CN109704413A - A kind of nickelic positive electrode and the method for improving nickelic positive electrode storge quality - Google Patents
A kind of nickelic positive electrode and the method for improving nickelic positive electrode storge quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN109704413A CN109704413A CN201811492516.7A CN201811492516A CN109704413A CN 109704413 A CN109704413 A CN 109704413A CN 201811492516 A CN201811492516 A CN 201811492516A CN 109704413 A CN109704413 A CN 109704413A
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nickelic positive electrode and the methods for improving nickelic positive electrode storge quality.The nickelic positive electrode is with chemical formula LiNixCoyMnzAl1‑x‑y‑zO2It indicates;Wherein, 0.5≤x < 1,0 < y < 0.5,0 < z < 0.5,1-x-y-z > 0.The method is will to contain manganese inorganic salts, inorganic salt containing aluminium, LiOHH2O is mixed with nickelic presoma, and ethyl alcohol grinding is added uniformly, obtains solid powder mixture;Precalcining is first carried out to resulting solid powder mixture, then heating is calcined, and obtains the nickelic positive electrode.The invention the method effectively inhibits the side reaction of nickelic positive electrode Yu moisture in air, carbon dioxide, improves material surface stability, to improve the storge quality of material, is conducive to the commercial applications of nickelic positive electrode.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of chemical energy storage battery, and in particular to a kind of nickelic positive electrode and improve nickelic positive material
Expect the method for storge quality.
Background technique
Chargeable lithium ion secondary battery is because having specific energy height, charge discharge life length, memory-less effect, self-discharge rate
Low, quick charge, it is pollution-free, operating temperature range is wide and safe and reliable the advantages that, be widely used to modern communication, portable
In electronic product and hybrid vehicle.Especially in recent years with the sustainable development of new-energy automobile industry, to power lithium
More stringent requirements are proposed for ion secondary battery, research shows that positive electrode is the key that current limitation power lithium battery performance boost
Factor.Current commercialized power battery anode material is mainly based on cobalt acid lithium, LiFePO4, but its specific energy is limited, difficult
To meet requirement of the Future New Energy Source automobile to high course continuation mileage.Nickelic positive electrode is with its higher specific capacity, cheap
Gradually by numerous favors, but its existing some defect also seriously limits its extensive use, such as: depositing in charge and discharge process
Side reaction, storge quality difference etc. easily occurs with electrolyte on serious phase transformation and oxygen release phenomenon, surface, wherein storge quality difference is
Influence its commercially use one of key factor.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems, such as that storge quality existing for nickelic positive electrode is poor, the present invention provides a kind of nickelic positive materials
The method expected and improve nickelic positive electrode storge quality.
A kind of nickelic positive electrode, can be with chemical formula LiNixCoyMnzAl1-x-y-zO2It indicates;Wherein, 0.5≤x < 1,
0 < y < 0.5,0 < z < 0.5,1-x-y-z > 0.For example, 0.6≤x < 0.9,0.1≤y≤0.4,0.1≤z≤0.4,1-x-
Y-z > 0;For another example, 0.7≤x < 0.8,0.2≤y≤0.3,0.2≤z≤0.3,1-x-y-z > 0.Material according to the invention,
The main crystal structure of the nickelic positive electrode is α-NaFeO2Structure belongs to R-3m space group.Further, the nickelic anode
Material has XRD spectra as shown in Figure 3, wherein (006)/(012) and the division of (018)/(110) peak are obvious, and (003) peak with
(104) peak is deviated to low angle.
Material according to the invention, the primary particle of the nickelic positive electrode are nanometer sheet, thickness can for 130~
250nm, such as thickness can be 150~200nm.
Material according to the invention, the second particle of the nickelic positive electrode be it is spherical, a diameter of 8~12 μm.
A method of improving above-mentioned nickelic positive electrode storge quality comprising following step:
Step 1. will contain manganese inorganic salts, inorganic salt containing aluminium, LiOHH2O is mixed with nickelic presoma, and ethyl alcohol grinding is added
Uniformly, solid powder mixture is obtained;
Step 2. first carries out precalcining to above-mentioned resulting solid powder mixture, and then heating is calcined, and obtains height
Nickel positive electrode.
According to the method for the present invention, in step 1, the nickelic presoma chemical formula is as follows: NixCoyMnz(OH)2,
In, 0.5≤x≤1,0≤y≤0.5,0≤z≤0.5, and x+y+z=1;For example, 0.6≤x≤0.9,0.1≤y≤0.3,0.1
≤z≤0.3;Illustratively, x=0.8, y=0.1, z=0.1.
Preferably, the second particle of the nickelic presoma is spherical, a diameter of 8~12 μm.
According to the method for the present invention, in step 1, manganese element and aluminium element in inorganic salt containing aluminium in the inorganic salts containing manganese
Molar ratio can be (0.01~2): (0.01~2);For example, molar ratio can be (0.1~1.5): (0.1~1.5), (0.5
~1.0): (0.5~1.0).
According to the method for the present invention, in step 1, manganese element and aluminium element in inorganic salt containing aluminium in the inorganic salts containing manganese
The sum of mole be the 0.1~5% of the nickelic presoma mole, such as 0.5~4%, 1~3%;Illustratively, may be used
Think 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%.
According to the method for the present invention, in step 1, the LiOHH2The mole of O is the nickelic presoma mole
1.00~1.05 times of amount, such as 1.02~1.05 times, it is 1.05 times illustratively.Specifically, m (LiOHH2O)=
41.96g/mol×n(NixCoyMnz(OH)2) × 1.05, wherein m (LiOHH2It O) is LiOHH2The quality of O, n
(NixCoyMnz(OH)2) be nickelic presoma mole.
According to the method for the present invention, in step 1, the inorganic salts containing manganese can be selected from manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, acetic acid
At least one of manganese and its corresponding hydrate;For example, the inorganic salts containing manganese are Mn (CH3COO)2·4H2O。
The inorganic salt containing aluminium can be in aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum acetate and its corresponding hydrate at least
One kind, such as the inorganic salt containing aluminium are Al (NO3)3·9H2O。
According to the method for the present invention, in step 2, the temperature range of the precalcining is 450~600 DEG C, such as 480~
550 DEG C, illustratively 500 DEG C.The time of the precalcining is 3~8h, such as 4~6h, illustratively, time 5h.
According to the method for the present invention, in step 2, the temperature range of the calcining is 650~850 DEG C, such as 700~800
DEG C, illustratively 750 DEG C.The time of the calcining be 12~36h, such as 13~30h, 15~for 24 hours;Illustratively 15h.
According to the method for the present invention, in step 2, the precalcining and calcining carry out in tube furnace;The precalcining
It is carried out under aerobic atmosphere with calcining, for example, oxygen atmosphere.Further, the gas flow rate of the oxygen be 100~
500mL/min, such as 200~400mL/min.Further, the heating rate of the precalcining and calcining be 1~3 DEG C/
Min, such as 1.5~2.5 DEG C/min, illustratively, heating rate are 2 DEG C/min.
According to the method for the present invention, this method further include: above-mentioned nickelic positive electrode is exposed in air by step 3.
After reason, test analysis is carried out.
According to the method for the present invention, in step 3, the relative humidity of the air can be 70~90%, such as 75~
85%, illustratively, relative humidity 80%.Specifically, nickelic positive electrode can be laid in culture dish, and (such as diameter is
The culture dish of 35mm) in, it is directly exposed in the air that relative humidity is 80%.
The application also provides nickelic positive electrode prepared by the above method.
A kind of dynamic lithium battery, it includes above-mentioned nickelic positive electrodes.For example, the dynamic lithium battery can be button electricity
Pond, preferably CR2025 button cell.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) the method for the invention is done directly using a calcination process (including precalcining and calcining), is saved
Resource, and method is simply easily realized.
(2) method of the present invention, provides a kind of method for improving nickelic positive electrode storge quality, and this method has
Effect inhibits nickelic positive electrode to improve material surface stability with the interfacial reaction of moisture, carbon dioxide in air, mention
The high storge quality of material, may advantageously facilitate the further commercial applications of nickelic positive electrode.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is scanning electron microscope (SEM) figure of the nickelic positive electrode prepared in nickelic presoma and embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the cycle performance test chart of the nickelic positive electrode for preparing after different exposure durations in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is X-ray diffraction (XRD) figure of the nickelic positive electrode prepared in comparative example and embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is the impedance spectrum of the nickelic positive electrode for preparing in comparative example and embodiment 2 after exposure 45 days.
Fig. 5 is the examination of infrared spectrum figure after the nickelic positive electrode exposure prepared in embodiment 3 45 days.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than it limits the scope of the invention.Furthermore, it is to be understood that after having read content disclosed in this invention, ability
Field technique personnel can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and such equivalent forms equally fall within protection defined by the present invention
Within the scope of.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified;Institute in following embodiments
Reagent, material etc., are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
In following embodiment:
Scanning electron microscope (SEM): instrument model FEI Quanta, Holland.
FTIR spectrum: instrument model Nicolet 6700, the U.S..
X-ray diffractometer: instrument model Rigaku Ultima IV, Japan.
AC impedance (AC) test: CHI660e electrochemical workstation, China.
Test method:
The sample of test is the battery that 4.35V is charged under 0.2C, and test frequency range is 0.01Hz~10kHz.
The assembling and test of CR2025 button cell: by positive electrode (provided by embodiment 1-3 and comparative example it is nickelic just
Pole material), acetylene black, PVDF (Kynoar) according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1 be made slurry and be coated in aluminium foil on, set
The aluminium foil of the load slurry of drying for 24 hours, is cut into the sequin that diameter is about 1.1cm with slitter and used by 80 DEG C of dryings in baking oven
Make anode, using metal lithium sheet as cathode, Celgard2300 as the carbonate solution of diaphragm, 1mol/L for electrolyte (wherein,
Solvent is the mixed solution of the ethylene carbonate that volume ratio is 1:1 and dimethyl carbonate, solute LiPF6), in argon gas glove box
Inside it is assembled into CR2025 button cell.
Constant current charge-discharge test is carried out to the CR2025 button cell assembled using CT2001A Land cell tester,
Definition 1C current density is 190mA/g, and charging/discharging voltage section is 2.8V~4.35V, and test temperature is 30 DEG C.
Embodiment 1
By 0.0133g Mn (CH3COO)2·4H2O、0.0406g Al(NO3)3·9H2O、0.4771g LiOH·H2O with
1g Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Mixing, the ethyl alcohol that about 5mL is added after mixing, place it in tube furnace in oxygen atmosphere
Under in 500 DEG C of precalcining 5h, then heat to 750 DEG C of calcining 15h, two stage heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, will be calcined
To nickelic positive electrode humidity be 80% air environment in respectively expose the 0th, 10,45 day after carry out test analysis.
It is passed through using scanning electron microscope to the nickelic presoma (left side) in embodiment 1 and after adding manganese acetate, aluminum nitrate
The nickelic positive electrode (right side) that high-temperature calcination obtains carries out SEM morphology analysis, and amplification factor is 8000 times.It can from Fig. 1
Out, the second particle of the nickelic presoma in embodiment 1 and nickelic positive electrode is spherical, and illustrating calcining, there is no change
The pattern of material secondary particle;But the thickness of primary particle (nanometer sheet) increases to 150 from 20~50nm after embedding lithium~
200nm.Fig. 2 is the circulation of embodiment 1 and comparative example at 0.2C (38mA/g) after exposure different time (0 day, 15 days, 45 days)
Performance, it can be seen that slightly promoted, and be exposed to after air for a long time, embodiment by the cycle performance of modified material
The cycle performance of the 1 nickelic positive electrode of gained is greatly improved.
Embodiment 2
By 0.0265g Mn (CH3COO)2·4H2O、0.0813g Al(NO3)3·9H2O、0.4771g LiOH·H2O with
1g Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Mixing is added about 5mL ethyl alcohol after mixing, places it in tube furnace under oxygen atmosphere
In 500 DEG C of precalcining 5h, 750 DEG C of calcining 15h are then heated to, two stage heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, and calcining is obtained
Nickelic positive electrode humidity be 80% air environment in respectively expose the 0th, 10,45 day after carry out test analysis.
Fig. 3 is the XRD spectra for the sample that embodiment 2 and comparative example expose the 0th day respectively, is found through manganese acetate, aluminum nitrate
It is modified, do not change the main crystal structure of the nickelic positive electrode of comparative example, the nickelic positive electrode of embodiment 2 is also typical
α-NaFeO2Structure belongs to R-3m space group, and (006)/(012) and the division of (018)/(110) peak are obvious, and that treated is positive
(003) peak of material and the nickelic positive electrode of (104) peak relative contrast example are micro- to low angle offset, illustrate 2 anode of embodiment
The interlamellar spacing of material is increased compared to the nickelic positive electrode of comparative example, this is beneficial to the insertion and abjection of lithium ion.
From find out in the impedance spectrum of Fig. 4 the material through embodiment 2 exposure 45 days after, either before circulation still
The Charge-transfer resistance of its Charge-transfer resistance positive electrode all more nickelic than comparative example is small after circulation, this explanation is high after modified
Nickel positive electrode (2 resulting materials of embodiment) can be reasonably resistant to the side reaction with moisture, carbon dioxide in surrounding air, energy
The surface and interface of enough effective protection materials, improves the storge quality of material.
Embodiment 3
By 0.0398g Mn (CH3COO)2·4H2O、0.1219g Al(NO3)3·9H2O、0.4771g LiOH·H2O with
1g Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Mixing is added about 5mL ethyl alcohol after mixing, places it in tube furnace under oxygen atmosphere
In 500 DEG C of precalcining 5h, 750 DEG C of calcining 15h are then heated to, two stage heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, and calcining is obtained
Nickelic positive electrode humidity be 80% air environment in respectively expose the 0th, 10,45 day after carry out test analysis.
Fig. 5 is the infrared spectrum of sample after embodiment 3 and comparative example expose the 45th day respectively, and discovery comparative example exists
860~870cm-1The Li occurred in wave-length coverage2CO3Signal peak than the sample in embodiment 3 signal peak intensity, and
1430~1500cm-1Occurs apparent Li in wave-length coverage2CO3The symmetrical absorption peak of feature, this explanation after modified it is nickelic just
Pole material (3 resulting materials of embodiment) can be effective against the side reaction with Carbon Dioxide in Air, being capable of effective protection material
Surface and interface, improve the storge quality of material.Comparative example
By 0.4771g LiOHH2O and 1g Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2About 5mL ethyl alcohol is added after mixing in mixing,
It places it in tube furnace under oxygen atmosphere in 500 DEG C of precalcining 5h, then heats to 750 DEG C of calcining 15h, two stage liter
Warm rate is 2 DEG C/min, and the obtained nickelic positive electrode of calcining is exposed the respectively in the air environment that humidity is 80%
0, test analysis is carried out after 10,45 days.
More than, embodiments of the present invention are illustrated.But the present invention is not limited to above embodiment.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of nickelic positive electrode, which is characterized in that the nickelic positive electrode is with chemical formula LiNixCoyMnzAl1-x-y-zO2
It indicates;Wherein, 0.5≤x < 1,0 < y < 0.5,0 < z < 0.5,1-x-y-z > 0.
2. nickelic positive electrode according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the main crystal knot of the nickelic positive electrode
Structure is α-NaFeO2Structure belongs to R-3m space group;
Preferably, the nickelic positive electrode has XRD spectra as shown in Figure 3, wherein (006)/(012) and (018)/
(110) peak division is obvious, and (003) peak and (104) peak are deviated to low angle.
3. nickelic positive electrode according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that secondary of the nickelic positive electrode
Grain be it is spherical, a diameter of 8~12 μm;
Preferably, the primary particle of the nickelic positive electrode is nanometer sheet, with a thickness of 130~250nm.
4. a kind of method for improving any one of the claims 1 to 3 nickelic positive electrode storge quality, which is characterized in that institute
The method of stating includes the following steps:
Step 1. will contain manganese inorganic salts, inorganic salt containing aluminium, LiOHH2O is mixed with nickelic presoma, and ethyl alcohol grinding is added uniformly,
Obtain solid powder mixture;
Step 2. first carries out precalcining to above-mentioned resulting solid powder mixture, and then heating is calcined, and obtains the height
Nickel positive electrode.
5. the method according to claim 4 for improving nickelic positive electrode storge quality, which is characterized in that in step 1, institute
The nickelic presoma chemical formula stated is as follows: NixCoyMnz(OH)2, wherein 0.5≤x≤1,0≤y≤0.5,0≤z≤0.5, and x
+ y+z=1;
Preferably, the second particle of the nickelic presoma is spherical, a diameter of 8~12 μm.
6. the method according to claim 4 or 5 for improving nickelic positive electrode storge quality, which is characterized in that step 1
In, the molar ratio of manganese element and aluminium element in inorganic salt containing aluminium is (0.01~1.99) in the inorganic salts containing manganese: (0.01~
1.99);
Preferably, the sum of manganese element and the mole of aluminium element in inorganic salt containing aluminium are described nickelic in the inorganic salts containing manganese
The 0.1~5% of presoma mole;
Preferably, the LiOHH2The mole of O is 1.00~1.15 times of the nickelic presoma mole.
7. the method according to any one of claim 4 to 6 for improving nickelic positive electrode storge quality, which is characterized in that
In step 1, the inorganic salts containing manganese in manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate and its corresponding hydrate at least one
Kind;
Preferably, the inorganic salt containing aluminium in aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum acetate and its corresponding hydrate at least
It is a kind of.
8. according to the described in any item methods for improving nickelic positive electrode storge quality of claim 4~7, which is characterized in that
In step 2, the temperature range of the precalcining is 450~600 DEG C, and the time of the precalcining is 3~8h;
Preferably, the temperature range of the calcining is 650~850 DEG C, and the time of the calcining is 12~36h;
Preferably, the precalcining and calcining carry out in tube furnace;The precalcining and calcining are under aerobic atmosphere
It carries out;
Preferably, the heating rate of the precalcining and calcining is 1~3 DEG C/min.
9. according to the described in any item methods for improving nickelic positive electrode storge quality of claim 4~8, which is characterized in that
The method also includes: above-mentioned nickelic positive electrode is exposed in air after processing by step 3., carries out test analysis;
Preferably, the relative humidity of the air is 70~90%.
10. a kind of dynamic lithium battery, it includes the described in any item nickelic positive electrodes of claims 1 to 3.
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