CN109696731A - A kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar - Google Patents
A kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN109696731A CN109696731A CN201910159311.5A CN201910159311A CN109696731A CN 109696731 A CN109696731 A CN 109696731A CN 201910159311 A CN201910159311 A CN 201910159311A CN 109696731 A CN109696731 A CN 109696731A
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- light
- optical fiber
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- light source
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
Abstract
The present invention relates to laser radar technique fields, in particular a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar includes laser light source and optical fiber, light beam is injected into optical fiber light inputting end by the laser light source by coupled lens, the optical fiber light inputting end goes out light end in the other end optical fiber of optical fiber and is injected into collimation lens set, the optical fiber goes out the light beam launched in light end and enters in laser beam splitter, and the smooth stacked switch is again by beam emissions into ring of light shape integrator.Optical fiber is being placed on collimation lens set focal plane in such a way that light source is by coupled lens and fiber coupling, is forming multi-thread collimated ray by the present invention.Relatively good Gaussian distribution feature is had by the light that optical fiber transmits, so can not only improve the influence of light source Gaussian Profile difference collimation effect itself, but also more optical fiber sources can be arranged on limited collimation lens group focal plane, and realize intensive collimated ray.Whole practical strong, the effect used is more preferable relative to traditional approach.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser radar technique field more particularly to a kind of optical emission systems of multi-line laser radar.
Background technique
Multiple wire system laser radar at present, optical emission system, which mainly has, to be realized using multiple alignment lasers in one-dimensional square
Arrangement upwards, then be driven by a motor integral-rotation and form 360 degree of scannings, such as patent CN107121683A, the master of this mode
It wants to be unfavorable for the miniaturization of product the disadvantage is that the volume difficulty of multiple alignment lasers is done small, generally for arranging in a limited space
The more alignment lasers of cloth need to increase optical path debugging difficulty using multiple reflecting mirrors, the number of scanning lines that usually may be implemented
Also fewer.
Another kind realizes the mode that laser beam scans in one-dimensional direction, such as patent using MEMS galvanometer scheme
CN107422473A.This scheme main problem is very to rely on the performance of MEMS galvanometer, and speed is measured on vibration mirror scanning direction
Degree would generally be slow compared with other modes, and in addition current MEMS galvanometer technique is not mature enough, and service life is also a problem.
For another example patent CN205749898U carries out collimation transmitting using lens group, in this way will to laser light source beam divergence angle
Ask higher.Beam divergence angle is too big usually on fast axis direction for LD light source, and Gaussian Profile is poor, and directly and lens group coupling efficiency is very low.
If usual peak power is lower using VCSEL light source.And the limited package size with laser light source influences, in limited picture
The quantity of light source that can be arranged in the size of face is limited, is difficult to realize intensive line number.In addition its light source is placed in a cambered surface, is increased
The difficulty of overall processing and debugging is added.
In conclusion the present invention propose a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar improve there are the problem of.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve disadvantages existing in the prior art, and a kind of multi-line laser radar proposed
Optical emission system.
To achieve the goals above, present invention employs following technical solutions:
A kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar includes laser light source and optical fiber, and the laser light source passes through coupling
Light beam is injected into optical fiber light inputting end by lens, and the optical fiber light inputting end goes out light end in the other end optical fiber of optical fiber and is injected into collimation
In lens group, the optical fiber goes out the light beam launched in light end and enters in laser beam splitter, and the laser beam splitter is by light
Beam is dispersed in light stacked switch, and the smooth stacked switch is again by beam emissions into ring of light shape integrator, the ring of light shape collection
The control grown up to be a useful person by optical unit, the ring of light shape integrator receive beam emissions to combiner after the control of optical unit
In device, final light beam is transferred in laser pickoff by the combiner device again, and the inside of the optical fiber is fixedly connected with by force
Steel wire is spent, the collimation lens set includes that light beam light inputting end plastic aspheric lenes and light beam go out light end plastic aspheric lenes.
Preferably, the laser light source can be LD laser light source, be converged light source shoot laser by non-spherical lens
Onto fiber end face.
Preferably, the diameter range of the optical fiber is 10-50um, is divided into for multimode and single mode two types.
Preferably, it is curved surface that the light beam light inputting end plastic aspheric lenes and light beam, which go out light end plastic aspheric lenes,
Mirror, and the thickness of light beam light inputting end plastic aspheric lenes is greater than the thickness that light beam goes out light end plastic aspheric lenes.
Preferably, five groups of lasers are provided in the laser light source, and intermediate one group is vertical fixed group.
Preferably, the rotation angle range of the laser light source entirety is 0-360 degree, and the smooth stacked switch is set to institute
State between laser beam splitter and ring of light shape integrator, and each switch and ring of light shape integrator inside light stacked switch) internal
Each optical circulator corresponds.
Preferably, the ring of light shape integrator is set between the laser beam splitter and the optical unit.
It has follow steps:
Step 1: first part is that laser light source is coupled to fiber section.This laser light source can be LD laser light source, lead to
It crosses non-spherical lens light source shoot laser is converged into optical fiber and go out in light end, it, can be according to optical fiber when using different LD light sources
The fiber coupling of size placement respective number, it is ensured that fiber end face is in camera lens convergence spot size.In order to obtain preferable coupling
Efficiency is closed, core diameter can be used in the multimode fibre of 50um or so.For better collimating effect, fibre core also can be used
The single mode optical fiber of diameter 10um or so.The advantage so handled is to separate LD and its driving circuit with collimation emission system,
Eliminate the trouble that reflecting mirror arrangement is carried out inside laser radar.
Step 2: second part is that optical fiber goes out light end to collimation lens set part.The Gaussian beam of fiber exit is collimated,
It directly collimates and is more easier than LD light source, collimating effect is more preferable.Use the collimation lens set of 2 aspherical compositions of plastic cement
The shoot laser collimation of optical fiber is launched well.This plastic aspheric lenes is processed with the plastic lens of mobile lens
Technique is the same, is very easy mass production.It is easy to accomplish close by the advantage that optical fiber is placed in collimation lens set focal plane
Enough optical fiber can be arranged because optical fiber is very tiny within the scope of limited focal plane by collecting line number emission system.
Step 3: go out that light end passes through from light beam as planar diameter has a 35mm, multimode or single mode optical fiber are outer through 125um,
It can be easy to be aligned to 250 linear lights fibre.If collimating mirror head portrait planar design to diameter 70mm or more can be aligned to
It is more than 500 lines.The placement of optical fiber, can be tentatively fixed by the metal or plastic parts of cutting, and UV glue curing is used after debugging,
It is convenient, it is easily fabricated.
Compared with prior art, the invention proposes a kind of optical emission systems of multi-line laser radar with beneficial below
Effect:
Optical fiber is being placed on collimation lens set coke in such a way that light source is by coupled lens and fiber coupling by the present invention
In plane, multi-thread collimated ray is formed.Relatively good Gaussian distribution feature is had by the light that optical fiber transmits, it so both can be with
Improve the influence of light source Gaussian Profile difference collimation effect itself, and can be arranged more on limited collimation lens group focal plane
More optical fiber sources realizes intensive collimated ray.360 degree of multi-thread scannings can be realized by rotating integrally, by aspherical
Laser light source shoot laser is converged to fiber end face by lens, can be according to optical fiber size when using different LD light sources
Place the fiber coupling of respective number, it is ensured that fiber end face is in camera lens convergence spot size.
In the present invention, it is not directed to part in the device and is the same as those in the prior art or can be realized by using the prior art,
Optical fiber is placed in collimation lens set focal plane in the present invention, in actual use, maximum advantage is intensive line easy to accomplish
Number emission system can arrange enough optical fiber since optical fiber is very tiny within the scope of limited focal plane.Device is whole
Practical, the effect used is more preferable relative to traditional approach.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of theory structure schematic diagram of the optical emission system of multi-line laser radar proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of Some principles schematic diagram of the optical emission system of multi-line laser radar proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of Some principles schematic diagram of the optical emission system of multi-line laser radar proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a kind of overall system structure schematic diagram of the optical emission system of multi-line laser radar proposed by the present invention.
In figure: 1, laser light source;2, optical fiber;3, coupled lens;4, optical fiber light inputting end;5, collimation lens set;6, optical fiber goes out
Light end;7, laser beam splitter;8, light stacked switch;9, ring of light shape integrator;10, optical unit;11, combiner device;12, laser
Receiver;13, intensity steel wire;14, light beam light inputting end plastic aspheric lenes;15, light beam goes out light end plastic aspheric lenes.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " on ", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "bottom", "inner", "outside" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to just
In description the present invention and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, with
Specific orientation construction and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1-4, a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar includes laser light source 1 and optical fiber 2, described to swash
Light beam is injected into optical fiber light inputting end 4 by radiant 1 by coupled lens 3, and the optical fiber light inputting end is in the another of optical fiber
End optical fiber goes out light end and is injected into collimation lens set, and the optical fiber goes out the light beam launched in light end 6 and enters laser beam splitter
In device 7, light beam is dispersed in light stacked switch 8 by the laser beam splitter 7, and the smooth stacked switch 8 again arrives beam emissions
In ring of light shape integrator 9, for the ring of light shape integrator 9 by the control of optical unit 10, the ring of light shape integrator 9 receives light
After the control of unit 10 by beam emissions into combiner device 11, final light beam is transferred to sharp by the combiner device 11 again
In optical receiver 12, the inside of the optical fiber 2 is fixedly connected with intensity steel wire 13, and the collimation lens set 5 includes that light beam enters light
End plastic aspheric lenes 14 and light beam go out light end plastic aspheric lenes 15.
Further, the laser light source 1 can be LD laser light source, be converged light source shoot laser by non-spherical lens
Onto 2 end face of optical fiber.
Further, the diameter range of the optical fiber 2 is 10-50um, is divided into for multimode and single mode two types.
Further, the light beam light inputting end plastic aspheric lenes 14 and light beam go out light end plastic aspheric lenes 15 and are
Curved mirror, and the thickness of light beam light inputting end plastic aspheric lenes 14 is greater than the thickness that light beam goes out light end plastic aspheric lenes 15
Degree.
Further, five groups of lasers are provided in the laser light source 1, and intermediate one group is vertical fixed group.
Further, the whole rotation angle range of the laser light source 1 is 0-360 degree, and the smooth stacked switch 8 is set to
In each switch and ring of light shape integrator 9 between the laser beam splitter 7 and ring of light shape integrator 9, and inside light stacked switch 8
Each optical circulator in portion corresponds.
Further, the ring of light shape integrator 9 is set between the laser beam splitter 7 and the optical unit 10.
It has follow steps:
Step 1: first part is that laser light source 1 is coupled to 2 part of optical fiber.This laser light source 1 can be LD laser light source
1, light source shoot laser is converged to by optical fiber by non-spherical lens and is gone out in light end 6, it, can basis when using different LD light sources
The optical fiber 2 that 2 size of light places respective number couples, it is ensured that 2 end face of optical fiber is in camera lens convergence spot size.In order to obtain preferably
Coupling efficiency, core diameter can be used in the multimode fibre 2 of 50um or so.For better collimating effect, can also make
With the single mode optical fiber 2 of core diameter 10um or so.The advantage so handled is by LD and its driving circuit and collimation transmitting system
The trouble that reflecting mirror arrangement is carried out inside laser radar is eliminated in system separation.
Step 2: second part is that optical fiber goes out light end 6 to 5 part of collimation lens set.The Gaussian beam that optical fiber 2 is emitted is quasi-
Directly, it directly collimates and is more easier than LD light source, collimating effect is more preferable.Using 2 aspherical compositions of plastic cement collimation lens set 5 just
It can be very good to launch the shoot laser collimation of optical fiber 2.Plastic rubber mirror of this plastic aspheric lenes with mobile lens
Machining process is the same, is very easy mass production.It is to hold by the advantage that optical fiber 2 is placed in 5 focal plane of collimation lens set
It easily realizes intensive line number emission system, because optical fiber 2 is very tiny, can be arranged within the scope of limited focal plane enough
Optical fiber 2.
Step 3: go out that light end 6 passes through from light beam as planar diameter has a 35mm, multimode or single mode optical fiber 2 are outer through 125um,
It can also be easy to be aligned to 250 linear light fibres 2.If collimating mirror head portrait planar design to diameter 70mm or more can be arranged
To more than 500 lines.The placement of optical fiber 2, can be tentatively fixed by the metal or plastic parts of cutting, solid using UV glue after debugging
Change, facilitates easily fabricated.
In the present invention, in systems, the laser issued from laser light source 1 couples light beam by coupled lens 3
It is refracted in optical fiber light inputting end 4, then carries out going out light end 6 by optical fiber after countless secondary reflections for light beam inside optical fiber 2 and inject
Into collimation lens set 5, the dispersed light beam that optical fiber goes out in light end 6 at this time will be collimated shoot laser by collimation lens set 5
Be emitted in laser beam splitter 7, go out that light end 6 passes through from light beam as planar diameter has 35mm, passed through outside multimode or single mode optical fiber 2
125um can also be easy to be aligned to 250 linear light fibres 2.If, can by collimating mirror head portrait planar design to diameter 70mm or more
To be aligned to 500 lines or more, then light beam is distributed in light stacked switch 8 by laser beam splitter 7, is set in light stacked switch 8
It is equipped with and is switched correspondingly with 9 inside optical circulator of ring of light shape integrator, while ring of light shape integrator 9 is by optical unit 10
Control.In actual use, in order to obtain preferable coupling efficiency, core diameter can be used in the multimode fibre of 50um or so
2.For better collimating effect, the single mode optical fiber 2 of core diameter 10um or so also can be used, in actual installation optical fiber 2,
Can be tentatively fixed by the metal or plastic parts of cutting, UV glue curing is used after debugging, facilitates easily fabricated, operation side
Just, practicability is preferable.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar includes laser light source (1) and optical fiber (2), it is characterised in that: described
Light beam is injected into optical fiber light inputting end (4) by laser light source (1) by coupled lens (3), and the optical fiber light inputting end (4) is in optical fiber
(2) other end optical fiber goes out light end (6) and is injected into collimation lens set (5), and the optical fiber goes out the light launched in light end (6)
Beam enters in laser beam splitter (7), and light beam is dispersed in light stacked switch (8) by the laser beam splitter (7), the light group
Combination switch (8) is again by beam emissions into ring of light shape integrator (9), and the ring of light shape integrator (9) is by optical unit (10)
Control, the ring of light shape integrator (9) receive after the control of optical unit (10) by beam emissions into combiner device (11),
Final light beam is transferred in laser pickoff (12) by the combiner device (11) again, and the inside of the optical fiber (2) is fixed to be connected
It is connected to intensity steel wire (13), the collimation lens set (5) includes that light beam light inputting end plastic aspheric lenes (14) and light beam go out light
It holds plastic aspheric lenes (15).
2. a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar according to claim 1 it is characterized in that;The laser light
Source (1) can be LD laser light source (1), be converged to light source shoot laser on optical fiber (2) end face by non-spherical lens.
3. a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar according to claim 1 it is characterized in that;The optical fiber (2)
Diameter range be 10-50um, be divided into for multimode and single mode two types.
4. a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar according to claim 1 it is characterized in that;The light beam enters
It is curved mirror that light end plastic aspheric lenes (14) and light beam, which go out light end plastic aspheric lenes (15), and light beam light inputting end is moulded
The thickness of glue non-spherical lens (14) is greater than the thickness that light beam goes out light end plastic aspheric lenes (15).
5. a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar according to claim 1 it is characterized in that;The laser light
Five groups of lasers are provided in source (1), and intermediate one group is vertical fixed group.
6. a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar according to claim 1 it is characterized in that;The laser light
The rotation angle range of source (1) entirety is 0-360 degree, and the smooth stacked switch (8) is set to the laser beam splitter (7) and light
Between annular integrator (9), and each switch and each ring of light shape of ring of light shape integrator (9) inside that light stacked switch (8) is internal
Device corresponds.
7. a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar according to claim 1 it is characterized in that;The ring of light shape
Integrator (9) is set between the laser beam splitter (7) and the optical unit (10).
8. a kind of optical emission system of multi-line laser radar according to claim 1 has follow steps:
Step 1: first part is that laser light source (1) is coupled to optical fiber (2) part.This laser light source (1) can be LD laser light
Light source shoot laser is converged to optical fiber by non-spherical lens and gone out in light end (6) by source (1), can when using different LD light sources
It is coupled with placing the optical fiber (2) of respective number according to optical fiber (2) size, it is ensured that converge spot size in camera lens in optical fiber (2) end face
It is interior.In order to obtain preferable coupling efficiency, core diameter can be used in the multimode fibre (2) of 50um or so.In order to better
The single mode optical fiber (2) of core diameter 10um or so also can be used in collimating effect.The advantage so handled is by LD and its drive
Dynamic circuit is separated with collimation emission system, eliminates the trouble that reflecting mirror arrangement is carried out inside laser radar.
Step 2: second part is that optical fiber goes out light end (6) to collimation lens set (5) part.The Gaussian beam that optical fiber (2) are emitted
Collimation, directly collimates than LD light source and is more easier, collimating effect is more preferable.Use the collimation lens set of 2 aspherical compositions of plastic cement
(5) the shoot laser collimation of optical fiber (2) can be launched well.This plastic aspheric lenes is the same as mobile lens
Plastic lens processing technology is the same, is very easy mass production.Optical fiber (2) is placed in collimation lens set (5) focal plane
Advantage be intensive line number emission system easy to accomplish, can be within the scope of limited focal plane because optical fiber (2) is very tiny
Arrange enough optical fiber (2).
Step 3: go out that light end (6) passes through from light beam as planar diameter has a 35mm, multimode or single mode optical fiber (2) outside through 125um,
It can also be easy to be aligned to 250 linear lights fibre (2).If collimating mirror head portrait planar design to diameter 70mm or more can be arranged
It arranges to more than 500 lines.The placement of optical fiber (2), can be tentatively fixed by the metal or plastic parts of cutting, and UV glue is used after debugging
Water cure facilitates easily fabricated.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112113884A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-22 | 挚感(苏州)光子科技有限公司 | Multi-wavelength laser beam light curtain implementation method based on integrated optical chip |
CN112540360A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-23 | 北醒(北京)光子科技有限公司 | Radar and angle adjusting device |
CN113671509A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-19 | 南京牧镭激光科技有限公司 | Large-energy multichannel laser radar beam switching method |
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CN105278011A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-27 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Optical fiber laser collimating and shaping device, and design method thereof |
CN205749898U (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-11-30 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Multi-line laser radar |
CN107153194A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-09-12 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Multi-line laser radar and multi-line laser radar control method |
CN107153195A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-09-12 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Multi-line laser radar and multi-line laser radar control method |
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CN105278011A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-27 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Optical fiber laser collimating and shaping device, and design method thereof |
CN205749898U (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-11-30 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Multi-line laser radar |
CN107153194A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-09-12 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Multi-line laser radar and multi-line laser radar control method |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112540360A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-23 | 北醒(北京)光子科技有限公司 | Radar and angle adjusting device |
CN112540360B (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2023-10-13 | 北醒(北京)光子科技有限公司 | Radar and angle adjusting device |
CN112113884A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-22 | 挚感(苏州)光子科技有限公司 | Multi-wavelength laser beam light curtain implementation method based on integrated optical chip |
CN113671509A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-19 | 南京牧镭激光科技有限公司 | Large-energy multichannel laser radar beam switching method |
CN113671509B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-07-11 | 南京牧镭激光科技股份有限公司 | High-energy multichannel laser radar beam switching method |
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Application publication date: 20190430 |