It is obtained by model test similarity criterion, measured value is that simulation system need to be to be achieved.
Then water-level gauge (and current meter) forms tailgate control section, monitors the water level (or flow) of the section, determines it
Highly (or open degree) is to guarantee that target control section obtains corresponding design value.
Simulation system forms automated closed-loop feedback control, reaches storm surge disaster full power system by model cootrol mode
System laboratory simulation.
(2) control model
In order to simplify the complexity of simulation, simulation control is using two step modes (here it has been assumed that stormy waves is sufficiently grown up.
If stormy waves is non-abundant growth, then it can be divided into three step modes, i.e. second step simulates trend；Third step simulated waves).
1) wind effect simulation control.
Step control is substantially carried out wind effect simulation, is interfered with reducing with trend and wave simulation.Control is main
It obtains wind setup and is distributed h along journeyw(t) and wind wave Hw,Tw, control mode is shown in Fig. 5；
2) full power is simulated.
The step carries out the simulation of sink (pond) full power, feedback iteration mould on the basis of wind acts on simulation control result
Quasi- control mode is shown in Fig. 6.
The present invention can carry out following experiment (scope of application of the present invention):
1, storm tide wave interaction process Mechanism Study；
2, estuary coast seashore diastrous weather mutation process；
3, harbor approach engineering is become silted up process suddenly；
4, diastrous weather estuary coast engineering part scour process；
5, diastrous weather seashore and watch out for security protection research；
6, floating structure hazard weather process safety is studied；
7, jackstone structure hazard weather process safety is studied.
The present invention can overcome traditional technology that cannot really simulate natural trend apoplexy, tide and wave collective effect effect
Deficiency, this laboratory analog system can be become silted up suddenly with real simulation estuary coast Regional Port channel silt beach evolution, ocean,
Water conservancy, harbour, fishery, military engineering structure, hazard scope and safe condition under typhoon storm tide and high seas synergy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is simulation system plan view of the present invention, and A is with reference to control section, and B is target control section, and C is tailgate control
Section；
Fig. 2 is simulation system cross-section diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are 1 equipment structure chart of embodiment respectively；
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are control the general frame respectively.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1, the storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system of estuary coast engineering, in experimental trough (pond) 1
Upstream be equipped with first reservoir 2 and tide box 3；First wave breaker 5, wave paddle 6, load flow rectification are equipped in experimental trough (pond) 1
Platform 7, aqueduct 11, two-way pump 15 and raw damp power 13, are additionally provided with air duct 4 on the experimental trough (pond) 1, the air duct
4 upstreams are equipped with raw wind-power 14.Load flow rectification platform 7 and zero w, h are equipped in experimental trough (pond) 1, H, V are respectively to measure wind
Speed, water level, wave, flow velocity measuring instrument 16.1 downstream of experimental trough (pond) is successively arranged tail wave breaker 8, tailgate 9 and tail water storage
Pond 10.
Wherein, upstream two-way pump is combined with tide box 3, generates the water level and flow (speed), tide box bottom and water of needs
Slot (pond) is connection, is intake by the groove of bottom, and upstream two-way pump is ten；Downstream two-way pump in conjunction with tailgate,
Especially in ebb tide, necessary water is kept in sink (pond), downstream two-way pump is four.The instruments such as wave-height gauge, ADV when test
It is all evenly arranged in the central test area of sink (pond), wave-height gauge arranges 20, and ADV arranges four.Each equipment of test
It is all to be connected by network or WIFI with middle control computer, testing equipment can be controlled individually at module, middle control computer and Acquisition Instrument
Device is wirelessly connected by RS485 or is wirelessly connected by WIFI, and 256 nothings can at most be connected simultaneously by connecting used relaying
Line equipment simultaneously can be with synchronous data collection.
In experiment, it is assumed that:
1) the water level η at control pointm, by sink (pond) wind setup position ηwThe water level η generated with raw tidal system systemiComposition: i.e. ηm=
ηw+ηi
2) the wave height H at control pointm, by sink (pond) wind generated wave Hw, tidal level influence part HtThe H generated with wave makeriGroup
At: i.e. Hm=Hw+Ht+Hi
3) wind and wave can be ignored tidal level influence, then Qm=Qi
Then:
ωi=ωm
ηi=ηm-ηw
Hi=Hm-Hw-Ht
Qi=Qm
Air quantity ω can be controlled by blower (group), and the quantity of blower is determined by test requirements document, and air volume is by blower pair
The frequency converter answered carries out real-time control, total blast volumeIt is the summation of used each fan delivery, when test is each
The frequency converter of blower requires voluntarily to be fitted with different air quantity.
Flow Q can be controlled by two-way pump, and the quantity of two-way pump is determined by test requirements document, and total flow size is by each two-way pump stream
Measure summationDetermine, sometimes for better fitting flow and flow rate, individual two-way pumps need water outlet outward,
Flow Q at this timeiIt (t) is negative value.
Wave height is voluntarily controlled by wave maker.
Tidal level is voluntarily controlled by tailgate.
Wherein:
Input control section is made of anemobiagraph, water-level gauge, current meter, wave-height gauge；Each physical quantity and target control section
Each magnitude of physical quantity size is corresponding, determines its size；Each physical quantity and tide box pressure value, two-way pump discharge, wave maker amount of exercise
Between relationship by traditional transmission function Trp,Trgc,TrHTIt obtains；
Target control section is made of instrument identical with input control section；It is model test section, each physical quantity
Design value V0,h0,H0,T0It is obtained by model test similarity criterion, measured value is that simulation system need to be to be achieved；
Then water-level gauge and current meter form tailgate control section, monitor the water level or flow of the section, determine its height
Or open degree is to guarantee that target control section obtains corresponding design value；
Simulation system forms automated closed-loop feedback control, reaches storm surge disaster full power system by model cootrol mode
System laboratory simulation.
The control model of above method has respectively:
It is assumed that stormy waves is sufficiently grown up, simulation control uses two step modes；
If stormy waves is non-abundant growth, then be divided into three step modes: second step simulates trend；Third step simulated waves；
Wind effect simulation control: control mainly obtains wind setup and is distributed h along journeyw(t) and wind wave Hw,Tw；
Full power simulation: on the basis of wind acts on simulation control result, the simulation of sink full power is carried out.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of estuary coast engineering storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system is equipped with wave maker on experimental trough,
It is characterized in that, being additionally provided with air duct on the experimental trough, which is equipped with blower.
2. estuary coast engineering storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system according to claim 1, feature exist
In the structure of the experimental trough is: being all equipped with intake pool and tidewater from the outside to the core at the upstream and downstream both ends of experimental trough
Case is equipped with two-way pump between the intake pool and tide box；Valve is equipped between tide box and experimental trough.
3. the storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system of estuary coast engineering according to claim 1, feature
It is, following equipment is additionally provided on the experimental trough:
Wave-height gauge: the incident wave of needs is controlled；
ADV: control upstream input flow rate；
Wave breaker: eliminating sink concussion, improves tailgate and controls situation；
Tailgate: the control level of tail water；
Return water road: connection upstream and downstream intake pool.
4. estuary coast engineering storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system according to claim 1, feature exist
Wave-height gauge, ADV are evenly arranged in sink center test area when, test.
5. estuary coast engineering storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system described in one of -4 according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, each equipment is all to be connected by network or WIFI with middle control computer；Middle control computer and acquisition instrument are logical
RS485 is crossed to be wirelessly connected or be wirelessly connected by WIFI.
6. the application method of estuary coast engineering storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, steps are as follows:
Before starting experiment, the water storage in the intake pool at sink both ends, while it being put into the water that test initially needs in the sink, choosing
The quantity for selecting two-way pump required for testing, closes the water flowing valve not used, and choosing needs blower quantity to be used；
Start to test, carry out steady water operation first, wave maker restPoses, and starts two-way pump, blower and tailgate control, makes
Its initial flow for reaching test requirements document, air quantity and tidal level；Test data is then introduced into start to test, it is wave maker when test, double
To pump, blower and tailgate linkage control, while acquiring the wave height in sink, flow velocity, waterlevel data；
Off-test stops wave maker operating, then stops the operating of blower, two-way pump and tailgate, allows the water return water library in sink.
7. the user of estuary coast engineering storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system according to claim 6
Method, which is characterized in that in the concrete operations of each step:
1) the water level h at control pointm；If hiniFor the initial depth of water, related water level is generated mainly by sink wind setup position h with powerw
The water level h generated with raw tidal system systemt(t) the water level h that group and water flow replenishment system are formedc(t) it forms, surges caused by wave
It ignores, then:
hm(t)=hini+hw(t)+ht(t)+hc(t)；hini+hw(t)+ht(t) (1)
2) wave at control point wants element (wave height H and wave period T), by sink (pond) wind generated wave (Hw,Tw) and wave maker generation
Wave (Hg,Tg) two parts composition:
Tg=Tmean≈α1T0 (2-2)
Wherein α1It is empirical coefficient, the periodic ratio depending on wind generated wave and the raw wave of wave maker；Subscript m ean is average value T0It is wave
Period desired value；
3) flow velocity at control point is by wind current Vw, wave cause the movement V of water particleg, trend VtThe water flow V generated with two-way pumpc；
With water flow V caused by the hydraulic gradiant of sink along its lengthh, it is proportional to head ladder of the water level along the ratio between sink length direction x
DegreeThink VwMainly near the water surface；VgIt is cyclic fluctuation, Shi Junwei 0；Then control point is at the certain depth of underwater
Water velocity are as follows:
Or
Wherein α3Q'mCorresponding is that hydraulic gradiant generates flow；
Water level is h at tailgatettIt is obtained by formula (1):
3 control sections of model: control section, target control section, tailgate control section are referred to；Wherein:
Input control section is made of anemobiagraph, water-level gauge, current meter, wave-height gauge；Each physical quantity and each object of target control section
It is corresponding to manage magnitude size, determines its size；It is closed between each physical quantity and tide box pressure value, two-way pump discharge, wave maker amount of exercise
System is by traditional transmission function Trp,Trgc,TrHTIt obtains；
Target control section is made of instrument identical with input control section；It is model test section, the design of each physical quantity
Value V0,h0,H0,T0It is obtained by model test similarity criterion, measured value is that simulation system need to be to be achieved；
Then water-level gauge and current meter form tailgate control section, monitor the water level or flow of the section, determine its height or open
Qi Du is to guarantee that target control section obtains corresponding design value；
Simulation system forms automated closed-loop feedback control by model cootrol mode, and it is real to reach storm surge disaster full power system
Test room simulation.
8. the use of estuary coast engineering storm surge disaster full power laboratory analog system according to claim 6 or 7
Method, which is characterized in that the control model of above method has respectively:
It is assumed that stormy waves is sufficiently grown up, simulation control uses two step modes；
If stormy waves is non-abundant growth, then be divided into three step modes: second step simulates trend；Third step simulated waves；
Wind effect simulation control: control mainly obtains wind setup and is distributed h along journeyw(t) and wind wave Hw,Tw；
Full power simulation: on the basis of wind acts on simulation control result, the simulation of sink full power is carried out.
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