CN109697521A - Method based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme - Google Patents
Method based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme, this method is arbitrarily designated forecast section during flood forecasting and constructs Prediction version, the network of waterways can be automatically extracted according to DEM, it is drawn from moving-coil and produces confluence region, automatically extract the precipitation station produced in confluence region, calculate precipitation station weight automatically according to Thiessen polygon, avoid manual modification coordinate, the process extracted water system basin, extract valley rainfall station in the prior art, the efficiency that arbitrary cross-section building Prediction version can be significantly improved, effectively solves the imeliness problem of arbitrary cross-section forecast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme, belong to flood measuring technique neck
Domain.
Background technique
Timeliness, timeliness with higher requirement of the flood forecasting process to forecast, and in tradition forecast, it specifies and appoints
Meaning forecast section constructs Prediction version, needs manual modification coordinate, extracts water system basin, extracts valley rainfall station, is a consumption
When work, cause forecast result to lag, therefore research specifies any forecast section to construct Prediction version automatically with important
Meaning.During flood forecasting, it is not concerned only with the forecast result for having determined the section of position, while river any position
Forecast result is also particularly important, is arbitrarily designated forecast section and rapid build Prediction version, is the weight for carrying out arbitrary cross-section forecast
Want element task.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of methods based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme, can
To be arbitrarily designated forecast section during flood forecasting and construct Prediction version, arbitrary cross-section building forecast side can be significantly improved
The efficiency of case effectively solves the imeliness problem of arbitrary cross-section forecast.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: one kind constructing flood based on arbitrary cross-section
The method of Prediction version, comprising the following steps:
S01), arbitrary forecast section is specified to export as basin, any location point is hit on map, according to the seat of click location
The coordinate of mark and river course judges it whether on river, if the position of click is the position for forecasting section on river
It sets, it is disconnected using the river position searched out as forecast if finding the river position nearest with click location not on river
Face；
S02), the network of waterways, including following sub-step: S21 are automatically extracted according to DEM), DEM pretreatment；S22), water (flow) direction is determined；
S23), confluence cumulant is extracted；S24), the network of waterways is extracted；
S03), drawn from moving-coil and produce confluence basin, confluence basin is automatically generated according to the network of waterways of extraction, generation including gathering ground and
The division two parts in basin；
S04), automatically extract precipitation station and calculate weight, the precipitation station of basin perimeter is located at according to basin perimeter screening, and pass through
Thiessen polygon is calculated, obtains the weight of precipitation station in basin, and be saved in database.
Further, when DEM is pre-processed, depression filling is carried out to original dem data first, obtains the DEM in no depression.
Further, the specific steps of depression filling are as follows: extracted in ArcGIS by depression and depression depth calculation obtains
To digging threshold value is filled out, digging then is filled out using the fill tool realization in hydrology；If do not required when analysis lower trapping spot,
Digging all then is filled out, does not need to carry out threshold value setting.
Further, when determining water (flow) direction, it is first determined flow direction of the water flow in each grid cell lattice,
In ArcGIS by by 8 neighborhood Lattice encodings of center grates, water (flow) direction is determined with a certain value therein.
Further, during surface runoff modeling, confluence cumulant is calculated based on water (flow) direction data,
In ArcGIS by FillAccumulation tool determine it is all flow into this cell accumulation upstream units lattice numbers come
Watershed concentration ability grid map is generated, water (flow) direction matrix is successively scanned from each grid cell lattice, is chased after along water (flow) direction
Track is until the boundary DEM, when entire water (flow) direction matrix-scanning finishes, so that it may the grid distribution map of watershed concentration ability is obtained,
The value of each cell represents the sum that the upstream grid cell of the cell is flowed into the doab of upstream on confluence grid
NIP, NIP value the greater can be considered river valley, and it is higher place that NIP value, which is equal to zero, is considered as the watershed in basin.
Further, the extraction that the network of waterways is carried out using reclassfy tool, is divided into two classes, and given threshold for the network of waterways, will
Data less than threshold value are classified as NoData, other data are classified as 1；The network of waterways is generated by reclassification, is then passed through
The calculating of Streamlink is to get the starting point and ending point for arriving each network of waterways segmental arc.
Further, gathering ground, specific steps are generated using the watershed tool in hydrology tool are as follows: first really
A fixed EXIT POINT, that is, the minimum point of the gathering ground, then in conjunction with water (flow) direction data, analysis is searched out on the EXIT POINT
All grids for flowing through the water outlet are swum, until the grid of all gathering grounds has all determined position, that is, search basin
Boundary-watershed position, also determined that gathering ground.
Further, described using gathering ground grid, gathering ground vector quantization order progress watershed partitioning, in extraction of drainage
When by the way that the network of waterways of the different available different scale of threshold value is arranged, then generate gathering ground using watershed tool, i.e.,
The catchment area of available different refinements, by comparing available suitable basin division result.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention can be arbitrarily designated forecast section during flood forecasting and construct forecast
Scheme can automatically extract the network of waterways according to DEM, draw from moving-coil and produce confluence region, automatically extract the precipitation station produced in confluence region,
Calculate precipitation station weight automatically according to Thiessen polygon, avoid in the prior art manual modification coordinate, extract water system basin, mention
The process at valley rainfall station is taken, the efficiency of arbitrary cross-section building Prediction version can be significantly improved, effectively solves arbitrary cross-section forecast
Imeliness problem.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that embodiment 1 is arranged that basin exports；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that embodiment 1 automatically generates scheme；
The basin division figure that Fig. 3,4,5 obtain when respectively 1 threshold value of embodiment is 1000,2000,5000.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Flood forecasting scheme is characteristics such as forecasting model, the related section of Forecasting Object, basin and flood and according to website
Organic whole.The section as locating for Forecasting Object, basin and flood are multifarious, not according to website classification, information category
Together, it is different because of Forecasting Object difference to cause Prediction version, therefore proposes that one constructs Flood Forecasting Model based on arbitrary cross-section
Method.
Before progress flood forecasting, it is necessary first to Prediction version is constructed, this method is based on specified arbitrary cross-section constructing plan,
It can click on map basin and a little be exported as basin, system can automatically extract the network of waterways according to DEM, draw from moving-coil and produce confluence
Region automatically extracts the precipitation station produced in confluence region, calculates precipitation station weight automatically according to Thiessen polygon.Such as Fig. 1,2 points
Not Wei the present embodiment basin is set exports and automatically generate the schematic diagram of scheme.
The specific steps of this method are as follows:
1. specified arbitrary forecast section is exported as basin.Any location point is hit on map, according to the seat of the position of click
The coordinate of mark and river course, judges whether on river, if the position of click is the position for forecasting section on river
It sets, it is disconnected using the river position searched out as forecast if finding the river position nearest with click location not on river
Face.
2. automatically extracting the network of waterways according to DEM.
DEM is the luv space data for simulating earth's surface, analyzes it calculating using GIS development interface, can be with
Obtain the useful letter required for hydrology research, especially Watershed-scale distributed hydrological model about watershed unit geomorphic feature
Breath, the process are known as the extraction of Geomorphological Feature and the segmentation of landform.Based on dem data automatically extract Geomorphological Feature and
Carrying out Automated Topography Partition of Watersheds is to carry out the basic technology of basin spatial simulation.Watershed unit, the landforms extracted using DEM are special
Property (such as area of basin and each sub-basin, watershed line, the length etc. in rivers at different levels) is to be stored in grid type number in digital form
In battle array.The specific steps of the network of waterways are automatically extracted according to DEM are as follows:
(1) DEM is pre-processed
DEM is considered as the simulation of the topographical surface of smoother, but due to the presence of interpolation and some real terrains, so that
There is the regions of some recess on the surface DEM.So these regions are when carrying out insulated stream simulation, due to low elevation grid
In the presence of so that unreasonable or wrong water (flow) direction will be obtained in the region when carrying out flow direction calculating.Therefore,
Before the calculating for carrying out water (flow) direction, it should carry out depression filling to original dem data first, obtain the DEM in no depression.?
It is extracted in ArcGIS by depression and depression depth calculation obtains filling out digging threshold value, then utilize the fill tool in hydrology
Digging is filled out in realization, and in order to which that realizes depression sufficiently fills out digging, this process need to generally repeat several times.If to lower trapping spot when analysis
It does not require, can all fill out digging, without carrying out threshold value setting.
(2) determination of water (flow) direction
Water (flow) direction refers to direction when water flow leaves each grid cell.Rainwash is in the space of basin always from topography
Eminence is flowed to topography lower, most exports discharge basin through basin afterwards.In order to accurately delimit boundary of drainage basin, first have to determine water
Flow the flow direction in each grid cell lattice.By by 8 neighborhood Lattice encodings of center grates, water flow in ArcGIS
Direction can be determined with a certain value therein.
(3) extraction for cumulant of converging
During surface runoff modeling, confluence cumulant is calculated based on water (flow) direction data.Lead in ArcGIS
It crosses FillAccumulation tool and determines all accumulation upstream units lattice numbers for flowing into this cell to generate watershed concentration
Ability grid map.Water (flow) direction matrix is successively scanned from each grid cell lattice, is tracked along water (flow) direction until the side DEM
Boundary.When entire water (flow) direction matrix-scanning finishes, so that it may obtain the grid distribution map of watershed concentration ability.It is every on confluence grid
The value of a cell represents the sum (NIP) that the upstream grid cell of the cell is flowed into the doab of upstream, and NIP value is larger
Person can be considered river valley, and it is higher place that NIP value, which is equal to zero, may be the watershed in basin.
(4) extraction of the network of waterways
When confluence amount reaches certain value, insulated stream will be generated, then all that confluence amount is critical greater than that
The grid of numerical value is exactly potential flow path, and the network being made of these flow paths is exactly the network of waterways.Have in ArcGIS more
The method that kind generates the network of waterways, the con order that can use in RasterCalculator or multimapoutput tool calculate.
The extraction for carrying out the network of waterways using reclassfy tool herein, is divided into two classes, and given threshold for the network of waterways.The number of threshold value will be less than
According to NoData is classified as, other data are classified as 1.The network of waterways can be generated by reclassification.Then pass through the meter of Streamlink
It calculates to get the starting point and ending point of each network of waterways segmental arc is arrived.
Procedure treatment is realized by the secondary development based on ArcGIS to aforementioned four step.
Is produced from confluence basin 3. drawing from moving-coil
Confluence basin is automatically generated according to the network of waterways of extraction, the process of generation is divided into two each steps.And two steps are based on
ArcGIS carries out procedure treatment.
(1) generation of gathering ground
Described using gathering ground grid, gathering ground vector quantization order carries out watershed partitioning.Using in hydrology tool
Watershed tool generates.Its thought is as follows: first determine an EXIT POINT, that is, the minimum point of the gathering ground, then in conjunction with
Water (flow) direction data, analysis searches out all grids for flowing through the water outlet in the EXIT POINT upstream, until all gathering grounds
Grid position has all been determined, that is, search boundary-watershed position in basin
(2) division in basin
In extraction of drainage by the way that the network of waterways of the different available different scales of threshold value is arranged, watershed work is then utilized
Tool generates gathering ground, it can the catchment area of different refinements is obtained, by comparing available suitable basin division result.
The present embodiment is respectively set the threshold value for extracting the network of waterways to based on the dem data of the 5 meters of resolution ratio in Shandong Province
1000,2000,5000, respectively obtain following gathering ground using the above process, as shown in Fig. 3,4,5, by comparison it can be found that
The basin obtained when threshold value is set as 5000 is more appropriate.This method can be obtained relatively reasonable by the change of different threshold values
Basin division unit.
4. extracting precipitation station and calculating weight
It is located at the precipitation station of basin perimeter according to basin perimeter screening, and by calculating Thiessen polygon, obtains rainfall in basin
The weight stood, and be saved in database.
The present invention can be arbitrarily designated forecast section during flood forecasting and construct Prediction version, can be according to DEM
The network of waterways is automatically extracted, is produced from confluence region from moving-coil picture, automatically extracts the precipitation station produced in confluence region, certainly according to Thiessen polygon
It is dynamic to calculate precipitation station weight, avoid manual modification coordinate, the mistake extracted water system basin, extract valley rainfall station in the prior art
Journey can significantly improve the efficiency of arbitrary cross-section building Prediction version, effectively solve the imeliness problem of arbitrary cross-section forecast.
Described above is only basic principle and preferred embodiment of the invention, and those skilled in the art do according to the present invention
Improvement and replacement out, belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. it is a kind of based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included: S01), refer to
Fixed arbitrary forecast section is exported as basin, and any location point is hit on map, according to the coordinate of click location and river river
The coordinate in road judges it whether on river, if the position of click is the position for forecasting section, if not on river
On river, then the river position nearest with click location is found, using the river position searched out as forecast section；
S02), the network of waterways, including following sub-step: S21 are automatically extracted according to DEM), DEM pretreatment；S22), water (flow) direction is determined；
S23), confluence cumulant is extracted；S24), the network of waterways is extracted；
S03), drawn from moving-coil and produce confluence basin, confluence basin is automatically generated according to the network of waterways of extraction, generation including gathering ground and
The division two parts in basin；
S04), automatically extract precipitation station and calculate weight, the precipitation station of basin perimeter is located at according to basin perimeter screening, and pass through
Thiessen polygon is calculated, obtains the weight of precipitation station in basin, and be saved in database.
2. the method according to claim 1 based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme, it is characterised in that: DEM is pre-
When processing, depression filling is carried out to original dem data first, obtains the DEM in no depression.
3. the method according to claim 2 based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme, it is characterised in that: depression is filled out
The specific steps filled are as follows: extracted in ArcGIS by depression and depression depth calculation obtains filling out digging threshold value, then utilized
Digging is filled out in fill tool realization in hydrology；If analysis when lower trapping spot is not required, all fill out digging, do not need into
The setting of row threshold value.
4. the method according to claim 1 based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme, it is characterised in that: determine water
When flowing direction, it is first determined flow direction of the water flow in each grid cell lattice, by by the 8 of center grates in ArcGIS
A neighborhood Lattice encoding, water (flow) direction are determined with a certain value therein.
5. the method according to claim 1 based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme, it is characterised in that: in earth's surface
During Runoff Simulation, confluence cumulant is calculated based on water (flow) direction data, is passed through in ArcGIS
FillAccumulation tool determines all accumulation upstream units lattice numbers for flowing into this cell to generate watershed concentration energy
Power grid map successively scans water (flow) direction matrix from each grid cell lattice, tracks along water (flow) direction until the boundary DEM,
When entire water (flow) direction matrix-scanning finishes, so that it may the grid distribution map of watershed concentration ability is obtained, it is each on the grid that converges
The value of cell represent in the doab of upstream flow into the cell upstream grid cell total NIP, NIP value the greater,
It can be considered river valley, it is higher place that NIP value, which is equal to zero, is considered as the watershed in basin.
6. the method according to claim 1 based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme, it is characterised in that: utilize
Reclassfy tool carries out the extraction of the network of waterways, and the network of waterways is divided into two classes, and given threshold, and the data for being less than threshold value are classified as
Other data are classified as 1 by NoData；The network of waterways is generated by reclassification, it is then each to get arriving by the calculating of Streamlink
The starting point and ending point of a network of waterways segmental arc.
7. the method according to claim 1 based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme, it is characterised in that: use
Watershed tool in hydrology tool generates gathering ground, specific steps are as follows: first determines an EXIT POINT, that is, should
The minimum point of gathering ground, then in conjunction with water (flow) direction data, analysis searches out all water outlets that flow through in the EXIT POINT upstream
Grid until the grid of all gathering grounds has all determined position, that is, searches boundary-watershed position in basin,
Also gathering ground has been determined that.
8. the method according to claim 1 or claim 7 based on arbitrary cross-section building flood forecasting scheme, it is characterised in that: benefit
Watershed partitioning is carried out with the description of gathering ground grid, gathering ground vector quantization order, in extraction of drainage by the way that different thresholds is arranged
It is worth the network of waterways of available different scale, then generates gathering ground using watershed tool, it can obtain different refinements
Catchment area, by comparing available suitable basin division result.
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