CN109699869A - A kind of food sterilization fresh-keeping system and method - Google Patents
A kind of food sterilization fresh-keeping system and method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of food sterilization fresh-keeping system and methods, wherein food sterilization fresh-keeping system includes high voltage power supply, impulse generator control unit, first electrode and second electrode, the output end of high voltage power supply is connected with impulse generator control unit, first output end of impulse generator is electrically connected with first electrode, the second output terminal of impulse generator is electrically connected with second electrode, and electric field is formed between first electrode and second electrode；It further include the intelligent mobile terminal being electrically connected with impulse generator control unit；First electrode and second electrode are the plate electrode being parallel to each other.The present invention realizes the sterilization fresh-keeping of food using high-pressure pulse electric, it is fresh-keeping to realize whole process of the food in processing, storage, transportational process, its energy consumption only has the 1/10th even less of conventional antimicrobial preservation method energy consumption, it is time-consuming extremely short, intarconnected cotrol can be used in low-carbon environment-friendly, easy to operate, it is applied widely, on food quality and flavor without influence.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food preservative technology field, in particular to a kind of food sterilization fresh-keeping system and method.
Background technique
As the improvement of people's living standards, the demand in terms of food is also eaten from having enough to be expanded to, food safety
Health also becomes country to the emphasis of people's livelihood life concern therewith.
Food safety is endangered based on harms of microbe, and in order to eliminate influence of the microorganism to food, sterilization is to guarantee peace
The inevitable means of total eclipse product, currently, people have heating sterilization, freezing suppression for food restraining and sterilizing bacteria in the method to extend the shelf life
The methods of bacterium, addition chemical preservative, thermal sterilization, the antibacterial energy consumption of freezing are too big, and there are certain safety issues for chemical preservative.
The process and drawback of the common sterilizing method of current modern industry set forth below.
(1) hot-air sterilization
Dry hot air sterilization: placing an article in baking oven, then heats to 150 DEG C~170 DEG C, maintenance 1~2 is small
When.Suitable for the sterilizing of glass, ceramics and metal, be not suitable for fluid sample and cotton, paper, fiber and rubber object
The sterilizing of matter.
Calcination method: it is that will be sterilized article to burn in flame, makes all biomass carbonizations.Simply, thoroughly, but to quilt
The destruction of sterilizing article is very big.Article suitable for no economic value sterilizes, and is not afraid of the experimental apparatus of burning, such as oese, tweezer
Son, test tube or sterilizing of triangle bottleneck etc..
Drawback: since air heat transfer penetration power is poor, thallus is not easy to kill under dewatering state, so temperature is high, the time is long.
(2) moist hear heat test
100 DEG C or more of steam under pressure sterilizes.
Equality of temperature is the same as damp and hot more preferable than hot air sterilization under pressure and identical action time.
The damp and hot killing condition to general trophosome and spore:
1, the vegetative cell of most bacteriums and fungi: in 60 DEG C or so 5~10min of processing；
2, it the spore of saccharomycete and fungi: is handled with 80 DEG C of temperatures above；
3, the gemma of bacterium: 121 DEG C of processing 15 minutes or more；
Drawback: most of high temperature resistant bacterium can not be lethal.
(3) pasteurization
Low temperature maintains method: 63 DEG C, 30min handles milk.
High-temperature instantaneous method: 72 DEG C, 15s handles milk.
Drawback: process object is limited
(4) boiling sterilization
100 DEG C are heated water to, 15min~30min is boiled, all vegetative cells and part gemma can be killed, reach and disappear
The purpose of poisonous substance product.
Drawback: limitation is larger and the time is long.
(5) tyndallization (fractional sterilization method, dindar sterilization)
Process is as follows:
First with 15~60min of boiling at 80~100 DEG C (killing wherein all microbial nutrition bodies)；Again in room temperature or 37
DEG C incubated overnight (lures that wherein remaining gemma is sprouted into)；Second day again with same method boiling and incubated overnight.
It so continuously repeats 3 days, can achieve the effect that thoroughly to sterilize at a lower temperature.
Article suitable for non-refractory sterilizes, and is such as unsuitable for the sterilizing of autoclaved special culture medium, drug.
Drawback: troublesome, time-consuming.
Currently, the health of food and security issues become increasingly urgent, and conventional antimicrobial preservation method, energy consumption is high, time-consuming, office
It is sex-limited big, it can also cause the variation of the color of food, food is made to lose original quality and flavor.The sterilization fresh-keeping of food is
The important means of food safety and storage lacks necessary fresh-keeping means since food is not matched in process and sanitary condition,
Not only have deterioration losses, but also seriously affect the health of common people, for example, China's grain in storage, transport, sold
Up to 8%~10% (and developed country is 1%), fruit loss 25%~30%, vegetables lose 30%~40% for loss in journey
(and developed country is 5%).Only fruit and vegetable year lost value just up to 75,000,000,000 yuan.Prepared food, fruit fruit, meat, aquatic products, fowl
Egg processing industry lacks caused by necessary fresh-keeping means since sanitary condition does not match.
In conclusion conventional tradition killing method is a kind of big and time-consuming primitive method of power consumption, social demand is complied with, is invented
A kind of food sterilization preservation method of fast energy-saving is the fresh-keeping needs of current food sterilization.
Summary of the invention
Existing food sterilization preservation method power consumption is big, time-consuming, limitation is big, has a fixing to food quality and flavor
It rings.It is an object of the present invention in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, a kind of food sterilization fresh-keeping system and method, function are provided
Consume that low, the used time is short, applied widely, on food quality and flavor without influence.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of food sterilization fresh-keeping system is structurally characterized in that including high voltage power supply, impulse generator control unit, first
The output end of electrode and second electrode, the high voltage power supply is connected with impulse generator control unit, and the first of impulse generator
Output end is electrically connected with first electrode, and the second output terminal of impulse generator is electrically connected with second electrode, first electrode and second
Electric field is formed between electrode.
It further, further include the intelligent mobile terminal being electrically connected with impulse generator control unit.
The first electrode and second electrode are the plate electrode being parallel to each other as a preferred method,.
The impulse generator control unit includes that first switch, second switch, third are opened as a preferred method,
Pass, first resistor, second resistance, 3rd resistor, first capacitor, the second capacitor and third capacitor；The first end of high voltage power supply,
One switch, first resistor, second switch, second resistance, third switch, 3rd resistor, third capacitor, high voltage power supply second end
It is sequentially connected in series；Between one end access first resistor and second switch of first capacitor, the other end and high voltage power supply of first capacitor
Second end connect；Between one end access second resistance and third switch of second capacitor, the other end and high pressure of the second capacitor
The second end of power supply connects；One end of third capacitor connects with first electrode, and the other end of third capacitor connects with second electrode.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a kind of food sterilization preservation methods, utilize the food
Sterilization fresh-keeping system, food is placed between first electrode and second electrode, high voltage power supply by impulse generator control unit,
First electrode and second electrode generate high-pressure pulse electric, fresh-keeping to food sterilization using high-pressure pulse electric.
Further, further include the intelligent mobile terminal being electrically connected with impulse generator control unit, utilize intelligent mobile
Terminal control impulse generator control unit generates high-pressure pulse electric.
Compared with prior art, the present invention realizes the sterilization fresh-keeping of food using high-pressure pulse electric, realizes food and exists
Processing, storage, the whole process in transportational process are fresh-keeping, and energy consumption only has 1/10th of conventional antimicrobial preservation method energy consumption even more
Few, intarconnected cotrol can be used in time-consuming extremely short, low-carbon environment-friendly, easy to operate, applied widely, to food quality and flavor without
It influences.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is food sterilization fresh-keeping system structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is energy-gathering pulse schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is action diagram of the positive negative pulse stuffing to cell membrane.
Fig. 4 is common electric field intensity map.
Fig. 5 is the Escherichia coli figure observed under epifluorescence microscope.
Fig. 6 is the sterilizing experiment effect figure to Escherichia coli in skimmed milk.
Fig. 7 is umber of pulse needed for 100% lethal bacterium.
Wherein, 1 is high voltage power supply, and 2 be impulse generator control unit, and 3 be first electrode, and 4 be second electrode, and 5 be intelligence
Energy mobile terminal, K1 are first switch, and K2 is second switch, and K3 is third switch, and R1 is first resistor, and R2 is second resistance,
R3 is 3rd resistor, and C1 is first capacitor, and C2 is the second capacitor, and C3 is third capacitor.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, food sterilization fresh-keeping system includes high voltage power supply 1, impulse generator control unit 2, first electrode 3
It is connected with the output end of second electrode 4, the high voltage power supply 1 with impulse generator control unit 2, the first of impulse generator is defeated
Outlet is electrically connected with first electrode 3, and the second output terminal of impulse generator is electrically connected with second electrode 4, first electrode 3 and second
Electric field is formed between electrode 4.
Food sterilization fresh-keeping system further includes the intelligent mobile terminal 5 being electrically connected with impulse generator control unit 2.Intelligence
Mobile terminal 5 includes mobile phone, tablet computer etc..
The first electrode 3 and second electrode 4 are the plate electrode being parallel to each other.
In present embodiment, energy-gathering pulse generation module is the energy-gathering pulse generated based on MARX generator.The pulse
Generator control unit 2 includes first switch K1, second switch K2, third switch K3, first resistor R1, second resistance R2, the
Three resistance R3, first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 and third capacitor C3；The first end of high voltage power supply 1, first switch K1, first
Resistance R1, second switch K2, second resistance R2, third switch K3,3rd resistor R3, third capacitor C3, high voltage power supply 1 second
End is sequentially connected in series；Between one end access first resistor R1 and second switch K2 of first capacitor C1, the other end of first capacitor C1
Connect with the second end of high voltage power supply 1；Between one end access second resistance R2 and third switch K3 of second capacitor C2, the second electricity
The other end for holding C2 connects with the second end of high voltage power supply 1；One end of third capacitor C3 connects with first electrode 3, third capacitor
The other end of C3 connects with second electrode 4.
Food sterilization fresh-keeping system converts intermediate energy storage for Initial energy source first, then passes through impulse generator control unit
Intermediate energy storage is compressed and is converted by 2, is finally translated into load and is applied on food.
Food sterilization preservation method of the present invention utilizes the food sterilization fresh-keeping system, and food is placed in first electrode 3
Between second electrode 4, high voltage power supply 1 generates high pressure by impulse generator control unit 2, first electrode 3 and second electrode 4
Impulse electric field, it is fresh-keeping to food sterilization using high-pressure pulse electric.Impulse generator control is controlled using intelligent mobile terminal 5
Unit 2 generates high-pressure pulse electric.
Sterilizing mechanisms of the present invention are as follows:
All living things cell all can be considered a hydraulically full organism, also can be considered the capacitor for filling electrolyte
Device, voltage difference very little inside and outside cell membrane under normal circumstances, but under the action of extra electric field, the charge on cell membrane can divide
From forming that transmembrane voltage is poor, this potential difference is proportional to electric field strength and cell dia, if electric field strength is into one
Step enhancing, cell membrane transmembrane potential difference increase, and will lead to the reduction of cell film thickness, when the potential difference on cell membrane reaches critical
When breakdown potential potential difference, cell membrane begins to be disintegrated, and leads to membrane perforation, and then generates and spark on film, decomposes film.
When the gross area that the area in hole on cell membrane accounts for cell membrane is seldom, the disintegration of cell membrane is reversible；If cell membrane is long
Between in higher than critical electric field high intensity effect, cause the disintegration of cell membrane large area, become irreversible by reversible, finally lead
Cause microorganism dead.It is also contemplated that the perforation of high energy-gathering pulse electric field be due to microbial cell high intensity pulses electric field repeatedly
Acting on rouge layer and film inner cell matter on lower pellicle temporarily becomes a kind of unstable caused phenomenon.In the work of extra electric field
With shocking by electricity, its lower cell membrane pierces through to form aperture, finally results in membranolysis, intracellular fluid leakage makes cell death.
Early in 1967, British scholar found that 25kV/cm DC pulse can effective lethal bacterial nutrition and saccharomycete.By
Formula E=V/d can be obtained, and need effectively kill plus 25kV voltage (and time enough) between distance is two pieces of pole plates of 1cm
Dead bacterium, can be derived from, and the food that will be sterilized to guarantee enough spaces, required voltage is huge.Such as think
The bacterium (assuming that bowl height is 10cm) in a bowl of nooldes is killed, then required voltage is 10cm*25kV=250kV, then
Multiplied by the time, energy consumption is undoubtedly great.If at this moment by voltage carry out pulse processing, in the case where energy is equal, be equal to by
Time reduces, and voltage increases, then sterilizing in this way, it will reduces very big energy consumption.
Reinforce under electric field action outside, the inside and outside heterocharge accumulated of cell membrane attracts each other or repels, cause to squeeze or
Tension and compression, when repulsive force and pulling force arrival threshold limit value, membranolysis.
And work as a cell and be in external electrical field, membrane potential will be generated.Pair radius is " r " and is in uniform field strength
For spherical shape in " E ", membrane potential can be obtained by following formula:
U (t)=1.5rE
In formula: u --- along the membrane potential of direction of an electric field
R --- cell radius μm
E --- electric field strength (kV/mm)
And think that, when membrane potential reaches 1V, cell membrane will lose function.
It is illustrated in figure 2 energy-gathering pulse schematic diagram.The work of the pulse power is the compressed of energy for its essence
Journey, there are two types of common energy compression methods, and one is compression spatially, pure compression spatially can only make the body of energy
Density increases, and temporal compression, then energy work rate can be allowed to amplify.Exactly this point is utilized in energy-gathering pulse, and energy is allowed to exist
Compressed on time, the energy that 1w/s is charged, be compressed to release in the 1w/ μ s time, wait it is co-energy be exaggerated 1,000,000 times, and this
Energy, only 1w/s consumed by kind method.
Influence of the impulse waveform to cytosis effect:
As shown in figure 3, membrane potential also can constantly change between positive and negative, and potential difference is drawn under the influence of positive negative pulse stuffing
The charge movement risen can then act on cell membrane, and as pulse frequency rises, " vibration " frequency of cell membrane is also on constantly
It rises, it is tired thus can to cause cell membrane, while intracellular brownian movement can be accelerated, thus temperature is caused to increase, cell liquid
Volume increases, and finally cell membrane rises brokenly.Old friend: in the case where low energy consumption, energy-gathering pulse sterilization is the common of many factors
As a result.
Influence of the electrode shape to bactericidal effect:
The electric pulse that time is had compressed is added on two electrodes or plate, food is put between electrode or plate and is put
Electricity, through overtesting, the shape of electrode has a great impact to electric fields uniform degree to food sterilization, and killing bacteria is clean, must
It need to give food one uniform electric field, the parallel flat electric field form of Fig. 4 (a) has finally been used in experiment.
Actual experiment situation:
Test one:
Experimentation:
(1) potato, pork, bread are respectively placed in 28 DEG C of constant temperature and humidity bacteriological incubator, are used after three to five days
Oese takes different bacterium colony seeds to be applied on culture plate, continues to cultivate；
(2) a few samples, film-making, with micro- sem observation are taken from different bacterium colonies respectively；
(3) smear is subjected to high-pressure pulse electric sterilization processing；
(4) smear is placed in micro- sem observation again；
Experimental phenomena: as shown in figure 5, by taking pork as an example, bacterium (the large intestine bar that object is turned out is scraped by pork surface layer
Bacterium) after high-pressure pulse electric is handled, bacterial activity is greatly reduced (for before relatively handling), substantially lethal after handling again.
Experiment two:
Experimentation:
(1) prepare bread, rice flour, pork, meat soup, and respectively take and be divided into 20 groups in right amount, number；
(2) high-pressure pulse electric will be placed in for the four of food materials of the same race groups of samples carry out sterilization processing (electric field strength 25kV/
Cm, frequency 10Hz), the processing time is respectively 0s (not handling), 5s, 10s, 15s, 20s；
It is placed in bacteriological incubator the 80% humidity culture with 28 DEG C after (3) 20 groups of sample treatments, and synchronous sees
It examines, record goes bad the mouldy time.
Experiment conclusion: shelf-life/sterilization rate and processing time correlation,.
Experiment three:
Experimentation:
(1) three glasss of 50ml equivalent skimmed milk is taken, respectively number A, B, C, and carries out Bacteria Detection；
(2) three glasss of skimmed milks are respectively placed in the impulse electric field that intensity is 30kV/cm, 35kV/cm, 40kV/cm, and point
It is not subject to 2,4,8,16,32,64 pulses, and carries out residual bacterium rate detection after adding pulse every time.
Experiment conclusion: it is illustrated in figure 6 in the sterilizing experiment to Escherichia coli in skimmed milk about Electro-pulsing Field
The experimental result of dosage and effect.It is found that work as field strength 40kV/cm, when 2 μ s of pulse width, after about 50 pulses 99% it is big
Enterobacteria inactivation.I.e. as field strength 40kV/cm, 2 μ s of pulse width, sterilization effect is best.
Experiment four:
Experimentation:
(1) take streptococcus lactis, Gold production staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, comma bacillus, detour spirillum, bacillus subtilis,
The maternal each portion of De Shi lactobacterium bacteria is seeded on Bacteria Culture plate, is put into biochemical insulating box and is cultivated for 24 hours；
(2) seven kinds of bacterial clumps are respectively implanted under the energy-gathering pulse electric field that constant field strength is 40kV/cm, are constantly subject to arteries and veins
Punching, real-time monitoring Survival probability of bacteria；
(3) umber of pulse needed for obtaining 100% lethal various bacteriums by observation, is counted and table is made.
Experiment conclusion: it is illustrated in figure 7 the umber of pulse that 100% lethal above-mentioned seven kinds of bacteriums respectively need.
Energy-gathering pulse sterilizes the application study in food sterilization:
(1) research that energy-gathering pulse electric field sterilizes skimmed milk
By treated the degreasing of untreated skimmed milk, thermal sterilization treated skimmed milk and energy-gathering pulse electric-field sterilizing
Cream compares:
1. subjective appreciation does not have any difference
2. pH value, vitamin A mass fraction, lactose mass fraction, protein quality score are without obvious gap
3. only vitamin C mass fraction is reduced
(2) research that energy-gathering pulse electric field sterilizes cider
By treated the degreasing of untreated cider, thermal sterilization treated cider and energy-gathering pulse electric-field sterilizing
Cream compares:
1. impulse electric field influences the physical and chemical index of fresh cider less, to maintain original color and flavor substantially,
Ascorbic loss very little
2. slightly accelerating cider oxidation process, but handled much smaller than thermal sterilization
(3) research that energy-gathering pulse electric field sterilizes green tea
By untreated green tea, thermal sterilization treated green tea and energy-gathering pulse electric-field sterilizing, treated that green tea carries out
Comparison:
After the processing of energy-gathering pulse electric-field sterilizing, tea polyphenols, amino acid content and color of green tea etc. relative to not having before
There is generation significant change, it is sterile that comprehensive bactericidal effect illustrates that energy-gathering pulse electric-field sterilizing can not only make green tea beverage reach detection
Level, its original quality can also be kept.
(4) energy-gathering pulse electric field is to dry, wet rice flour noodles research
Untreated dry, wet rice flour noodles, the dry of thermal sterilization processing, wet rice flour noodles and energy-gathering pulse electric-field sterilizing are handled
Dry, wet rice flour noodles compare:
1. dry, wet rice flour noodles after energy-gathering pulse sterilization processing are done, are remained for wet rice flour noodles relative to what thermal sterilization handle
Good mouthfeel and color, flavor
2. doing, in wet rice flour noodles after energy-gathering pulse sterilization processing, is greater than to dry rice flour the bactericidal effect of wet rice flour noodles
Bactericidal effect
As it can be seen that energy-gathering pulse sterilization is a kind of completely new non-heat treated method for disinfection, since its method for disinfection is to utilize height
Current potential rather than heavy current are sterilized, so this method for disinfection whole process has, temperature low (maximum temperature is lower than 50 DEG C), low energy consumption, kills
The advantages that bacterium time is short can be such that freshness and nutritive value of food etc. is saved well.It is cured in food-safety problem
Send out serious today, before such a method for disinfection with great advantage must have great utility value and wide application
Scape.It is believed that either in fridge freshness retaining, hotel, supermarket, food storage or food transport or even military aspect, this efficient section
The sterilization fresh-keeping method of energy can bring great convenience to people's lives.
The embodiment of the present invention is described with above attached drawing, but the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific
Embodiment, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than limitation, those skilled in the art
Under the inspiration of the present invention, without breaking away from the scope protected by the purposes and claims of the present invention, it can also make very much
Form, within these are all belonged to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of food sterilization fresh-keeping system, which is characterized in that including high voltage power supply (1), impulse generator control unit (2),
The output end of first electrode (3) and second electrode (4), the high voltage power supply (1) is connected with impulse generator control unit (2),
First output end of impulse generator is electrically connected with first electrode (3), the second output terminal of impulse generator and second electrode (4)
Electrical connection, forms electric field between first electrode (3) and second electrode (4).
2. food sterilization fresh-keeping system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include and impulse generator control unit
(2) intelligent mobile terminal (5) being electrically connected.
3. food sterilization fresh-keeping system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the first electrode (3) and second electrode
(4) plate electrode to be parallel to each other.
4. food sterilization fresh-keeping system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the impulse generator control
Unit (2) processed includes first switch (K1), second switch (K2), third switch (K3), first resistor (R1), second resistance
(R2), 3rd resistor (R3), first capacitor (C1), the second capacitor (C2) and third capacitor (C3)；The first of high voltage power supply (1)
End, first switch (K1), first resistor (R1), second switch (K2), second resistance (R2), third switch (K3), 3rd resistor
(R3), third capacitor (C3), high voltage power supply (1) second end be sequentially connected in series；First resistor is accessed in one end of first capacitor (C1)
(R1) between second switch (K2), the other end of first capacitor (C1) connects with the second end of high voltage power supply (1)；Second capacitor
(C2) one end access second resistance (R2) and third switchs between (K3), the other end and high voltage power supply of the second capacitor (C2)
(1) second end connects；One end of third capacitor (C3) connects with first electrode (3), the other end of third capacitor (C3) and
Two electrodes (4) connect.
5. a kind of food sterilization preservation method, which is characterized in that utilize food sterilization as described in any one of claims 1 to 3
Food is placed between first electrode (3) and second electrode (4) by fresh-keeping system, and high voltage power supply (1) is controlled by impulse generator
Unit (2), first electrode (3) and second electrode (4) generate high-pressure pulse electric, are protected using high-pressure pulse electric to food sterilization
It is fresh.
6. food sterilization preservation method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that further include and impulse generator control unit
(2) intelligent mobile terminal (5) being electrically connected is generated high using intelligent mobile terminal (5) control impulse generator control unit (2)
Press impulse electric field.
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