CN109695985B - Low loss liquid helium dewar with independent and detachable sample chamber for confined space - Google Patents
Low loss liquid helium dewar with independent and detachable sample chamber for confined space Download PDFInfo
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- CN109695985B CN109695985B CN201811635596.7A CN201811635596A CN109695985B CN 109695985 B CN109695985 B CN 109695985B CN 201811635596 A CN201811635596 A CN 201811635596A CN 109695985 B CN109695985 B CN 109695985B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
Abstract
The invention discloses an independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium Dewar for a sample cavity of a limited space, which comprises five cylinders with gradually increased diameters, an upper nested structure, five tubes with gradually increased diameters, a lower nested structure, a cold shield tube A and a cold shield tube B, and a double-cold-shield structure, wherein the upper nested structure of the lower nested structure is below and coaxial with the upper nested structure, and the double-cold-shield structure is below and coaxial with the lower nested structure. The independently detachable high-compactness low-loss liquid helium Dewar can bring better use prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of liquid helium dewars, in particular to a low-loss liquid helium dewar with independent and detachable sample cavities for a limited space.
Background
Measurement in a low-temperature environment is an important field of modern science and technology, while the liquid helium dewar is an ideal container and tool for storing low-temperature liquid and carrying out low-temperature research, and can obtain an effective extremely low-temperature environment for the liquid helium dewar; and secondly, the liquid helium Dewar has a heat insulation system capable of maintaining the low-temperature environment for a long time, so that the liquid helium Dewar has wider and more extensive application and more prominent importance in the field of low-temperature measurement.
With the growing concern about the properties of materials under extreme conditions, more and more measurements are required to be performed under extreme conditions, for example, in the detection of the properties of materials under extremely low temperature and strong magnetic field environments, the application of liquid helium dewars is required, and the space of the extreme environments is generally limited, for example, in a magnet providing a strong magnetic field, the caliber of the magnet is generally small, which requires that the outer diameter of the dewar is not too large, and a measuring device is required to be placed in the interior of the dewar, the inner diameter of the dewar is required to be larger as well as better, both of which together cause that the space of the dewar placed in the magnet is limited inside and outside, and under the condition that the inner diameter and the outer diameter are limited, the dewar has three difficulties in design:
one is to ensure the independence of the sample cavity, the independence of the sample cavity is necessary for measurement, and the independent sample cavity can realize the cooling of the sample by introducing exchange gas, thereby providing more selectivity for the measurement condition;
secondly, the detachability of the sample cavity is ensured, the detachability is extremely high, the use is convenient, and the sample is convenient to replace;
and thirdly, how to obtain the best heat insulation effect on the premise of internal and external limitation and reduce the loss of liquid helium to the minimum.
However, no specific technical scheme is found in the prior art to solve the three difficulties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide the low-loss liquid helium dewar with the independent and detachable sample cavity for the limited space, which can effectively overcome the difficulties in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention relates to a low-loss liquid helium dewar with independent and detachable sample cavities for limited space, which comprises five cylinders with gradually increased diameters, wherein the five cylinders are respectively called as follows from thick to thin: the cylinder A, the cylinder B, the cylinder C, the cylinder D and the cylinder E are coaxially sleeved together and are vertically arranged to form an upper nested structure,
five pipes with increasing diameters are also included, which are respectively called from thick to thin: the first pipe, the second pipe, the third pipe, the fourth pipe and the fifth pipe are coaxially sleeved together to form a lower nesting structure, the lower nesting structure is positioned below the upper nesting structure and is coaxial with the upper nesting structure,
the upper end of the cylinder A is hermetically connected with the upper sealing cover A, the lower end of the cylinder A is hermetically connected with the lower sealing cover A, the lower end of the lower sealing cover A is connected with the upper end of the first pipe in a flange sealing mode,
the upper end of the cylinder B is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover B, a liquid nitrogen transfusion tube is fixedly arranged on the upper sealing cover B, the lower end of the cylinder B is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover B, the lower end of the lower sealing cover B is connected with the upper end of the tube B in a vacuum sealing mode,
the upper end of the cylinder plug is hermetically connected with the upper sealing cap plug, the lower end of the cylinder plug is hermetically connected with the lower sealing cap plug, the lower end of the lower sealing cap plug is connected with the upper end of the plug pipe in a vacuum sealing mode,
the upper end of the cylinder T is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover T, the upper sealing cover T is fixedly provided with a liquid helium transfusion tube, the lower end of the cylinder T is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover T, the lower end of the lower sealing cover T is connected with the upper end of the T tube in a vacuum sealing mode,
the lower end of the cylindrical pentagon is connected with the upper end of the pentagon tube in a vacuum sealing mode,
the top of the upper sealing cover C and the top of the upper sealing cover B are respectively connected with two ends of a hexangular pipe in a sealing way, the hexangular pipe is coaxially sleeved outside the cylindrical pentagon,
the cold shield structure further comprises a cold shield pipe A and a cold shield pipe B, the cold shield pipe A is coaxially sleeved outside the cold shield pipe B to form a double cold shield structure, the double cold shield structure is positioned below the lower nested structure and is coaxial with the lower nested structure,
the bottom of the interlayer formed by the second pipe and the third pipe is sealed and is connected with the upper end of the cold shield pipe A through a fastener,
the bottom of an interlayer formed by the T pipe and the V pipe is sealed, and is connected with the upper end of the cold cover pipe B in a vacuum sealing mode through a metal ring sealing flange.
Preferably, the first tube, the first cold cover tube and the second cold cover tube are respectively provided with optical windows for introducing light, and the heights of the three groups of optical windows are consistent.
Preferably, the hexantube is fixedly provided with a radiation-proof sheet; the device is characterized by further comprising a heptad pipe, wherein the heptad pipe is coaxially sleeved inside the hexantube, the lower end of the heptad pipe is connected with the bottom of the hexantube, the upper end of the heptad pipe is connected with the cylindrical pentan, and the heptad pipe is made of oxygen-free copper.
Preferably, the upper cover is provided with a capillary tube, and the other end of the capillary tube is inserted into the interlayer formed by the tee tube and the pentagon tube.
Preferably, the outer surface of the cylinder block is fixedly provided with a plurality of layers of aluminum films and vacuum heat insulation fiber paper in an alternating mode, and the outer surface of the lower sealing cover block is provided with activated carbon.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to realize the purpose can also be as follows:
the invention relates to a low-loss liquid helium dewar with independent and detachable sample cavities for limited space, which comprises five cylinders with gradually increased diameters, wherein the five cylinders are respectively called as follows from thick to thin: the cylinder A, the cylinder B, the cylinder C, the cylinder D and the cylinder E are coaxially sleeved together and are vertically arranged to form an upper nested structure,
also included are four tubes of increasing diameter, referred to from coarse to fine, respectively: the first pipe, the second pipe, the T pipe and the V pipe are coaxially sleeved together to form a lower nesting structure, the lower nesting structure is positioned below the upper nesting structure and is coaxial with the upper nesting structure,
the upper end of the cylinder A is hermetically connected with the upper sealing cover A, the lower end of the cylinder A is hermetically connected with the lower sealing cover A, the lower end of the lower sealing cover A is connected with the upper end of the first pipe in a flange sealing mode,
the upper end of the cylinder B is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover B, a liquid nitrogen transfusion tube is fixedly arranged on the upper sealing cover B, the lower end of the cylinder B is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover B,
the upper end of the cylinder C is hermetically connected with the upper sealing cover C, the lower end of the cylinder C is hermetically connected with the lower sealing cover C,
the bottom of an interlayer formed by the lower sealing cover B and the lower sealing cover C is sealed and is connected with the upper end of the pipe B in a sealing welding mode,
the upper end of the cylinder T is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover T, the upper sealing cover T is fixedly provided with a liquid helium transfusion tube, the lower end of the cylinder T is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover T, the lower end of the lower sealing cover T is connected with the upper end of the T tube in a vacuum sealing mode,
the lower end of the cylindrical pentagon is connected with the upper end of the pentagon tube in a vacuum sealing mode,
the top of the upper sealing cover C and the top of the upper sealing cover B are respectively connected with two ends of a hexangular pipe in a sealing way, the hexangular pipe is coaxially sleeved outside the cylindrical pentagon,
the cold cover pipe B is positioned below the lower nesting structure and is coaxial with the lower nesting structure,
the bottom of an interlayer formed by the T pipe and the V pipe is sealed, and is connected with the upper end of the cold cover pipe B in a vacuum sealing mode through a metal ring sealing flange.
Preferably, the cold shield pipe I is coaxially sleeved outside the cold shield pipe B, the upper end of the cold shield pipe I and the lower end of the cold shield pipe B are both provided with threads, and the cold shield pipe I and the cold shield pipe B are connected through the threads.
Preferably, the first tube a and the second tube b are respectively provided with optical windows for introducing light, and the heights of the two groups of optical windows are consistent.
Preferably, the hexantube is fixedly provided with a radiation-proof sheet; the lower end of the heptad pipe is connected with the bottom of the hexantube, and the upper end of the heptad pipe is connected with the cylindrical tube. The material of the heptad tube is oxygen-free copper.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose can also be as follows:
the invention relates to a low-loss liquid helium dewar with independent and detachable sample cavities for limited space, which comprises three cylinders with gradually increased diameters, wherein the three cylinders are respectively called as follows from thick to thin: the cylinder A, the cylinder D and the cylinder E are coaxially sleeved together and are vertically arranged to form an upper nested structure,
also included are three tubes of increasing diameter, referred to from coarse to fine, respectively: the first pipe, the T pipe and the E pipe are coaxially sleeved together to form a lower nesting structure, the lower nesting structure is positioned below the upper nesting structure and is coaxial with the upper nesting structure,
the upper end of the cylinder A is hermetically connected with the upper sealing cover A, the lower end of the cylinder A is hermetically connected with the lower sealing cover A, the lower end of the lower sealing cover A is connected with the upper end of the first pipe in a flange sealing mode,
the upper end of the cylinder T is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover T, the upper sealing cover T is fixedly provided with a liquid helium transfusion tube, the lower end of the cylinder T is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover T, the lower end of the lower sealing cover T is connected with the upper end of the T tube in a vacuum sealing mode,
the lower end of the cylindrical pentagon is connected with the upper end of the pentagon tube in a vacuum sealing mode,
the cold cover pipe B is arranged below the lower nested structure and is coaxial with the lower nested structure, the bottom of an interlayer formed by the T pipe and the V pipe is also sealed and is connected with the upper end of the cold cover pipe B in a vacuum sealing mode through a metal ring sealing flange,
the outer surface of the lower cover block is provided with activated carbon, the outer surface of the cylinder block is wound with alternate multilayer aluminum thin films and vacuum heat insulation fiber paper, the outer surface of the block pipe is also wound with alternate multilayer aluminum thin films and vacuum heat insulation fiber paper, the first pipe and the second cold cover pipe are respectively provided with optical windows for introducing light, and the heights of the two groups of optical windows are consistent.
Compared with the prior art, the low-loss liquid helium dewar with the independent and detachable sample cavity for the limited space has the following beneficial effects:
the independent and detachable sample cavity in the low-loss liquid helium Dewar for the limited space is formed by connecting the tube pentanes and the tube pentanes, so that ①, the sample cavity is independently arranged and can be suitable for testing and measuring various samples, and the independent sample cavity can bring great benefits in use, for example, exchange gas for cooling the samples can be introduced during low-temperature measurement, so that the samples are cooled to a lower temperature, and the more severe measurement requirements are met;
in addition, the sample cavity for the limited space is independent and detachable, and the low-loss liquid helium dewar has a ② -layer structure with high compactness, so that the sample cavity is ensured to have a large enough inner diameter under the condition of ensuring the enough outer diameter of the dewar, thereby being suitable for low-temperature measurement in the space environment with limited inner and outer diameters, such as low-temperature measurement in a magnet, and helping people to realize physical property test under extreme conditions;
in addition, in the independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium Dewar for the sample cavity in the limited space, the adopted metal ring sealing flange can be detached while being sealed, so that in a double-cooling cover structure, the lower section of the sample cavity (namely the bottom of an interlayer formed by a T-shaped pipe and a V-shaped pipe) can be detachably connected with a cooling cover pipe B through the metal ring sealing flange;
finally, the independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium Dewar for the sample cavity of the limited space is further innovated, and liquid nitrogen is introduced into the interlayer outside the sample cavity in the limited space, so that the heat insulation is enhanced, the liquid helium is protected, and the loss of the liquid helium is greatly reduced.
furthermore, the sample cavity independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium Dewar for the limited space is also provided with a ⑤ optical window, light can be introduced under extreme conditions, and the sample cavity independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium Dewar can be used for more measurement occasions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-loss liquid helium dewar with an independent and detachable sample chamber for a confined space according to a basic type provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the region F in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the region G in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-tube type sample chamber independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium dewar for a confined space according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the area a in fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of the region B in fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-loss liquid helium dewar with a separate and detachable sample chamber for a confined space, which is of a non-liquid nitrogen layer type, according to example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a partially enlarged view of the area a in fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is an external view of three independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium dewars for sample chambers in a confined space according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a cylinder I; 2. barrel B; 3. c, performing barreling; 4. c, cheese dicing; 5. e, performing tube drawing; 6. a hexantube; 7. tube inserting;
8. an upper cover A; 9. covering the upper cover B; 10. covering with a sealing cover C; 11. d, covering a cover with a T shape;
12. a lower cover A; 13. a lower seal cover B; 14. a lower sealing cover C; 15. a lower sealing cover D;
16. a liquid helium infusion tube; 17. a liquid nitrogen infusion tube; 18. a capillary tube; 19. a radiation-proof sheet; 20. alternating layers of aluminum film and vacuum insulation fiber paper;
21. a, a first pipe; 22. a second pipe; 23. a third pipe; 24. a T pipe; 25. e, pipe E;
26. a first cold cover pipe; 27. a cold cover pipe B; 28. activated carbon.
The invention is further illustrated by the following description and the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1: low loss liquid helium dewar with independent and detachable sample chamber for confined space
Referring to fig. 1 to 3 and 9, the sample chamber independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium dewar for a confined space comprises five cylinders with increasing diameters, which are respectively called as follows from thick to thin: the cylinder A1, the cylinder B2, the cylinder C3, the cylinder D4 and the cylinder E5 are coaxially sleeved together, the shaft is vertically arranged to form an upper nested structure, the upper nested structure, an upper sealing cover A8, an upper sealing cover B9, an upper sealing cover C10, an upper sealing cover D11, a lower sealing cover A12, a lower sealing cover B13, a lower sealing cover C14, a lower sealing cover D15 and a hexantube 6 form a cavity for storing liquid nitrogen, a cavity for storing liquid helium and a vacuum layer between the two cavities,
five pipes with increasing diameters are also included, which are respectively called from thick to thin: the first tube 21, the second tube 22, the third tube 23, the fourth tube 24 and the fifth tube 25 are coaxially sleeved together to form a lower nested structure, the lower nested structure is coaxial with the upper nested structure and is positioned below the upper nested structure, the lower nested structure forms a liquid nitrogen pool, a liquid helium pool and the lower parts of the two vacuum interlayers,
the upper end of the cylinder A1 is sealed by a sealing cover, called as an upper sealing cover A8, the lower end of the cylinder A1 is sealed by a sealing cover, called as a lower sealing cover 12, the lower end of the lower sealing cover 12 is connected with the upper end of the first pipe 21 through flange sealing, the flange sealing has the advantage of ensuring vacuum and being detachable, so that the outermost layer of the Dewar is detachable, the upper end of the cylinder B2 is sealed by a sealing cover, called as an upper sealing cover B9, and a liquid conveying pipe, called as a liquid nitrogen liquid conveying pipe 17, is fixedly installed on the upper sealing cover B9 and is used for conveying liquid nitrogen for a liquid nitrogen cavity; the lower end of the cylinder B2 is sealed by a sealing cover and is called as a lower sealing cover B13, the lower end of the lower sealing cover B13 is connected with the upper end of a tube B22 through vacuum sealing,
the upper end of the cylinder C3 is sealed by a sealing cover, which is called as an upper sealing cover C10, the lower end of the cylinder C3 is sealed by a sealing cover, which is called as a lower sealing cover C14, the lower end of the lower sealing cover C14 is connected with the upper end of a C pipe 23 by vacuum sealing,
the upper end of the cylinder T4 is sealed by a sealing cover and is called as an upper sealing cover T11, a liquid conveying pipe called as a liquid helium conveying pipe 16 is fixedly arranged on the upper sealing cover T11 and is used for conveying liquid helium to the liquid helium cavity, the lower end of the cylinder T4 is sealed by the sealing cover and is called as a lower sealing cover T15, the lower end of the lower sealing cover T15 is connected with the upper end of a T pipe 24 through vacuum sealing, the lower end of a cylinder V5 is connected with the upper end of a V pipe 25 through vacuum sealing,
the top of the upper seal cover A8 is hermetically connected with the top of the upper seal cover B9 through a hexanizer 6, the hexanizer 6 is coaxially sleeved outside the cylindrical pentagon 5,
the cold shield structure further comprises a cold shield pipe A26 and a cold shield pipe B27, the cold shield pipe A26 is coaxially sleeved outside the cold shield pipe B27 to form a double cold shield structure, the double cold shield structure is coaxial with and positioned below the lower nested structure, the double cold shield structure is connected with the lower nested structure,
the tube 5, the tube 25 and the cold cover tube B27 form a sample cavity together, the diameters of the three can be different,
the first tube 21, the first cold cover tube 26 and the second cold cover tube 27 are provided with opposite optical windows, the three groups of optical windows are consistent in height, and the optical windows can introduce light under extreme conditions and can be used for more measurement occasions.
The bottom of the interlayer formed by the second pipe 22 and the third pipe 23 is sealed and is connected with the upper end of the first cold cover pipe 26 through a fastener, the fastener enables the first cold cover pipe 26 to be detachable, because the first cold cover pipe 26 is made of oxygen-free copper, the oxygen-free copper is beneficial to heat conduction, the first cold cover pipe 26 is connected with a liquid nitrogen cold pool, the temperature of the first cold cover pipe 26 is kept to be the temperature of liquid nitrogen, so that the effect of isolating heat radiation is achieved,
the bottom of an interlayer formed by the T-shaped pipe 24 and the V-shaped pipe 25 is also sealed and is connected with the upper end of the cold cover pipe B27 in a vacuum sealing way through a metal ring sealing flange, the cold cover pipe B27 is detachable through the metal ring sealing flange, so that the sample cavity is detachable, the metal ring sealing flange is an indium sealing flange which can achieve vacuum sealing at low temperature, the sample cavity can be separated from the vacuum layer through the metal ring sealing design, the sample cavity is independent, the independent sample cavity can be cooled through exchanging air when in use, the sample can reach lower temperature, but the vacuum degree of the vacuum layer can not be influenced,
because the cold cover pipe B27 is connected with the liquid helium cooling pool, the material of the cold cover pipe B27 is also oxygen-free copper, the temperature of the cold cover pipe B27 is kept to be the temperature of the liquid helium, the required low temperature can be reached and kept for a long time when the sample is placed in the cavity,
the hexantube 6 is fixedly provided with the radiation-proof sheet 19, the heptatube 7 is additionally arranged, the heptatube 7 is coaxially sleeved in the hexantube 6, the lower end of the heptatube is connected with the bottom of the hexantube 6, the upper end of the heptatube 7 is connected with the cylindrical pentatube 5, the heptatube 7 is made of oxygen-free copper, the outer layer of the cylindrical pentatube 5 is additionally provided with a layer of low-temperature cold cover due to the existence of the heptatube 7, the effects of isolating heat radiation and reducing the loss of liquid helium are achieved,
the upper cover shell 8 is provided with a capillary tube 18, the other end of the capillary tube 18 is inserted into the interlayer formed by the T-shaped tube 24 and the E-shaped tube 25, the capillary tube can be used for pumping air in the interlayer to facilitate filling of liquid helium,
the outer surface of the cylinder block 4 is fixedly provided with a plurality of layers of alternating aluminum films and vacuum heat insulation fiber paper 20, the outer surface of the lower sealing cover 15 is provided with activated carbon 28, and the alternating layers of aluminum films, vacuum heat insulation fiber paper 20 and activated carbon 28 are all used for playing a heat insulation role and protecting liquid helium.
Example 2: single-tube type sample cavity independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium dewar for limited space
Referring to fig. 4 to 6 and 9, five cylinders with increasing diameters are included, which are respectively called from thick to thin: the cylinder A1, the cylinder B2, the cylinder C3, the cylinder D4 and the cylinder E5 are coaxially sleeved together, and the shaft is vertically arranged to form an upper nested structure,
also included are four tubes of increasing diameter, referred to from coarse to fine, respectively: the first pipe 21, the second pipe 22, the T pipe 24 and the E pipe 25 are coaxially sleeved together to form a lower nested structure which is coaxial with and below the upper nested structure,
the upper end of the cylinder A1 is sealed by a sealing cover and is called an upper sealing cover A8, the lower end of the cylinder A1 is sealed by a sealing cover and is called a lower sealing cover A12, the lower end of the lower sealing cover A12 is connected with the upper end of a first pipe 21 through a flange seal, the upper end of the cylinder B2 is sealed by a sealing cover and is called an upper sealing cover B9, a transfusion pipe is fixedly arranged on the upper sealing cover B9 and is called a liquid nitrogen transfusion pipe 17, the lower end of the cylinder B2 is sealed by a sealing cover and is called a lower sealing cover B13, the upper end of the cylinder C3 is sealed by a sealing cover and is called an upper sealing cover C10, the lower end of the cylinder C is sealed by a sealing cover and is called a lower sealing cover C14, the upper end of the cylinder D4 is sealed by a sealing cover and is called an upper sealing cover D11, the upper sealing cover D11 is fixedly arranged with a liquid helium 16, the lower end of the cylinder D is sealed by a sealing cover and is called a lower sealing cover D15, the lower sealing cover D15 is connected with the,
the top of the upper seal cover A8 is hermetically connected with the top of the upper seal cover B9 through a hexanizer 6, the hexanizer 6 is coaxially sleeved outside the cylindrical pentagon 5,
the cold shield pipe B27 is further included, the cold shield pipe B27 is coaxial with the lower nesting structure,
the bottom of the interlayer formed by the lower cover B13 and the lower cover C14 is sealed and is connected with the upper end of the second pipe 22 by sealing welding,
the bottom of the interlayer formed by the T-shaped pipe 24 and the V-shaped pipe 25 is also sealed and is connected with the upper end of the cold cover pipe B27 in a vacuum sealing way through a metal ring sealing flange,
can also comprise a cold shield pipe A26, the cold shield pipe A26 is coaxially sleeved outside the cold shield pipe B27, the upper end of the cold shield pipe A26 and the lower end of the pipe B22 are both provided with threads and are connected through the threads,
the first tube 21 and the second tube 27 are provided with opposite optical windows, and the heights of the two groups of optical windows are consistent,
the pipe 6 is fixedly provided with a radiation-proof sheet 19, a heptad pipe 7 is additionally arranged, the pipe is coaxially sleeved inside the hexantube 6, the lower end of the heptad pipe is connected with the bottom of the hexantube 6, and the upper end of the heptad pipe is connected with the cylindrical pentad 5. The material of the heptad pipe 7 is oxygen-free copper.
Example 3: liquid nitrogen layer-free sample cavity independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium dewar for limited space
Referring to fig. 7 to 9, three cylinders with increasing diameters are included, which are respectively called from thick to thin: the cylinder A1, the cylinder D4 and the cylinder E5 are coaxially sleeved together, the shaft is vertically arranged to form an upper nested structure,
also included are three tubes of increasing diameter, referred to from coarse to fine, respectively: the first pipe 21, the T-shaped pipe 24 and the E-shaped pipe 25 are coaxially sleeved together to form a lower nested structure which is coaxial with and below the upper nested structure,
the upper end of the cylinder A1 is sealed by a sealing cover, which is called an upper sealing cover A8, the lower end of the cylinder A1 is sealed by a sealing cover, which is called a lower sealing cover A12, the lower end of the lower sealing cover A12 is connected with the upper end of a A pipe 21 by a flange seal, the upper end of the cylinder D4 is sealed by a sealing cover, which is called an upper sealing cover D11, the upper sealing cover D11 is fixedly provided with a transfusion pipe, which is called a liquid helium transfusion pipe 16, the lower end of the cylinder D is sealed by a sealing cover, which is called a lower sealing cover D15, the lower end of the lower sealing cover D15 is connected with the upper end of a T-pipe 24 by a vacuum seal, the lower end of a cylinder,
the device also comprises a cold cover tube B27, the cold cover tube B27 is coaxial with the lower nested structure and is positioned below the lower nested structure, the tube E5, the tube E25 and the cold cover tube B27 form an independent sample cavity together,
the bottom of the interlayer formed by the T-shaped pipe 24 and the V-shaped pipe 25 is also sealed and is connected with the upper end of the cold cover pipe B27 in a vacuum sealing way through a metal ring sealing flange,
the outer surface of the lower cover block 15 is provided with active carbon 28, the outer surface of the cylinder block 4 is wound with a plurality of layers of aluminum thin films and vacuum heat insulation fiber paper 20 which are alternated, the outer surface of the T-pipe 24 is also wound with a plurality of layers of aluminum thin films and vacuum heat insulation fiber paper which are alternated,
the first tube 21 and the second tube 27 are provided with opposite optical windows, and the heights of the two groups of optical windows are consistent.
It should be noted that, the invention discloses a low-loss liquid helium dewar with independent and detachable sample chambers for a limited space, and three schemes can be implemented:
when the low-loss liquid helium Dewar is used, firstly, the whole device is vacuumized, then liquid nitrogen and liquid helium are injected in sequence, the liquid nitrogen cavity is positioned at the outer layer of the liquid helium cavity, the cylinder B2, the cylinder C3, the hexylene tube 6, the upper sealing cover B13, the upper sealing cover C14, the lower sealing cover B9 and the lower sealing cover C10 form a liquid nitrogen cold net cavity together to play a role in protecting liquid helium, the lower end of the heptad tube 7 is connected with the bottom of the hexylene tube 6, the upper end of the heptad tube is connected with the pental 5, the heptad tube is changed into a heat-insulating cold shield with liquid nitrogen temperature, the loss of the liquid helium can be further reduced, and the heat insulation effect is better,
1) for the basic type independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium Dewar used for the sample cavity of the limited space, liquid nitrogen is also introduced into an interlayer outside the sample cavity in the limited space, so that the thermal short circuit condition between a liquid nitrogen layer and the liquid helium layer is avoided, a liquid nitrogen cooling pool and a liquid helium cooling pool are formed, in order to enable the liquid helium cooling pool to be filled with the liquid helium, a capillary tube is creatively arranged and can play a role in pumping the liquid helium to be convenient for the liquid helium to enter the liquid helium cooling pool with a narrow space, the liquid nitrogen and the liquid helium interlayer are respectively connected with a first cooling cover tube 26 and a second cooling cover tube 27, the double cooling cover structure can obtain an excellent heat insulation effect, the loss of the liquid helium is greatly reduced, the double cooling cover structure is also designed to be detachable, the sample replacement is convenient, great convenience is provided for the measurement of the Dewar at a low temperature, and the self functionality is effectively increased,
2) for the single-tube type independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium Dewar for the sample cavity of the limited space, liquid nitrogen is not introduced into an interlayer outside the sample cavity in the limited space, namely a liquid nitrogen cooling pool is not arranged, the bottom of the interlayer formed by the lower sealing cover B13 and the lower sealing cover C14 is sealed and is connected with the upper end of the second tube 22 through sealing welding, the second tube 22 is used for replacing the liquid nitrogen cooling pool, the outer diameter of the lower part of the whole Dewar can be further reduced, the applicable range of the Dewar is larger, on the basis, the lower end of the second tube 22 can be connected with a cold cover tube A26 through threads, as the two are connected in a threaded manner, the integral diameter is not enlarged, the heat radiation of liquid helium from the cold cover tube B27 is further shielded, the heat insulation is enhanced, and the effect is better,
3) to the independent and detachable low-loss liquid helium dewar that is used for the sample chamber in confined space of no liquid nitrogen layer type, we no longer use the liquid nitrogen layer, and the external diameter of the latter half of whole dewar is further reduced, and for thermal insulation, we adopt the scheme that whole winding of periphery on all liquid helium layers is alternate multilayer aluminium system film and vacuum insulation fiber paper 20, also can reach fine adiabatic effect, and very big simplification whole device moreover for the practicality is more strengthened. In a word, the whole design of the invention can be better applied to a space with limited inner and outer diameters, such as a magnet, for measuring the properties of some materials under extreme conditions, and the Dewar is provided with an optical window which can introduce light during measurement, so that the Dewar is suitable for more measurement occasions.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A low loss liquid helium dewar with independent and removable sample chambers for confined spaces, characterized by:
comprises five cylinders with increasing diameters, which are respectively called as follows from thick to thin: the cylinder A (1), the cylinder B (2), the cylinder C (3), the cylinder D (4) and the cylinder E (5) are coaxially sleeved together and are vertically arranged to form an upper nested structure,
five pipes with increasing diameters are also included, which are respectively called from thick to thin: a first pipe (21), a second pipe (22), a third pipe (23), a third pipe (24) and a fifth pipe (25) which are coaxially sleeved together to form a lower nested structure, the lower nested structure is positioned below the upper nested structure and is coaxial with the upper nested structure,
the upper end of the cylinder A (1) is hermetically connected with the upper sealing cover A (8), the lower end of the cylinder A (1) is hermetically connected with the lower sealing cover A (12), the lower end of the lower sealing cover A (12) is connected with the upper end of the first pipe (21) in a flange sealing mode,
the upper end of the cylinder B (2) is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover B (9), a liquid nitrogen transfusion tube (17) is fixedly arranged on the upper sealing cover B (9), the lower end of the cylinder B (2) is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover B (13), the lower end of the lower sealing cover B (13) is connected with the upper end of the tube B (22) in a vacuum sealing manner,
the upper end of the cylinder plug (3) is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cap plug (10), the lower end of the cylinder plug (3) is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cap plug (14), the lower end of the lower sealing cap plug (14) is connected with the upper end of the plug pipe (23) in a vacuum sealing mode,
the upper end of the barrel T (4) is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover T (11), a liquid helium transfusion tube (16) is fixedly arranged on the upper sealing cover T (11), the lower end of the barrel T (4) is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover T (15), the lower end of the lower sealing cover T (15) is connected with the upper end of the T-shaped tube (24) in a vacuum sealing manner,
the lower end of the cylindrical pentagon (5) is connected with the upper end of the pentagon tube (25) in a vacuum sealing mode,
the top of the upper sealing cover C (10) and the top of the upper sealing cover B (9) are respectively connected with two ends of a hexanizer (6) in a sealing way, the hexanizer (6) is coaxially sleeved outside the cylindrical pentagon (5),
the cold shield structure is characterized by further comprising a first cold shield pipe (26) and a second cold shield pipe (27), wherein the first cold shield pipe (26) is coaxially sleeved outside the second cold shield pipe (27) to form a double cold shield structure, the double cold shield structure is positioned below the lower nested structure and is coaxial with the lower nested structure,
the bottom of the interlayer formed by the second pipe (22) and the third pipe (23) is sealed and is connected with the upper end of the cold shield pipe A (26) through a fastener,
the bottom of an interlayer formed by the T pipe (24) and the V pipe (25) is sealed, and is connected with the upper end of the cold cover pipe B (27) in a vacuum sealing mode through a metal ring sealing flange.
2. The sample chamber independent and removable low-loss liquid helium dewar for confined spaces according to claim 1 wherein: optical windows for introducing light are respectively arranged on the first pipe (21), the first cold cover pipe (26) and the second cold cover pipe (27), and the heights of the three groups of optical windows are consistent.
3. The sample chamber independent and removable low-loss liquid helium dewar for confined spaces according to claim 1 wherein:
the hexantube (6) is fixedly provided with a radiation-proof sheet (19),
the novel oil-gas well is characterized by further comprising a heptan pipe (7), wherein the heptan pipe (7) is coaxially sleeved inside the hexantube (6), the lower end of the heptan pipe (7) is connected with the bottom of the hexantube (6), the upper end of the heptan pipe is connected with the cylindrical pentan (5), and the heptan pipe (7) is made of oxygen-free copper.
4. The sample chamber independent and removable low-loss liquid helium dewar for confined spaces according to claim 1 wherein: the upper cover plate (8) is provided with a capillary tube (18), and the other end of the capillary tube (18) is inserted into an interlayer formed by the T-shaped tube (24) and the pentane-shaped tube (25).
5. The sample chamber independent and removable low-loss liquid helium dewar for confined spaces according to claim 1 wherein: the outer surface of the cylinder block (4) is fixedly provided with a plurality of layers of aluminum films and vacuum heat insulation fiber paper (20) which are arranged alternately, and the outer surface of the lower sealing cover block (15) is provided with activated carbon (28).
6. A low loss liquid helium dewar with independent and removable sample chambers for confined spaces, characterized by:
comprises five cylinders with increasing diameters, which are respectively called as follows from thick to thin: a cylinder A (1), a cylinder B (2), a cylinder C (3), a cylinder D (4) and a cylinder E (5) which are coaxially sleeved together and vertically arranged to form an upper nested structure,
also included are four tubes of increasing diameter, referred to from coarse to fine, respectively: a first pipe (21), a second pipe (22), a T pipe (24) and a penta pipe (25) which are coaxially sleeved together to form a lower nested structure, the lower nested structure is positioned below the upper nested structure and is coaxial with the upper nested structure,
the upper end of the cylinder A (1) is hermetically connected with the upper sealing cover A (8), the lower end of the cylinder A (1) is hermetically connected with the lower sealing cover A (12), the lower end of the lower sealing cover A (12) is connected with the upper end of the first pipe (21) in a flange sealing mode,
the upper end of the cylinder B (2) is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover B (9), a liquid nitrogen transfusion tube (17) is fixedly arranged on the upper sealing cover B (9), the lower end of the cylinder B (2) is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover B (13),
the upper end of the cylinder C (3) is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover C (10), the lower end of the cylinder C (3) is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover C (14),
the bottom of an interlayer formed by the lower sealing cover B (13) and the lower sealing cover C (14) is sealed and is connected with the upper end of the second pipe (22) in a sealing welding mode,
the upper end of the barrel T (4) is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover T (11), a liquid helium transfusion tube (16) is fixedly arranged on the upper sealing cover T (11), the lower end of the barrel T (4) is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover T (15), the lower end of the lower sealing cover T (15) is connected with the upper end of the T-shaped tube (24) in a vacuum sealing manner,
the lower end of the cylindrical pentagon (5) is connected with the upper end of the pentagon tube (25) in a vacuum sealing mode,
the top of the upper sealing cover C (10) and the top of the upper sealing cover B (9) are respectively connected with two ends of a hexanizer (6) in a sealing way, the hexanizer (6) is coaxially sleeved outside the cylindrical pentagon (5),
further comprising a second cold cover tube (27), the second cold cover tube (27) is arranged below the lower nesting structure and is coaxial with the lower nesting structure,
the bottom of an interlayer formed by the T pipe (24) and the V pipe (25) is sealed, and is connected with the upper end of the cold cover pipe B (27) in a vacuum sealing mode through a metal ring sealing flange.
7. The sample chamber independent and removable low-loss liquid helium dewar for confined spaces according to claim 6 wherein: the cold shield pipe I (26) is coaxially sleeved outside the cold shield pipe II (27), the upper end of the cold shield pipe I (26) and the lower end of the pipe II (22) are both provided with threads, and the cold shield pipe I (26) and the cold shield pipe II are connected through the threads.
8. The sample chamber independent and removable low-loss liquid helium dewar for confined spaces according to claim 6 wherein: optical windows for introducing light are respectively arranged on the first tube (21) and the second cold cover tube (27), and the heights of the two groups of optical windows are consistent.
9. The sample chamber independent and removable low-loss liquid helium dewar for confined spaces according to claim 6 wherein:
the hexantube (6) is fixedly provided with a radiation-proof sheet (19),
the novel oil-gas well is characterized by further comprising a heptan pipe (7), wherein the heptan pipe (7) is coaxially sleeved inside the hexantube (6), the lower end of the heptan pipe (7) is connected with the bottom of the hexantube (6), the upper end of the heptan pipe is connected with the cylindrical pentan (5), and the heptan pipe (7) is made of oxygen-free copper.
10. A low loss liquid helium dewar with independent and removable sample chambers for confined spaces, characterized by:
comprises three cylinders with increasing diameters, which are respectively called as follows: the cylinder head (1), the cylinder head (4) and the cylinder head (5) are coaxially sleeved together and are vertically arranged to form an upper nested structure,
also included are three tubes of increasing diameter, referred to from coarse to fine, respectively: a first pipe (21), a T pipe (24) and a fifth pipe (25) which are coaxially sleeved together to form a lower nested structure, the lower nested structure is positioned below the upper nested structure and is coaxial with the upper nested structure,
the upper end of the cylinder A (1) is hermetically connected with the upper sealing cover A (8), the lower end of the cylinder A (1) is hermetically connected with the lower sealing cover A (12), the lower end of the lower sealing cover A (12) is connected with the upper end of the first pipe (21) in a flange sealing mode,
the upper end of the barrel T (4) is hermetically connected with an upper sealing cover T (11), a liquid helium transfusion tube (16) is fixedly arranged on the upper sealing cover T (11), the lower end of the barrel T (4) is hermetically connected with a lower sealing cover T (15), the lower end of the lower sealing cover T (15) is connected with the upper end of the T-shaped tube (24) in a vacuum sealing manner,
the lower end of the cylindrical pentagon (5) is connected with the upper end of the pentagon tube (25) in a vacuum sealing mode,
further comprising a second cold cover tube (27), the second cold cover tube (27) is arranged below the lower nesting structure and is coaxial with the lower nesting structure,
the bottom of an interlayer formed by the T pipe (24) and the V pipe (25) is also sealed and is connected with the upper end of the cold cover pipe B (27) in a vacuum sealing way through a metal ring sealing flange,
the outer surface of the lower cover block (15) is provided with activated carbon (28), the outer surface of the cylinder block (4) is wound with alternate multilayer aluminum thin films and vacuum heat insulation fiber paper, the outer surface of the T pipe (24) is also wound with alternate multilayer aluminum thin films and vacuum heat insulation fiber paper, optical windows for introducing light are respectively arranged on the first pipe (21) and the second cold cover pipe (27), and the two groups of optical windows are consistent in height.
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| CN207849851U (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-09-11 | 北京市朝阳区长安机电技术研究所 | The liquid nitrogen metal Dewar bottle of slow cooling |
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| US4367743A (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1983-01-11 | Virginia M. Gregory | Self-pressurizing cryogenic apparatus and method |
| US4218892A (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1980-08-26 | Nasa | Low cost cryostat |
| CN2052516U (en) * | 1989-07-13 | 1990-02-07 | 何曙安 | Dewar flask of change temp. using liquid nitrogen |
| CN105738400A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-07-06 | 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 | Low-temperature adsorption material analysis and characterization system |
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