CN109690896A - 用于电力线通信的电路断路器 - Google Patents
用于电力线通信的电路断路器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
根据一个实施例,公开了一种用于保护电气电路的设备(100),该设备具有通过断流模块(104)连接的至少两个触点(102,105)、以及双工器(101)。双工器(101)分离源自电力线通信的低频电流和通信信号,使得通信信号被传导到该设备的信号触点(103)并且可以与另一设备交换。
Description
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及电气电路的保护,例如通过熔断器或断路器。并且更具体地,涉及用于电力线通信的保护设备的优化。
背景技术
为了保护电气设备中的电气电路免受过电流和/或电压的影响,使用诸如断路器和/或熔断器等设备。这些设备安装在需要保护的电气电路与市电电源连接之间。然后,当发生诸如过电流等故障和/或异常时,该设备将电气电路与电源断开。
这些电气电路首先被设计用于将电力传输到电气设备。尽管如此,电气电路还可以用于将通信信号从电气设备中的一个触点传输到另一触点。电气设备中的这种数据通信称为电力线通信。
将通信信号从一个触点传输到另一触点的方法是将被设计用于电力线通信的适配器连接到一个房间(例如,起居室)中的插座,并且将被设计用于电力线通信的另一适配器连接到另一房间(例如,卧室)中的插座。通常,起居室的电气电路由与卧室不同的熔断器或断路器保护,这意味着,在两个不同电路中由第一适配器传输并且由第二适配器接收的通信信号通过用于保护第一电路的熔断器或断路器,通过市电电源连接,并且然后通过用于保护第二电路的熔断器或断路器。
发明内容
然而,缺点在于,通信信号通过这些熔断器或断路器以及市电电源连接,因为通信信号在熔断器或断路器中衰减并且通过市电电源连接。这导致通信链路的容量较低并且因此电力线通信的性能降低。
又一缺点在于,由连接到电路的其他电气设备产生的噪声信号将通过熔断器盒并且将被传输到电气设备中的其他电路。即使它源自没有用于电力线通信的电路。因此,在特定电路上产生的噪声信号将降低整个电气设备中的电力线通信的性能。
另一缺点在于,在一个家用电气设备中使用的电力线通信可能降低另一家用电气设备中的电力线通信的效率,因为两个家用电气设备可能都连接在配电变压器的低压侧,或者甚至可能在例如公寓楼中共用相同的汇流条。因此,在一个家用电气设备上产生的噪声信号会降低在其他家用电气设备中的电力线通信的性能。
因此,本发明的目的是公开一种能够克服上述缺点的设备和系统,并且提供一种用于保护电气电路的设备和系统,其具有改进的电力线通信能力。
在第一方面,该目的通过一种用于保护电气电路的设备来实现,该设备具有通过在检测到过电流和/或过载时可触发的断流模块连接的至少两个触点,该设备还包括双工器和信号触点,双工器被配置为将通信信号与在触点之一处接收的功率承载电流分离并且向信号触点传送通信信号。
断流模块可以例如是熔断器或断路器。双工器是滤波器元件并且分离两个不同的频带。通过将熔断器或断路器与双工器和信号触点组合在用于保护电气电路的设备中,可以分离在低频处(例如,50Hz或60Hz)的电力电流和在高频处(例如,在1.8到250MHz的范围内)的通信信号,并且将其转发至分离的触点。在设备的触点之一处接收功率电流和通信信号。双工器连接到该触点,使得功率电流通过双工器并且随后传递到熔断器或断路器。通信信号也通过双工器,并且通信信号被进一步传送到信号触点。通过使用将功率电流与通信信号分离的双工器,通信信号不会通过熔断器或断路器,并且因此不会受到由断流模块引起的衰减的影响,因为绕过了导致衰减的阻抗。此外,信号不会到达市电电源干线电缆,从而避免了进一步的衰减,并且还与来自同一市电电源干线电缆的任何噪声信号隔离。因此,实现了改进的性能,因为获取了更高的吞吐量并且使得更多的带宽可用于电力线通信。
根据一个实施例,信号触点对应于电信网络接口。
由于信号触点连接到传导通信信号的高通滤波器,因此电信网络接口可以用于将设备连接到计算机网络中的另一设备和/或设备,以便传输通信信号。优点在于,电信网络接口通常是可用的。
根据一个实施例,信号触点对应于标准插口(registered jack)。
通过使用标准插口,诸如例如RJ-45,可以使用标准化的连接器将设备连接到计算机网络中的另一设备和/或设备。
根据一个实施例,信号触点对应于无线接口。
通过使用无线通信,不会从信号触点传导电流,从而降低了安全隐患。无线接口还可以包括用于将基本上基带信号(例如,1.8到250MHz)转换成适合或许可用于无线通信的频带的射频上/下变换器。
根据一个实施例,双工器包括用于高频信号的端口、用于低频电流的端口和公共端口,其中这些端口连接到至少两个触点之一、信号触点和断流模块。
换言之,双工器通过将其端口连接到触点之一、信号触点和熔断器或断路器而并入设备中。
根据一个实施例,用于高频信号的端口连接到信号触点,用于低频电流的端口连接到断流模块,并且公共端口连接到至少两个触点之一。
因此,将双工器并入设备中的一种方式是将用于高频信号的端口连接到信号触点,将用于低频电流的端口连接到熔断器或断路器,并且将公共端口连接到触点之一。将至少两个触点之一处接收的低频电流和通信信号分离,使得低频电流被传导到熔断器或断路器,并且通信信号被传导到信号触点。在这种情况下,双工器位于家用电气电路与熔断器之间。
根据一个实施例,用于高频信号的端口连接到信号触点,用于低频电流的端口连接到至少两个触点之一,并且公共端口连接到断流模块。
因此,将双工器并入设备中的另一种方式是将用于高频信号的端口连接到信号触点,将用于低频电流的端口连接到触点之一,并且将公共端口连接到熔断器或断路器。低频电流以及通信信号流过熔断器或断路器,并且通过双工器分离,使得通信信号被传导到信号触点并且电力负载被传导到设备的触点之一。在这种情况下,双工器位于市电电源干线电缆与熔断器或断路器之间。
根据一个实施例,双工器包括高通滤波器,并且其中高通滤波器包括源端口和滤波端口,并且其中源端口连接到公共端口和用于低频率电流的端口,其中滤波端口连接到用于高频信号的端口。
换言之,公共端口和用于低频电流的端口彼此连接并且连接到高通滤波器的源端口。高通滤波器的滤波端口连接到用于高频信号的端口。优点在于,双工器仅需要一个组件,即高通滤波器,以便将通信信号与所接收的低频电流和在公共端口或用于低频负载的端口处接收的通信信号分离。高通滤波器的截止频率可以适应通信信号的频谱,在例如1.8到250MHz的范围内。
根据一个实施例,双工器包括高通滤波器和低通滤波器,并且其中高通滤波器和低通滤波器各自包括源端口和滤波端口,其中源端口是连接到公共端口,高通滤波器的滤波端口连接到用于高频信号的端口,并且低通滤波器的滤波端口连接到用于低频电流的端口。
双工器还可以包括附加组件,即低通滤波器。高通滤波器和低通滤波器的源端口共同连接到公共端口,并且高通滤波器的滤波端口连接到用于高频信号的端口,并且低通滤波器的滤波端口连接到用于低频负载的端口。低通滤波器的截止频率可以适应低频电流的频谱,该低频电流例如为50Hz或60Hz的电流。
使用低通滤波器的优点在于,来自家用电气电路的高频信号不允许到达市电电源干线电缆,并且完全转发到双工器的高频信号端口。使用低通滤波器的另一优点在于,即使电路没有用于电力线通信,在这种电路中产生的噪声信号也会通过这种低通滤波器并且会被部分衰减使得其不会对电气设备的其他电路中的电力线通信产生负面影响。
根据一个实施例,双工器包括高通滤波器和低通滤波器,并且其中高通滤波器和低通滤波器各自包括源端口和滤波端口,并且其中源端口连接到用于低频电流的端口;并且其中高通滤波器的滤波端口连接到用于高频信号的端口,并且低通滤波器的滤波端口连接到公共端口。
高通滤波器和低通滤波器也可以以不同方式连接,即通过将源端口连接到用于低频电流端口,并且将高通滤波器的滤波端口连接到用于高频信号的端口以及将低通滤波器的滤波端口连接到用于低频电流的端口。
根据一个实施例,信号触点还包括被配置为将通信信号转换为非电气通信信号的转换模块。
转换模块将信号触点连接到双工器,使得在信号触点处接收的信号是非电气传导信号,诸如无线或光信号。转换模块可以例如包括用于在基本上基带信号与适合于期望频带中的无线通信的通带信号之间进行转换的射频上/下变换器。或者,转换模块可以执行用于对适合于期望的光波长上的通信的电信号和光信号进行转换的电光转换。因此,该设备适合于使用非电信号与其他设备连接。
根据第二方面,本公开涉及一种系统,其包括两个根据本公开的第一方面的设备、和通信总线,并且其中两个设备通过信号触点连接到通信总线,并且其中通信总线适于在两个设备之间延迟通信信号。
通信总线可以例如是电线或光纤或无线频带,使得通信信号可以通过通信总线传输到另一设备。这种通信总线例如还可以包含用于将信号从一个设备传送到另一设备的附加的滤波器和/或放大器。使用通信总线是有利的,因为它易于互连至少两个设备。
根据第三方面,本公开涉及一种系统,其包括两个根据本公开的第一方面的设备、和互连网络设备,并且其中两个设备通过信号触点连接到互连网络设备。
互连网络设备可以例如是网络集线器、网关、路由器、交换机、转发器或被配置为接收、传输和/或重传通信信号的另一设备。由于根据本公开的第一方面的至少两个设备通过它们各自的信号触点连接到互连网络设备,因此有利的是,源自设备之一的通信信号可以高效、重复和/或智能方式地传输到另一设备,这取决于互连网络设备的类型。互连网络设备可以包括光通信,以允许明确地隔离来自不同设备的电信号。电光信号转换可以在互连网络设备本身内部发生,或者可以在设备的信号触点附近发生,以保护电气电路。
根据一个实施例,互连网络设备包括用于将从两个设备接收的通信信号转换为非电气通信信号的转换模块。
通信信号也可以在互连网络设备中而不是设备本身中转换。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了根据本公开的实施例的包括断流模块和双工器的用于保护电气电路的设备;
图2示意性地示出了根据本公开的实施例的包括高通滤波器的双工器;
图3示意性地示出了根据本公开的实施例的包括高通滤波器和低通滤波器的双工器;
图4示意性地示出了根据本公开的替代实施例的包括高通滤波器和低通滤波器的双工器;
图5示意性地示出了包括用于转换通信信号的转换模块的用于保护电气电路的设备;
图6示意性地示出了连接到电源和通信总线的两个设备;以及
图7示意性地示出了连接到电源和互连网络设备的两个设备。
具体实施方式
根据一个实施例,本公开涉及一种包括双工器的用于保护电气电路的设备。图1示意性地示出了这种设备。设备100具有用于将设备100连接到电气电路的至少两个触点102、105。设备100还包括断流模块104、双工器101和信号触点103。断流模块104例如可以是熔断器或断路器。
设备100经由触点102和105串联放置在电气电路中。在触点105处,可以接收低频电流和通信信号并且将其传导到双工器101。双工器101包括用于高频信号的端口107、用于低频电流的端口106和公共端口108。在触点105处接收的低频电流和通信信号被传导到双工器101的公共端口108。在双工器101中,低频电流和通信信号被分离,使得低频电流被传导到用于低频电流的端口106,并且通信信号被传导到双工器101的用于高频信号的端口107。用于低频电流的端口106连接到断流模块104,使得在电气电路中出现过电流和/或过载的情况下,断流模块104被触发并且该电路被断流。双工器101还将通信信号传导到用于高频信号的端口107。该端口107连接到设备100的信号触点103。
根据一个实施例,双工器包括高通滤波器(HPF)。图2示出了这种双工器。HPF 202包括源端口203和滤波端口200。源端口203连接到公共端口108以及双工器201的用于低频电流的端口106。因此,后两个端口106和108也连接。在公共端口108和/或用于低频电流的端口106处接收的低频电流和通信信号被分离,使得通信信号通过HPF 202传导并且在滤波端口200处输出。该滤波端口200随后连接到双工器201的用于高频信号的端口107。
根据一个实施例,双工器还可以包括低通滤波器(LPF)。图3示出了这种双工器。LPF 302包括源端口300和滤波端口303。根据一个实施例,HPF 202的源端口203和LPF 302的源端口300互连并且进一步连接到双工器301的公共端口108。LPF 302的滤波端口303连接到双工器301的用于低频电流的端口106,并且HPF 202的滤波端口200连接到双工器301的用于高频信号的端口107。
根据一个实施例,双工器中的滤波器202、302也可以以替代方式连接。图4是这种替代实施例的图示。滤波器的源端口203、300再次互连并且随后连接到双工器401的用于低频电流的端口106。LPF302的滤波端口303连接到双工器401的公共端口108,并且HPF 202的滤波端口200连接到双工器401的用于高频信号的端口107。
根据一个实施例,设备100还包括用于将通信信号转换为诸如无线或光信号等非电气通信信号的转换模块。图5示出了这种设备。转换模块500可以例如包括用于在基本上基带信号与适合于期望频带中的无线通信的通带信号之间进行转换的射频上/下变换器。或者,例如,转换模块500可以执行用于在适合于在期望的光波长上的通信的电信号和光信号之间进行转换的电光转换。
图6示出了包括两个根据以上实施例的设备的系统。除了至少两个设备100、600之外,系统610还包括通信总线603和电源606。设备100、600通过其触点之一(例如,102)连接到电源606。电源606可以具有不同的连接,诸如604、605,这些连接可以例如对应于不同的电压电平和/或不同的相位。设备100、600通过它们的另一触点108连接到电路,例如电路601和602。对于设备100,这是例如电路601,并且对于设备600,这是例如电路602。各个设备100、600的断流模块104在检测到过电流和/或过载的情况下保护它们的相应电路601、602。
在每个电路601、602中,可以传输通信信号。例如,如果在电路601中传输通信信号,则设备100的双工器101将经由其信号触点103通过通信总线603传导该通信信号,通过该通信总线603,该通信信号可以被传导到设备600的信号触点103。在设备600中,通信信号由双工器101从信号触点103传导到触点108。接下来,可以在电路602中接收通信信号。通信总线可以例如是导线或光纤。
根据一个实施例,一种系统可以包括互连网络设备而不是通信条(communicationbar)。图7示出了这样的系统710。互连网络设备700可以例如是网络集线器、网关、路由器、交换机、转发器或被配置为接收、传输和/或重传通信信号的另一设备。互连网络设备700可以具有适合于与例如设备100和600的信号触点103连接的若干端口,诸如701和702。如果接收到通信信号,则互连网络设备700可以向另一设备有效地重新传输通信信号。互连网络设备可以包括电光转换,以避免两个设备之间的电信号流。
尽管已经通过参考具体实施例说明了本发明,但是对于本领域技术人员来说很清楚的是,本发明不限于前述说明性实施例的细节,并且在不脱离其范围的情况下,本发明可以实施为具有各种改变和修改。因此,本发明的实施例在所有方面都被认为是说明性的而非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是前面的描述来指示,并且因此落入权利要求的范围内的所有改变都旨在被包括在其中。
本专利申请的读者还应当理解,单词“包括(comprising)”或“包括(comprising)”不排除其他元件或步骤,单词“一个(a)”或“一个(an)”不排除多个,并且单个元件(诸如计算机系统、处理器或其他集成单元)可以实现在权利要求中记载的若干装置的功能。权利要求中的任何附图标记不应当被解释为限制相关的相应权利要求。当在说明书或权利要求中使用时,当在说明书和权利要求书中使用时,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“a”、“b”、“c”等被引入以区分相似的元件或步骤,而不一定描述依次或时间顺序。类似地,术语“顶部”、“底部”、“上方”、“下方”等是出于描述目的而引入的,并不一定表示相对位置。应当理解,如此使用的术语在适当的情况下是可互换的,并且本发明的实施例能够以其他顺序或在与上面描述或说明的一个或多个方向不同的方向上根据本发明进行操作。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于保护电气电路的设备(100),所述设备具有通过断流模块(104)连接的至少两个触点(102,105),所述断流模块(104)在过电流和/或过载被检测到时可触发,所述设备还包括双工器(101)和信号触点(103),所述双工器(101)被配置为从在所述触点(102,105)之一处被接收的功率承载电流中分离出通信信号并且向所述信号触点(103)传送所述通信信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述信号触点(103)对应于电信网络接口。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述信号触点(103)对应于标准插口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述信号触点(103)对应于无线接口。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述双工器(101)包括用于高频信号的端口(107)、用于低频电流的端口(106)和公共端口(108),其中所述端口连接到所述至少两个触点(102,105)之一、所述信号触点(103)和所述断流模块(104)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其中用于高频信号的所述端口(107)连接到所述信号触点(103),用于低频电流的所述端口(106)连接到所述断流模块(104),并且所述公共端口(108)连接到所述至少两个触点(102,105)之一。
7.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其中用于高频信号的所述端口(107)连接到所述信号触点(103),用于低频电流的所述端口(106)连接到所述至少两个触点(102)之一,并且所述公共端口(108)连接到所述断流模块(104)。
8.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其中所述双工器(201)包括高通滤波器(202),并且其中所述高通滤波器(202)包括源端口(203)和滤波端口(200),并且其中所述源端口(203)连接到所述公共端口(108)和用于低频电流的所述端口(106);并且其中所述滤波端口(200)连接到用于高频信号的所述端口(107)。
9.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其中所述双工器(301)包括高通滤波器(202)和低通滤波器(302),并且其中所述高通滤波器(202)和所述低通滤波器(302)各自包括源端口(203,300)和滤波端口(200,303),其中所述源端口(203,300)连接到所述公共端口(108),所述高通滤波器(202)的所述滤波端口(200)连接到用于高频信号的所述端口(107),并且所述低通滤波器(302)的所述滤波端口(303)连接到用于低频电流的所述端口(106)。
10.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其中所述双工器(401)包括高通滤波器(202)和低通滤波器(302),并且其中所述高通滤波器(202)和所述低通滤波器(302)各自包括源端口(203,300)和滤波端口(200,303),并且其中所述源端口(203,300)连接到用于低频电流的所述端口(106),所述高通滤波器(202)的所述滤波端口(200)连接到用于高频信号的所述端口(107),并且所述低通滤波器(302)的所述滤波端口(303)连接到所述公共端口(108)。
11.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其中所述信号触点(103)还包括被配置为将所述通信信号转换为非电气通信信号的转换模块(500)。
12.一种系统(610),包括:
根据权利要求1所述的设备(100,600)中的两个设备;以及
通信总线(603),并且其中所述两个设备(100,600)通过所述信号触点(103)连接到所述通信总线(603);并且其中所述通信总线(603)适于在所述两个设备(100,600)之间中继通信信号。
13.一种系统(710),包括:
根据权利要求1所述的设备(100,600)中的两个设备;以及
互连网络设备(700),并且其中所述两个设备(100,600)通过所述信号触点(103)连接到所述互连网络设备(700)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的系统(710),其中所述互连网络设备包括用于将从所述两个设备接收的通信信号转换为非电气通信信号的转换模块。
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EP16290165.6A EP3293845A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2016-09-08 | Circuit breaker for power line communication |
PCT/EP2017/072088 WO2018046435A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-09-04 | Circuit breaker for power line communication |
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Application publication date: 20190426 |