CN109687484B - Optimization design method for external power grid access scheme of electrified railway - Google Patents

Optimization design method for external power grid access scheme of electrified railway Download PDF

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CN109687484B
CN109687484B CN201910057740.1A CN201910057740A CN109687484B CN 109687484 B CN109687484 B CN 109687484B CN 201910057740 A CN201910057740 A CN 201910057740A CN 109687484 B CN109687484 B CN 109687484B
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陈民武
陈垠宇
刘元立
陈玲
谢崇豪
张迪雅
吕亚博
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization design method for an external power grid access scheme of an electrified railway, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring load process data and power grid data of a traction substation; constructing an external power grid access scheme database, and establishing a three-phase equivalent model of a traction substation; constructing a three-phase power grid-traction power supply system unified model, and solving positive and negative sequence voltage distribution on each bus; calculating effective apparent power of a traction substation; pre-evaluating a limit value of a voltage unbalance degree allowed to be injected into a public power grid; calculating the capacity of the full-line compensation device; establishing an objective function of an optimization model; constructing a constraint condition of the voltage unbalance of each bus; solving the optimization model to complete the optimization design of the external power grid access scheme of the electrified railway; the invention can obtain a reasonable external power grid access scheme, and avoids the problems caused by the insufficient subjective experience of designers; meanwhile, the compensation capacity of the compensation device can be reduced, and the investment is saved.

Description

Optimization design method for external power grid access scheme of electrified railway
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optimal design of traction power supply systems, in particular to an optimal design method of an external power grid access scheme of an electrified railway.
Background
A25 kV power frequency single-phase traction power supply system is a core component of an electrified railway. However, as more and more high-speed railway lines are put into operation, the power quality problem caused by the traction power supply system in the public power grid becomes more and more prominent, especially the voltage imbalance problem. The problem is particularly prominent in the middle and western regions of China where the power grid structure is weak. Therefore, in the design stage of the traction power supply system, the problem of the generated voltage imbalance needs to be solved with great consideration, and meanwhile, the requirement of economy is met.
The external power grid access scheme is an important step in the design of a traction power supply system and comprises the selection of a traction transformer wiring form and the selection of an alternate phase commutation scheme. Different external grid access schemes have a significant impact on the voltage unbalance of the grid Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The external power grid access scheme is reasonably designed, so that the voltage unbalance degree of the PCC can meet the requirements of the national standard GB/T15543-2008; if the requirements cannot be met, the problem can be solved by installing a negative sequence compensation device, but the capacity of the negative sequence compensation device needs to be reduced due to the investment cost of the expensive negative sequence compensation device. Therefore, how to reasonably design an external power access scheme becomes a problem to be solved urgently. The existing external power grid access scheme design method has the following two problems:
(1) only a scheme with small influence on the voltage unbalance of the PCC can be given, and the condition that the PCC voltage unbalance meets the requirements in GB/T15543-2008 cannot be ensured.
(2) The capacity of the negative sequence compensation device matched with the external power grid access scheme cannot be given, so that the external power grid access scheme is not a global optimal or satisfactory solution, and the resource waste is large.
Therefore, the technical problems to be solved at present are as follows: the external power grid access scheme is a global optimal or satisfactory solution, so that the unevenness of the PCC voltage meets the requirements in GB/T15543-2008; and the negative sequence device compensation capacity corresponding to the external power grid access scheme is provided, and the construction cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an optimized design method of an external power grid access scheme of an electrified railway, which can provide a reasonable external power grid access scheme and effectively reduce the capacity of a negative sequence compensation device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring load process data and power grid data of a traction substation;
step 2: according to noThe same traction power supply system alternately changes the phase combination w and the traction transformer wiring form combination u, an external power grid access scheme f (w, u) database is established, and a corresponding three-phase equivalent model of the traction substation is established
Figure BDA0001953088740000011
Modeling an external power grid access scheme, and solving a three-phase port voltage value of the traction substation;
and step 3: based on the three-phase equivalent model of the traction substation established in the step 2, a three-phase power grid-traction power supply system unified model is established by combining power grid parameters, and positive and negative sequence voltage distribution on each bus in the three-phase power grid is iteratively solved by utilizing an unbalanced power flow program;
and 4, step 4: calculating the effective apparent power of the traction substation j at the bus x according to the standard IEEE 1459-;
and 5: the limits of the voltage unbalances allowed to be injected into the public power grid by the traction substation j at the bus x are pre-evaluated according to the guideline IEC/TR 61000-3-13.
Step 6: calculating capacity S of full-line negative sequence compensation device when external power grid access scheme is f (w, u)c(w,u)；
And 7: taking the database of the external power grid access scheme f (w, u) established in the step 2 as an optimization variable, and according to the full-line compensation capacity parameter S obtained in the step 6c(w, u) establishing an objective function of the optimization model. According to the positive and negative sequence voltages of each bus calculated in the step 3, a constraint condition that the voltage unbalance degree of each bus is not more than 2% is constructed;
and 8: and (4) solving the optimization model obtained in the step (7), and recording an external power grid access scheme (comprising alternate combination w and traction transformer wiring form combination u) corresponding to the solution with the minimum full-line compensation capacity as an optimal scheme or a satisfactory scheme. And simultaneously obtaining the corresponding voltage unbalance limit values of the traction substations and the capacity of the optimal negative sequence compensation device, namely finishing the optimal design of the external power grid access scheme of the electrified railway.
Further, the load process data of the traction substation in the step 1 is obtained through simulation of professional software (such as ELBAS/WEBANET) according to the high-speed railway line, the train and the schedule. Grid data is provided by the grid company.
Further, in the external grid access scheme f (w, u) when the w-th group of round-trip conversion combination and the u-th group of traction transformer wiring form in step 2 are combined, a three-phase equivalent model of the traction substation is as follows:
Figure BDA0001953088740000021
in the formula (1), the first and second groups,
Figure BDA0001953088740000022
a voltage matrix for the alpha and beta supply arms;
Figure BDA0001953088740000023
a current matrix for the alpha and beta supply arms; zαβFor the equivalent impedance matrix of the traction transformer, V and C are voltage and current transformation matrices, which can be obtained from equation (2):
Figure BDA0001953088740000024
in the formula (2), KαAnd KβAlpha phase transformation ratio and beta phase transformation ratio of the traction transformer respectively, and K is obtained when the grid voltage of the power grid is 110kVα＝Kβ＝4；ψαAnd psiβThe phase angles of the alpha phase and the beta phase are respectively connected.
Further, the unified model of the three-phase power grid-traction power supply system in the step 3 is as follows:
Figure BDA0001953088740000031
in the formula (3), the first and second groups,
Figure BDA0001953088740000032
and
Figure BDA0001953088740000033
positive and negative sequence voltages of the load j at the bus x respectively;
Figure BDA0001953088740000034
and
Figure BDA0001953088740000035
positive and negative sequence voltages at the other bus i connected to bus x, respectively;
Figure BDA0001953088740000036
for the influence coefficient, according to IEC/TR 6100-3-13, it is defined as the magnitude of the negative sequence voltage caused on the bus x after transmission through the transmission line when a negative sequence voltage of 1 unit per unit is applied to the bus i;
Figure BDA0001953088740000037
is the positive sequence impedance of the transmission line;
Figure BDA0001953088740000038
is a positive sequence current flowing through the transmission line i;
Figure BDA0001953088740000039
and
Figure BDA00019530887400000310
the positive and negative sequence component representation forms of the three-phase equivalent model of the traction substation are respectively obtained by the formula (4):
Figure BDA00019530887400000311
in the formula (4), a is a twiddle factor, and a is ej120°。
Further, the effective apparent power calculation method in step 4 is as follows:
Figure BDA00019530887400000312
in the formula (5), SP:j(w, u) and SU:j(w, u) positive sequence apparent power and unbalanced apparent power generated by the traction power supply system respectively,
Figure BDA00019530887400000313
and
Figure BDA00019530887400000314
the positive sequence current and the negative sequence current generated by the traction power supply system respectively can be obtained by the formula (6):
Figure BDA00019530887400000315
further, the method for pre-evaluating the limit value of the voltage unbalance degree in the step 5 comprises:
Figure BDA00019530887400000316
delta in the formula (7) is a superposition index defined in IEC/TR 61000-3-13, and the default is 1.4 under the condition that the power grid environment is unclear; kuexThe transmission coefficient is defined in IEC/TR 61000-3-13, and the value of the transmission coefficient depends on the state of the transmission line, including the type of the tower, whether transposition connection is performed and other factors; sxAnd SiThe apparent power of the busbars x and i, respectively.
Further, the capacity S of the full-line negative sequence compensation device in the step 6cThe calculation method of (w, u) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001953088740000041
in the formula (8), Ssc:xIs the short circuit capacity of bus x.
Further, the objective function of the optimization model in step 7 is:
min J＝Sc(w,u) (9)
the constraint conditions are as follows:
Figure BDA0001953088740000042
in the formula (10), the first and second groups,
Figure BDA0001953088740000043
and
Figure BDA0001953088740000044
positive and negative sequence voltages at bus x, respectively.
Further, the optimization model in step 8 is solved by calling an optimization tool box in the MATLAB environment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention aims at minimizing the capacity of the full negative sequence compensation device, and emphasizes the consideration of the influence of the external power grid access scheme, so that the optimal design method can obtain a reasonable external power grid access scheme, and the problem caused by the insufficient subjective experience of designers is avoided; meanwhile, the compensation capacity of the negative sequence compensation device can be reduced, and the investment is saved.
(2) The invention establishes the same model of the three-phase power grid-traction power supply system by modeling the external power grid access scheme, and is convenient for solving and calculating by using a computer program.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an external grid access scheme of a traction power supply system
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 2, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention comprises the steps of:
step 1: acquiring load process data and power grid data of a traction substation;
by passingInputting parameters of a high-speed railway line, a train and a schedule by professional software (such as ELBAS/WEBANET), and simulating to obtain load process data of an alpha power supply arm and a beta power supply arm on a traction substation j, wherein the load process data comprises: voltage of alpha and beta supply arms
Figure BDA0001953088740000051
Electric current
Figure BDA0001953088740000052
Acquiring positive sequence voltage of a pre-access point x of a traction substation and other buses i connected with the pre-access point x according to power grid data provided by a power grid company
Figure BDA0001953088740000053
Obtaining the negative sequence voltage of a pre-access point x of a traction substation and other buses i connected with the pre-access point x
Figure BDA0001953088740000054
Figure BDA0001953088740000055
Positive sequence impedance of power transmission line
Figure BDA0001953088740000056
And apparent power S at pre-access point x of traction substation and other bus i connected with pre-access point xx、Si。
Step 2: according to different traction power supply systems, alternate phase combination w and traction transformer wiring form combination u are alternately combined, an external power grid access scheme f (w, u) database is constructed, and a corresponding three-phase equivalent model of a traction substation is established
Figure BDA0001953088740000057
Modeling an external power grid access scheme, and solving a three-phase port voltage value of the traction substation;
the three-phase equivalent model of the traction substation is obtained by a formula (1):
Figure BDA0001953088740000058
in the formula (1), the first and second groups,
Figure BDA0001953088740000059
a voltage matrix for the alpha and beta supply arms;
Figure BDA00019530887400000510
a current matrix for the alpha and beta supply arms; zαβFor the equivalent impedance matrix of the traction transformer, V and C are voltage and current transformation matrices, which can be obtained from equation (2):
Figure BDA00019530887400000511
in the formula (2), KαAnd KβAlpha phase transformation ratio and beta phase transformation ratio of the traction transformer respectively, and K is obtained when the grid voltage of the power grid is 110kVα＝Kβ＝4；ψαAnd psiβThe phase angles of the alpha phase and the beta phase are respectively connected. Different wiring forms and wiring phase angles of the traction transformer can generate different transformation arrays, and the values of the wiring phase angles are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 values of phase angles of the connections
Figure BDA00019530887400000512
Figure BDA0001953088740000061
And step 3: and (3) constructing a three-phase power grid-traction power supply system unified model based on the three-phase equivalent model of the traction substation established in the step (2) and in combination with power grid parameters, and iteratively solving the positive and negative sequence voltage distribution on each bus in the three-phase power grid by using an unbalanced power flow program.
The unified model of the three-phase power grid-traction power supply system is obtained by the formula (3):
Figure BDA0001953088740000062
in the formula (3), the first and second groups,
Figure BDA0001953088740000063
and
Figure BDA0001953088740000064
positive and negative sequence voltages of the load j at the bus x respectively; a
Figure BDA0001953088740000065
And
Figure BDA0001953088740000066
positive and negative sequence voltages at the other bus i connected to bus x, respectively;
Figure BDA0001953088740000067
for the influence coefficient, according to IEC/TR 6100-3-13, it is defined as the magnitude of the negative sequence voltage caused on the bus x after transmission through the transmission line when a negative sequence voltage of 1 unit per unit is applied to the bus i;
Figure BDA0001953088740000068
is the positive sequence impedance of the transmission line;
Figure BDA0001953088740000069
is a positive sequence current flowing through the transmission line i;
Figure BDA00019530887400000610
and
Figure BDA00019530887400000611
the positive and negative sequence component representation forms of the three-phase equivalent model of the traction substation are respectively obtained by the formula (4):
Figure BDA00019530887400000612
in the formula (4), a is a twiddle factor, and a is ej120°。
And 4, step 4: according to the standard IEEE 1459-.
Wherein, the apparent power S of the traction substation j connected to the bus xx:j(w, u) is obtained from equation (5):
Figure BDA00019530887400000613
in the formula (5), SP:j(w, u) and SU:j(w, u) positive sequence apparent power and unbalanced apparent power generated by the traction power supply system respectively,
Figure BDA00019530887400000614
and
Figure BDA00019530887400000615
the positive sequence current and the negative sequence current generated by the traction power supply system respectively can be obtained by the formula (6):
Figure BDA0001953088740000071
and 5: the limits of the voltage unbalances allowed to be injected into the public power grid by the traction substation j at the bus x are pre-evaluated according to the guideline IEC/TR 61000-3-13.
Wherein the voltage imbalance limit is derived from equation (7):
Figure BDA0001953088740000072
delta in the formula (7) is a superposition index defined in IEC/TR 61000-3-13, and the default is 1.4 under the condition that the power grid environment is unclear; kuexFor the propagation coefficient defined in IEC/TR 61000-3-13, the value of which depends on the inputThe state of the electric line comprises factors such as the type of the tower, whether transposition connection is performed and the like; sxAnd SiThe apparent power of the busbars x and i, respectively.
Step 6: calculating capacity S of full-line negative sequence compensation device when external power grid access scheme is f (w, u)c(w,u)。
And sequentially calculating the capacity of the negative sequence compensation device of each traction substation j, and summing to obtain the compensation capacity of all traction substations in the whole line.
Wherein, the capacity S of the whole line negative sequence compensation devicec(w, u) is obtained from equation (8):
Figure BDA0001953088740000073
in the formula (8), Ssc:xIs the short circuit capacity of bus x.
And 7: taking the external power grid access scheme database established in the step 2 as an optimization variable, and according to the full-line compensation capacity parameter S obtained in the step 6c(w, u) establishing an objective function of the optimization model. And (4) constructing a constraint condition that the voltage unbalance degree of each bus is not more than 2% according to the positive-negative sequence voltage of each bus calculated in the step (3).
Wherein the objective function expression is obtained from equation (9):
min J＝Sc(w,u) (9)
the constraint conditions are as follows:
Figure BDA0001953088740000074
in the formula (10), the first and second groups,
Figure BDA0001953088740000081
and
Figure BDA0001953088740000082
positive and negative sequence voltages at bus x, respectively.
And 8: and (3) calling an optimization tool box in an MATLAB environment to solve the optimization model in the step (7), and recording an external power grid access scheme (comprising alternate transformation phase combination w and traction transformer wiring form combination u) corresponding to the solution with the minimum line compensation capacity as an optimal scheme or a satisfactory scheme. And simultaneously obtaining the corresponding voltage unbalance limit values of the traction substations and the capacity of the optimal negative sequence compensation device, namely finishing the optimal design of the external power grid access scheme of the electrified railway.
Examples
The topology of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in figure 1. The comparison is carried out by three external power grid access schemes, and the combination u of the connection forms of the traction transformers of the traction substations is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 combination u of connection forms of traction transformer
Figure BDA0001953088740000083
The alternate phase combination w of each traction substation is shown in Table 3
TABLE 3 alternate phase combination w
Figure BDA0001953088740000084
The three-phase grid parameters are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 three-phase grid parameters
Figure BDA0001953088740000085
Through programmed calculation, the calculation results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 calculation results
Figure BDA0001953088740000091
Table 4 shows the calculation results of three external grid access schemes; as can be seen from table 4, by using the optimized design method of the external grid access scheme of the electrified railway to design,known external grid access scheme f (w)2,u2) The method is a global optimal scheme, the capacity of the full-line negative sequence compensation device is minimum, and meanwhile the maximum voltage unbalance degree at the position of a bus x meets the requirement of 2% of the national standard.
The invention realizes the optimization design of the scheme for accessing the external power grid of the electrified railway, and avoids the problems caused by the lack of subjective experience of designers; meanwhile, the compensation capacity of the negative sequence compensation device can be reduced, and the investment is saved.

Claims (4)

1. An optimal design method for an external power grid access scheme of an electrified railway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring load process data and power grid data of a traction substation;
step 2: according to different traction power supply systems, alternate phase combination w and traction transformer wiring form combination u are alternately combined, an external power grid access scheme f (w, u) database is constructed, and a corresponding three-phase equivalent model of a traction substation is established
Figure FDA0003459680950000011
Modeling an external power grid access scheme, and solving a three-phase port voltage value of the traction substation;
and step 3: based on the three-phase equivalent model of the traction substation established in the step 2, a three-phase power grid-traction power supply system unified model is established by combining power grid parameters, and positive and negative sequence voltage distribution on each bus in the three-phase power grid is iteratively solved by utilizing an unbalanced power flow program;
and 4, step 4: calculating the effective apparent power of the traction substation j at the bus x according to the standard IEEE 1459-;
and 5: pre-evaluating the limit value of the voltage unbalance degree allowed to be injected into the public power grid by a traction substation j at a bus x according to the guide rule IEC/TR 61000-3-13;
step 6: calculating the capacity S of the full-line compensation device when the external power grid access scheme is f (w, u)c(w,u)；
And 7: the number of the external power grid access schemes f (w, u) established in the step 2Using the database as an optimization variable according to the full-line compensation capacity parameter S obtained in the step 6c(w, u) establishing an objective function of the optimization model; according to the positive and negative sequence voltages of each bus calculated in the step 3, a constraint condition that the voltage unbalance degree of each bus is not more than 2% is constructed;
and 8: solving the optimization model obtained in the step 7, and recording an external power grid access scheme corresponding to the solution with the minimum line compensation capacity as an optimal scheme or a satisfactory scheme; and simultaneously obtaining the corresponding voltage unbalance limit values of the traction substations and the capacity of the optimal compensation device, namely finishing the optimal design of the external power grid access scheme of the electrified railway.
2. The method for optimally designing the external power grid access scheme of the electrified railway according to claim 1, wherein the unified model of the three-phase power grid-traction power supply system in the step 3 is as follows:
Figure FDA0003459680950000012
in the formula (3), the first and second groups,
Figure FDA0003459680950000013
and
Figure FDA0003459680950000014
positive and negative sequence voltages of the load j at the bus x respectively;
Figure FDA0003459680950000015
and
Figure FDA0003459680950000016
positive and negative sequence voltages at the other bus i connected to bus x, respectively;
Figure FDA0003459680950000017
for the influence factor, it is defined according to IEC/TR 6100-3-13 when 1 unit is applied to the bus iWhen the negative sequence voltage of the per unit value is transmitted by the power transmission line, the negative sequence voltage is caused on the bus x;
Figure FDA0003459680950000018
is the positive sequence impedance of the transmission line;
Figure FDA0003459680950000019
is a positive sequence current flowing through the transmission line i;
Figure FDA00034596809500000110
and
Figure FDA00034596809500000111
the positive and negative sequence component representation forms of the three-phase equivalent model of the traction substation are respectively obtained by the formula (4):
Figure FDA0003459680950000021
in the formula (4), a is a twiddle factor, and a is ej120°。
3. The method for optimally designing the external power grid access scheme of the electrified railway according to claim 1, wherein the capacity S of the full-line compensation device in the step 6cThe calculation method of (w, u) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003459680950000022
in the formula (8), Ssc:xIs the short circuit capacity of bus x; sU:j(w, u) generating an unbalanced apparent power for the traction power supply system; ex:j(w, u) is a limit to estimate the degree of voltage imbalance that the traction substation j is allowed to inject into the utility grid at the busbar x.
4. The method for optimally designing the external power grid access scheme of the electrified railway according to claim 1, wherein the objective function of the optimization model in the step 7 is as follows:
min J＝Sc(w,u) (9)
the constraint conditions are as follows:
Figure FDA0003459680950000023
in the formula (10), the first and second groups,
Figure FDA0003459680950000024
and
Figure FDA0003459680950000025
positive and negative sequence voltages at bus x, respectively.
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