CN109704742B - Corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein raw material components and content of a special ceramic material base material are adjusted, and alumina aerogel micro powder with a three-dimensional network structure with a certain particle size is added, so that the alumina aerogel micro powder is dispersed in a box body base material to serve as a micro-skeleton structure, the binding force of a base body is enhanced, air holes generated in the firing process are reduced, stress change in the expansion and contraction process is buffered, and the thermal shock stability is improved; in addition, the special ceramic material can also enhance the bonding strength with aluminosilicate vitreous, so that the matrix material of the special ceramic material is not easy to peel off to influence the quality of the lithium ion anode material, and simultaneously, the further erosion of lithium ions in the sintering process can be inhibited, so that the corrosion resistance of the special ceramic material is obviously enhanced. When the method is applied to the process of preparing the saggar, the cycle use frequency is high, the lithium ion erosion depth is shallow, and the material cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special ceramic material, a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a special ceramic material with high corrosion resistance and good crack resistance for firing a lithium battery positive electrode material, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous update of scientific technology and the continuous improvement of the performance of lithium ion batteries, lithium ion batteries have a wide development prospect in the fields of mobile phones, notebook computers, new energy vehicles, energy storage and the like. Particularly, the traditional fuel vehicle stopping and selling schedule is announced by all countries recently, the fuel vehicles are stopped and sold in 2025 years in China, the aim is to vigorously push energy-saving and environment-friendly new energy vehicles, and the most important part of the new energy vehicles is rechargeable batteries. The lithium ion battery is mainly composed of a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, electrolyte and a diaphragm. The anode material comprises lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate, nickel cobalt manganese, nickel cobalt aluminum ternary system anode material and the like; the negative electrode material comprises graphite, lithium titanate and other materials. The performance of the positive and negative electrode materials determines the basic performance of the battery, especially the energy density and the like. The production process of the cathode material can be simply described as follows: a precursor of a positive electrode material, i.e., a metallic cobalt oxide or hydroxide, such as cobalt oxide, tricobalt tetraoxide, cobalt hydroxide, nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide, nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide, nickel manganese hydroxide, etc., is mixed with a lithium source (such as lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, etc.) in a certain ratio, and then charged into a ceramic sagger in a certain amount, and then sintered at a high temperature of 800 to 1100 ℃ for a long time.
In the process of firing lithium oxide for lithium battery cathode material, in order to ensure that the final oxide contains enough lithium, excessive lithium source is used to participate in high-temperature reaction, alkaline lithium oxide has very high activity at high temperature and reacts with the material in the saggar to generate liquid phase similar to glass state at high temperature, the liquid phase components continuously erode the solid phase surface of the saggar under the change of viscosity, air holes on the surface of the saggar also provide passages for the corrosive substances, the alkali metal oxide similar to glass state continuously infiltrates into the saggar deep part along with the accumulation of time, the passages are deeper and deeper, the erosion generated impurities are more and more, low-melting ore phases such as eucryptite, lithium silicate, lithium aluminosilicate and the like are generated, and the saggar is fed into and discharged from the kiln, the expansion coefficient of the impurity ore phase is greatly different from that of the saggar, and cold and hot alternate cause the peeling of the saggar surface, Cracking and the like, thereby affecting the service life of the sagger.
The Chinese patent with application number CN201410174356.7 discloses a preparation method of an alkali corrosion resistant sagger, which comprises the following steps: 1) filling and sintering anhydrous magnesium chloride and alpha alumina serving as matrix materials to synthesize magnesium aluminate spinel, and mixing the synthesized magnesium aluminate spinel with nano gamma alumina to obtain fine particles; 2) mixing coarse particles and the fine particles according to a particle ratio of 6:4, wherein the coarse particles comprise 60% of the coarse particles and 40% of the fine particles, and the coarse particles comprise a mixture of fused mullite and fused zirconia corundum; 3) putting the mixed raw materials into a film belt, extruding air, tightening, and pressing and forming under the action of an anhydrous resin adhesive; 4) and curing the blank after the pressing forming for a preset time, and then putting into a kiln to be fired to obtain a finished product.
Chinese patent application No. CN200910146662.9 discloses a sagger for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, which contains 30 to 70 mass% of spinel, 15 to 70 mass% of cordierite, and 0 to 35 mass% of mullite, and it is considered that spinel contributes to corrosion resistance against diffusion of a raw material of the positive electrode active material at the time of firing. Therefore, if the content of spinel is less than 30 mass%, the corrosion resistance to diffusion of the raw material of the positive electrode active material is considered to be reduced. On the other hand, it is considered that when the content of spinel exceeds 70 mass%, the thermal expansion coefficient of the sagger is increased and cracks are likely to occur, and the sagger has a composition of the sagger containing not less than 90% of magnesia or spinel in thermal expansion coefficient, so that the occurrence of cracks in the temperature lowering step in the production of the positive electrode active material can be suppressed.
From the above description, the conventional techniques have been conceived to improve the corrosion resistance and prolong the service life of the saggars by controlling the components and contents of raw materials for preparing the saggars, but the corrosion resistance of the saggars is very limited only by the components and contents of the raw materials for preparing the saggars, and the saggars are very susceptible to the limitation of raw material supply caused by the regional difference. Therefore, it is important to develop a method for improving the corrosion resistance and crack resistance of the sagger from the aspect of organization structure, and further prolonging the service life of the sagger.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings and drawbacks of the prior art, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a corrosion-resistant and crack-resistant special ceramic material that can be used in saggars and can extend the service life of the special ceramic material using commonly available raw materials.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the corrosion-resistant and crack-resistant special ceramic material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of kaolin, 8-18 parts of alumina aerogel micro powder, 20-40 parts of roller powder, 25-35 parts of cordierite, 8-12 parts of mullite, 2-5 parts of yellow dextrin and 4-8 parts of water.
Further, preferably, the special ceramic material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of kaolin, 12 parts of alumina aerogel micro powder, 30 parts of roller powder, 30 parts of cordierite, 10 parts of mullite, 3 parts of yellow dextrin and 6 parts of water.
Further, the particle size of the alumina aerogel fine powder is preferably 50 to 120 μm, more preferably 80 μm.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the corrosion-resistant and crack-resistant special ceramic material.
A preparation method of a corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight for later use: 10-20 parts of kaolin, 8-18 parts of alumina aerogel micro powder, 20-40 parts of roller powder, 25-35 parts of cordierite, 8-12 parts of mullite, 2-5 parts of yellow dextrin and 4-8 parts of water;
(2) adding the above materials into an edge runner mill, mixing for 20-40min, sieving, and removing iron;
(3) putting the mixed raw material obtained in the step (2) into a sealed container for ageing treatment;
(4) placing the aged raw materials in the step (3) on a pressure forming machine for isostatic pressing forming to obtain a blank body;
(5) and (4) standing the blank in the step (4), drying, and then firing.
Further, the time of the aging treatment is 10 hours or more.
Further, the process parameters of the isothermal static pressure are as follows: treating at 1000-1200 deg.C for 30-50 min.
Further, the blank is allowed to stand for 10 hours or more.
Further, the drying temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the drying time is more than 10 hours.
Further, the temperature of the firing is 1340-1380 ℃ and the time is 6-7 hours.
Further, the method also comprises the steps of burr polishing and blowing clean of the special ceramic material.
The use of a corrosion-resistant and crack-resistant special ceramic material as described above in saggars.
The roller powder used in the application is roller waste powder obtained by recovering and cleaning waste alumina ceramic rollers and then crushing the waste alumina ceramic rollers, wherein the content (mass ratio) of alumina is about 60%.
The alumina aerogel used in the application has the characteristics of high specific surface area, high porosity, low density and the like, contains a large number of micropores and mesopores, has low thermal conductivity, and is an ideal heat-insulating material. The alumina aerogel with specific granularity is selected, the alumina aerogel is obtained by grinding and screening large alumina aerogel powder prepared by supercritical drying, the surface of the crushed fine alumina aerogel micro powder is rough, the crushed fine alumina aerogel micro powder is uniformly dispersed in a special ceramic material raw material, and after the crushed alumina aerogel micro powder is aged, pressed and formed, a binding agent and the binding capacity of the binding agent play a role of a micro-framework in a blank. Because the pore of oxidation aerogel miropowder comprises the three-dimensional pore of disordered no chapter, other raw materials can't get into inside pore in mixing process, at first in the firing process, the gas of production escapes from the aerogel pore easily, can not produce big gas pocket, and then is difficult to produce the crackle. Secondly, in the recycling process of the special ceramic material, the expansion and contraction of the special ceramic material can be generated by continuous heating and cooling, the special ceramic material can be buffered by a three-dimensional space net-shaped aerogel structure, the thermal expansion coefficient of the special ceramic material is small, and the good thermal shock stability can be obtained.
When the lithium ion battery anode material is sintered, the alkaline lithium oxide and the acidic oxide in the special ceramic material, such as silicon dioxide and amphoteric oxide aluminum oxide, can generate a certain chemical reaction to generate LiAlO2、Li4SiO4、LiAlSiO4And the like glassy substances. The alumina aerogel has low thermal conductivity and a micropore and mesoporous structure which has a capillary effect, so that the produced vitreous substance can be prevented from being further corroded inwards, the formed surface vitreous substance is well embedded into the rough alumina aerogel surface layer on the surface layer of the special ceramic material in a molten state, the bonding strength of the alumina aerogel is enhanced, the alumina aerogel is not easy to fall off, and the lithium-containing aluminosilicate substance can inhibit the further corrosion of lithium ions to the matrix material of the special ceramic material in turn, so that the corrosion resistance of the special ceramic material can be improved.
The particle size of the alumina aerogel fine powder in the present application is particularly limited to preferably 50 to 120 μm, more preferably 80 μm; the particle size is too large, cracks are easy to appear in the recycling process, the service life is short, the particle size is too small, the barrier effect of the three-dimensional network space structure cannot be fully utilized, and further the corrosion resistance and the thermal shock stability cannot be improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, by adjusting the raw material components and the content of the special ceramic material matrix material and adding the three-dimensional network structure alumina aerogel micropowder with a certain particle size, the alumina aerogel micropowder is dispersed in the matrix material and serves as a micro-skeleton structure, so that the binding force of the matrix is enhanced, air holes generated in the firing process are reduced, the stress change in the expansion and contraction process is buffered, and the thermal shock stability is improved; in addition, the special ceramic material can also enhance the bonding strength with aluminosilicate vitreous, so that the matrix material of the special ceramic material is not easy to peel off to influence the quality of the lithium ion anode material, and simultaneously, the further erosion of lithium ions in the sintering process can be inhibited, so that the corrosion resistance of the special ceramic material is obviously enhanced. When the sagger is applied to the sagger process, the cycle use frequency is high, the lithium ion erosion depth is shallow, and the material consumption cost caused by sagger replacement can be reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the present invention and to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below. However, the following examples are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Example 1: a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight for later use: 10 parts of kaolin, 8 parts of alumina aerogel micro powder, 20 parts of roller powder, 25 parts of cordierite, 8 parts of mullite, 2 parts of yellow dextrin and 4 parts of water; the grain diameter of the aerogel micro powder is 50 μm;
(2) adding the above materials into an edge runner mill, mixing for 20min, sieving, and removing iron;
(3) putting the mixed raw material obtained in the step (2) into a sealed container for ageing treatment for 10 hours;
(4) placing the aged raw materials in the step (3) on a pressure forming machine for isostatic pressing forming to obtain a blank body;
(5) and (3) standing the blank in the step (4) for 10 hours, drying at the temperature of 300 ℃ for 10 hours, and then firing at the temperature of 1340 ℃ for 5 hours. Polishing four corners, blank peaks and burrs by using a grindstone after firing, and then blowing clean to obtain the finished special ceramic material.
Example 2: a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight for later use: 15 parts of kaolin, 12 parts of alumina aerogel micro powder, 30 parts of roller powder, 30 parts of cordierite, 10 parts of mullite, 3 parts of yellow dextrin and 6 parts of water; the grain diameter of the aerogel micro powder is 80 mu m;
(2) adding the above materials into an edge runner mill, mixing for 30min, sieving, and removing iron;
(3) putting the mixed raw material obtained in the step (2) into a sealed container for ageing treatment for 12 hours;
(4) placing the aged raw materials in the step (3) on a pressure forming machine for isostatic pressing forming to obtain a blank body;
(5) and (3) standing the blank in the step (4) for 12h, drying at 400 ℃ for 11h, and then firing at 1360 ℃ for 6 h. Polishing four corners, blank peaks and burrs by using a grindstone after firing, and then blowing clean to obtain the finished special ceramic material.
Example 3: a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight for later use: 20 parts of kaolin, 18 parts of alumina aerogel micro powder, 40 parts of roller powder, 35 parts of cordierite, 12 parts of mullite, 5 parts of yellow dextrin and 8 parts of water; the grain diameter of the aerogel micro powder is 120 mu m;
(2) adding the above materials into an edge runner mill, mixing for 40min, sieving, and removing iron;
(3) putting the mixed raw material obtained in the step (2) into a sealed container for aging treatment for 14 h;
(4) placing the aged raw materials in the step (3) on a pressure forming machine for isostatic pressing forming to obtain a blank body;
(5) and (3) standing the blank obtained in the step (4) for 14h, drying at 500 ℃ for 12h, and then firing at 1380 ℃ for 7 h. Polishing four corners, blank peaks and burrs by using a grindstone after firing, and then blowing clean to obtain the finished special ceramic material.
Example 4: a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight for later use: 15 parts of kaolin, 12 parts of alumina micro powder, 30 parts of roller powder, 30 parts of cordierite, 10 parts of mullite, 3 parts of yellow dextrin and 6 parts of water; the average grain diameter of the alumina micro powder is 80 μm;
(2) adding the above materials into an edge runner mill, mixing for 30min, sieving, and removing iron;
(3) putting the mixed raw material obtained in the step (2) into a sealed container for ageing treatment for 12 hours;
(4) placing the aged raw materials in the step (3) on a pressure forming machine for isostatic pressing forming to obtain a blank body;
(5) and (3) standing the blank in the step (4) for 12h, drying at 400 ℃ for 11h, and then firing at 1360 ℃ for 6 h. Polishing four corners, blank peaks and burrs by using a grindstone after firing, and then blowing clean to obtain the finished special ceramic material.
Example 5: a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight for later use: 15 parts of kaolin, 12 parts of alumina aerogel micro powder, 30 parts of cordierite, 10 parts of mullite, 3 parts of yellow dextrin and 6 parts of water; the grain diameter of the aerogel micro powder is 80 mu m;
(2) adding the above materials into an edge runner mill, mixing for 30min, sieving, and removing iron;
(3) putting the mixed raw material obtained in the step (2) into a sealed container for ageing treatment for 12 hours;
(4) placing the aged raw materials in the step (3) on a pressure forming machine for isostatic pressing forming to obtain a blank body;
(5) and (3) standing the blank in the step (4) for 12h, drying at 400 ℃ for 11h, and then firing at 1360 ℃ for 6 h. Polishing four corners, blank peaks and burrs by using a grindstone after firing, and then blowing clean to obtain the finished special ceramic material.
Example 6: a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight for later use: 15 parts of kaolin, 12 parts of alumina aerogel micro powder, 30 parts of roller powder, 30 parts of cordierite, 10 parts of mullite, 3 parts of yellow dextrin and 6 parts of water; the grain diameter of the aerogel micro powder is 200 mu m;
(2) adding the above materials into an edge runner mill, mixing for 30min, sieving, and removing iron;
(3) putting the mixed raw material obtained in the step (2) into a sealed container for ageing treatment for 12 hours;
(4) placing the aged raw materials in the step (3) on a pressure forming machine for isostatic pressing forming to obtain a blank body;
(5) and (3) standing the blank in the step (4) for 12h, drying at 400 ℃ for 11h, and then firing at 1360 ℃ for 6 h. Polishing four corners, blank peaks and burrs by using a grindstone after firing, and then blowing clean to obtain the finished special ceramic material.
And (3) testing the performance of the special ceramic material: the specialty ceramic material prepared in the above example was charged with Li2CO3And CoCO3Sintering at 1000 ℃ to prepare lithium cobaltate, keeping the temperature for 20 hours, and observing the depth of the inner wall of the special ceramic material corroded at different temperatures. And recycling the ceramic material until the special ceramic material is cracked or can not be used, and recording the service life. The relevant data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Corrosion resistance and service life of the specialty ceramic materials of the present application
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material is characterized by being mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of kaolin, 8-18 parts of alumina aerogel micro powder, 20-40 parts of roller powder, 25-35 parts of cordierite, 8-12 parts of mullite, 2-5 parts of yellow dextrin and 4-8 parts of water;
the particle size range of the alumina aerogel micro powder is as follows: 50-120 μm;
the preparation method of the corrosion-resistant anti-cracking special ceramic material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight for later use;
(2) adding the above materials into an edge runner mill, mixing for 20-40min, sieving, and removing iron;
(3) putting the mixed raw material obtained in the step (2) into a sealed container for ageing treatment;
(4) placing the aged raw materials in the step (3) on a pressure forming machine for isostatic pressing forming to obtain a blank body;
(5) and (3) standing the blank in the step (4), drying, and then firing at 1340-1380 ℃ for 6-7 hours.
2. The special ceramic material with corrosion resistance and crack resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the special ceramic material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of kaolin, 12 parts of alumina aerogel micro powder, 30 parts of roller powder, 30 parts of cordierite, 10 parts of mullite, 3 parts of yellow dextrin and 6 parts of water.
3. The special ceramic material for corrosion and crack resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the alumina aerogel micro powder is 80 μm.
4. The special ceramic material for corrosion and crack resistance according to claim 1, wherein the aging time is 10 hours or more.
5. The special ceramic material for corrosion resistance and crack resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blank is allowed to stand for more than 10 hours.
6. The special ceramic material for corrosion resistance and crack resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 300-500 ℃ and the drying time is more than 10 hours.
7. Use of a corrosion and crack resistant specialty ceramic material as defined in any of claims 1 to 6 in a sagger.
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