CN109686220B - Experimental device for simulating dynamic change of charge level in descending process of blast furnace throat material - Google Patents
Experimental device for simulating dynamic change of charge level in descending process of blast furnace throat material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109686220B CN109686220B CN201910109726.1A CN201910109726A CN109686220B CN 109686220 B CN109686220 B CN 109686220B CN 201910109726 A CN201910109726 A CN 201910109726A CN 109686220 B CN109686220 B CN 109686220B
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device for simulating dynamic change of a charge level in a descending process of a blast furnace throat material, which comprises a furnace throat part, a furnace charge recovery part and an arc tray part; the furnace charge recovery part is arranged below the furnace throat part, the arc tray part is arranged in the furnace charge recovery part, and the arc tray part can ascend and descend to realize the adjustment of the edge flow velocity of materials. The invention can simulate the blanking process in the blast furnace smelting process in a cold state; meanwhile, the center and edge blanking unbalance of furnace burden passing through the furnace throat and the furnace body is simulated by the underlying arc-shaped arch device, and finally visualization of the material surface form in the furnace throat blanking dynamic process is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device for simulating dynamic change of a charge level in a furnace throat material descending process, which can reproduce a blast furnace material distribution process and a furnace burden descending process in an experiment. The shape and distribution of the burden can be measured under the conditions of different central flow velocities and edge flow velocities of the burden; the movement condition of the furnace charge and the change of the shape of the charge surface of the blast furnace in the batch period of material distribution are researched. Relates to the intersection and fusion of various disciplines such as metallurgy, computer science, mathematics, control science, motion control and the like.
Background
At present, in order to respond to the national call for energy conservation and emission reduction, medium and small-sized iron and steel enterprises gradually fade out of historical stages, and the number of large-sized blast furnaces is more and more. The diameter of the large-scale blast furnace is more than ten meters, the height of the large-scale blast furnace is more than thirty meters, solid granular furnace burden is loaded into the blast furnace from the upper furnace throat, and in the whole smelting process from reduction to liquid molten iron discharged from the bottom furnace hearth, the unbalance of center and edge blanking exists, so that the upper furnace throat presents different charge level forms. However, due to the complex environment of high temperature, high dust and strong tightness in the blast furnace and the lack of a suitable and effective charge level detection means and a charge level dynamic tracking device, the blast furnace operator is difficult to obtain the actual situation of the furnace burden reduction in the blast furnace, and can only test the furnace burden reduction before the furnace is started and stopped, and the motion process of the blast furnace burden is researched by combining the fluid mechanics principle and the particle motion model. With the improvement of the requirement for the operation of the blast furnace and the acceleration of the automation process, people need to more accurately master the motion law and related data of the descending process of the blast furnace burden.
However, due to the particularity and complexity of the internal environment of the blast furnace, actual measurement research is difficult to perform, so that many blast furnace researchers simulate the production process of the blast furnace as a research means by establishing a small experimental model; however, the unbalance of the center and edge blanking exists along with the special environment of high temperature and sealing in the blanking process of the blast furnace, and how to simulate the dynamic blanking process of the blast furnace in an experimental model is always an unsolved difficult point.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problem, the invention provides an experimental device for simulating the dynamic change of the charge level in the furnace throat material descending process, which can simulate the blanking process in the blast furnace smelting process in a cold state; meanwhile, the center and edge blanking unbalance of furnace burden passing through the furnace throat and the furnace body is simulated by the underlying arc-shaped arch device, and finally visualization of the material surface form in the furnace throat blanking dynamic process is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for simulating the dynamic change of the charge level in the descending process of blast furnace throat materials comprises a furnace throat part, a furnace charge recovery part and an arc tray part;
the furnace charge recovery part is arranged below the furnace throat part, the arc tray part is arranged in the furnace charge recovery part, and the arc tray part can ascend and descend to realize the adjustment of the edge flow velocity of materials.
Furthermore, the furnace throat part comprises a furnace throat furnace body main body, the material receiving square volumes of the furnace throat furnace body main body and the furnace charge recovery part are made of transparent materials, such as toughened glass, and scales are marked at the furnace throat part, so that the shape change of the material surface in the furnace charge descending process can be observed conveniently.
Further, the lower end of the furnace body of the furnace throat is provided with a large circular ring, and the bottom of the large circular ring is provided with a plurality of hole sites.
Furthermore, a bearing part for supporting the furnace throat part is arranged between the furnace throat part and the furnace charge recovery part, the upper part of the bearing part is a frame with an outer square and an inner circle, the lower part of the bearing part is a square frame, and the lower end of the square frame is provided with a plurality of supporting columns.
Furthermore, the arc tray part is a central symmetry device and comprises an arc arching device with a symmetrical structure and an electric lifting device for driving the arc arching device to lift and descend.
Furthermore, the center of the arc-shaped tray part is provided with a hole, the hole diameters are three, namely 2.5cm, 3.5cm and 5cm, and the hole diameters are used for simulating the central flow velocity of the furnace burden under different furnace conditions.
Further, the arc tray part comprises two arc arching devices with different specifications which are matched with the furnace throat and the furnace belly, and the dynamic descending processes of furnace materials at the furnace throat and the furnace body are respectively researched.
Further, the arc tray part selects metal material and puts into the reinforcing bar in inside, prevents to take place deformation.
Further, the furnace body angle of the furnace throat furnace body main body is 8 degrees, and the diameter of the furnace throat is 1 meter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the device of the invention comprehensively considers different blast furnace running states in the blast furnace material distribution process, can reproduce the falling process of different furnace materials under different furnace conditions, and can meet different experimental requirements. The operation requirement is simple and convenient, the experimental workload is small, the observation and measurement are convenient and quick, the practical condition of the blast furnace operation is met, and the problems in the background technology can be solved. The main function of the device is to reproduce the falling process of the blast furnace burden in the experiment, and the radial burden surface change of the blast furnace and the dynamic change of the burden layer thickness can be observed in real time under the given burden surface shape. And can measure the phenomena of falling speed, granularity segregation, radial coke distribution and the like of different furnace charges. The experimental device breaks through the limitation that the burden surface of the furnace throat in the actual blast furnace blanking process is ultrahigh and the burden surface of the closed blast furnace is not observable, designs a set of experimental device which can operate and observe the dynamic change of the burden surface in the material descending process on the basis of fluid mechanics, is an effective device for researching the burden surface distribution change of powder materials in the flowing process, is a main platform for detecting and researching the burden surface distribution of the powder materials, and is a main research object for researching the burden distribution detection and control of the blast furnace.
Meanwhile, the experimental device is obtained by scaling down an actual blast furnace in proportion, has high similarity with the actual blast furnace, and is combined with the environmental factors in the blast furnace to build a device with adjustable furnace burden descending speed at the edge and the center; the furnace throat and furnace body device and the square receiving volume are made of tempered glass marked with scales, so that the dynamic change of the top charge surface shape, the granularity segregation of furnace charge, the position of a stack angle and the distribution of ore-coke ratio can be clearly observed, and the measurement precision is high; the flexible electric lifting device and different specifications of the central caliber of the arc-shaped arch position can not only observe the shape change of the charge level at the furnace throat and the furnace body, but also simulate the descending speed of changeable furnace charge of a blast furnace and the descending process of other dust and granular objects; a large amount of experimental data of the dynamic change shape of the burden surface of the blast furnace in the batch period of the burden distribution and the furnace burden descending speed of different radial positions in the blast furnace can be obtained through experiments, a basic basis is provided for the verification of a descending model of the blast furnace and the establishment of a dynamic burden distribution model of the blast furnace, and the experimental device is very practical research equipment for controlling a laboratory to research the burden distribution rule of the blast furnace.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated in the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scale chart of the main body charge level at the furnace throat and the furnace body of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the arching device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the arcuate arching device of the present invention in its adjusted configuration;
description of reference numerals: 1. a small circular ring; 2. a furnace throat and furnace body main body; 3. a large circular ring; 4. an outer square and inner round frame; 5. a square frame; 6. a square column; 7. an arcuate arching device; 8. an electro-hydraulic lifting device; 9-square volume.
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1 to 4, the experimental device for simulating the dynamic change of the charge level in the furnace throat material descending process comprises a furnace throat furnace body part, a bearing platform part, an arc tray part and a furnace charge recovery part from top to bottom, wherein the upper part of the furnace throat furnace body part is a small circular ring 1, the middle part of the furnace throat furnace body part is a furnace throat main body 2, the lower part of the furnace throat furnace body part is a large circular ring 3, and the bottom of the large circular ring at the lower part is provided with eight uniform hole sites; the upper part of the bearing platform part is provided with an outer square inner circular frame 4, the top part of the bearing platform part is provided with eight uniform hole sites which are connected with a large circular ring 3 of the furnace throat and furnace body part together and are fastened and connected by bolts and nuts, and the bottom part of the bearing platform part is provided with 4 uniform hole sites; the lower part of the bearing platform part is a square frame 5, the upper part is provided with 4 uniform hole sites which are connected with the outer square and inner circle device 4 at the upper part of the bearing platform together and are fastened and connected by bolts, and the lower part of the square frame 5 is provided with 4 square columns 6 for supporting; the main body of the arc tray part is an arc arching device 7, a hole is arranged at the center, and an electric hydraulic lifting device 8 (which can be manual) is arranged below the hole and used for controlling the lifting and falling of the arc arching device 7; the furnace charge recovery part is a square volume 9, which is convenient for collecting experimental materials. After the furnace burden descending process is finished, the segregation condition of the furnace burden can be observed by the fact that the furnace burden is located at the position of the square volume 9.
In the embodiment, the main body 2 of the furnace throat and furnace body part is made of toughened glass, is transparent, and is marked with scales at the furnace throat, so that the shape change of the material surface in the furnace burden descending process can be observed conveniently. The arc-shaped arching device 7 is a centrosymmetric device, plays a role in balancing burden and ensures that furnace burden in the blast furnace does not generate artificial segregation; meanwhile, the aperture specifications of the inner holes are three, namely 2.5cm, 3.5cm and 5cm, and the three hole diameters are used for simulating the central flow velocity of the furnace burden under different furnace conditions. And possess the arc arching device of two different specifications that match furnace throat department and furnace belly department, study the dynamic decline process that is located furnace throat department, furnace shaft department furnace charge respectively, in order to undertake the weight of experimental materials, the arc arching device chooses for use the metal material and puts into the reinforcing bar in inside, prevents to take place deformation. When the arc-shaped arching device is positioned at the furnace body or the furnace belly, because of the scalability supported by the lower part of the arc-shaped arching device 7, the electric hydraulic lifting device 8 can control the lifting up and falling down of the arc-shaped arching device 7 to realize the regulation of the edge flow velocity, the operation is simple and convenient, and the regulation precision is high.
The furnace body part of the furnace throat is obtained by reducing the scale of an actual blast furnace, the furnace body angle is 8 degrees, and the diameter of the furnace throat is 1 meter; in the charging process, the central opening of the arc-shaped arching device 7 is closed, and the arc-shaped arching device is lifted into the bottom of a furnace throat or the bottom of a furnace body by using an electric hydraulic lifting device, so that charging materials are loaded. During the loading process, an operator stands on the bearing platform to load, and the shape of the loaded top charge level is obtained by the blow-in data of a blast furnace of a certain factory.
The upper part of the platform bearing part of the invention is an outer square and inner round frame 4, wherein the inner part is round, the inclination angle is 98 degrees, the platform bearing part can be matched with the lower part of the furnace body part of the furnace throat, the outer part is square, and enough allowance is left, thus being convenient for erecting camera equipment. The lower part is a square frame 5, four square columns below the square frame are all 6 made of high-hardness materials, and two adjacent square columns are connected and fixed through steel, so that deformation caused by stress is prevented.
An electric hydraulic lifting device 8 is arranged in an electric supporting column at the lower part of the arc-shaped tray part, when the flow velocity of the edge of the furnace burden needs to be increased, the electric hydraulic lifting device 8 is used for lowering the position of an arc-shaped arch device 7, so that the opening of the edge of the furnace burden is increased, and the flow velocity of the edge of the furnace burden is increased; when the flow velocity of the edge of the charging material needs to be reduced, the electric hydraulic lifting device 8 is used for reducing the position of the arc-shaped arch device 7, so that the opening of the edge of the charging material is reduced, and the flow velocity of the edge of the charging material is reduced.
The charge recovery part of the invention is a large square volume 9 marked with scales on the bottom and the height, and meanwhile, enough allowance is left on the basis of the square frame 5. The collection of experimental materials is facilitated, and the next experiment is facilitated; secondly, the particle size segregation, the pile angle generation position and the ore-coke ratio distribution of the furnace burden in the descending process of the dead zone can be observed.
When loading furnace burden, an operator can select the position of the arc-shaped arching device 7 according to the purpose of experiment; if only the charge level shape change of the furnace charge at the furnace throat is observed, a small arc-shaped arching device can be selected; if the grain size segregation and the ore-coke ratio distribution of the furnace burden at the furnace belly of the blast furnace body are observed, a large-scale arc-shaped arch device can be selected, wherein when the small-scale arc-shaped arch device is placed at the position, a stone platform needs to be added under the electric hydraulic lifting device 8 to enable the arc-shaped arch device 7 to be attached to the bottom of the road throat; after the arc-shaped arching device 7 is selected, the arc-shaped arching device 7 is placed at the bottom of the furnace throat or the bottom of the furnace body without a gap by using the electric hydraulic lifting device 8, and the caliber valve at the center of the arc-shaped arching device is manually closed. An operator stands on the stool to load furnace burden into the furnace throat and furnace body main body, and the shape of the top material level is manually adjusted according to the blast furnace blowing-in data and the furnace throat main body scales. After the throat shaft is loaded with the burden, the following experiment can be performed according to the purpose of the experiment.
Firstly, simulating the charge level shape change of the blast furnace in the batch period of material distribution
According to the current simulated blast furnace internal condition, calculating to obtain a center edge descending speed through a VOF mechanism model, manually selecting the center caliber of the arc device, and adjusting the height of the arc arching position by using an electric hydraulic lifting device to control the edge flow speed; and three camera devices are placed on the upper portion of the bearing platform, the interval between every two adjacent cameras is 120 degrees, and the shooting interval is set to sample the shape of the top material surface. The change of the top material level shape under a certain material flow speed can be observed, and due to the scales at the furnace throat, as shown in the second drawing, the sampling photos are convenient for computer arrangement and analysis, so that the specific shape of the top material level of the experiment platform is obtained.
Secondly, exploring the descending speed of the furnace burden with the top layer positioned at different circumferential positions
According to the actual blast furnace opening data, the shape change of the charge level and the specific position of the furnace burden after a material distribution intermission period can be known, the shape of the charge level at the top layer can be manually set in the same way as the steps, and the fitting with the shape of the charge level at the actual blast furnace material distribution intermission period is realized by adjusting different edge flow rates and central flow rates. Meanwhile, 6 fixed points are selected at the top layer of the furnace burden at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, the color of the furnace burden is dyed red, the vertical and horizontal speeds are obtained according to the movement condition of the furnace burden at the furnace throat, and therefore the descending speeds of the furnace burden at different circumferential positions are explored through experiments.
Thirdly, observing the grain size segregation and the pile tip position of the furnace charge
The electric hydraulic lifting device is used for placing the arc-shaped arching device at the bottom of the furnace body, furnace burden has a descending speed after passing through the edge of the arc-shaped arching device, then enters the dead zone and finally falls into the square volume. After the furnace burden descending process is finished, the segregation condition of the furnace burden and the position of the pile tip can be researched according to the position of the furnace burden in the square volume. Meanwhile, different types of furnace materials can be selected, and the influence of different descending speeds on the blast furnace radial ore-coke ratio can be observed and researched according to the steps.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus for simulation blast furnace throat material decline process charge level dynamic change which characterized in that: comprises a furnace throat part, a furnace charge recovery part and an arc tray part;
the furnace charge recovery part is arranged below the furnace throat part, the arc tray part is arranged in the furnace charge recovery part, and the arc tray part can be lifted and lowered to realize the adjustment of the edge flow velocity of the material;
the furnace throat part comprises a furnace throat furnace body main body, the furnace throat furnace body main body is made of transparent materials, and scales are marked at the furnace throat part, so that the shape change of a material surface in the descending process of furnace burden can be observed conveniently;
a hole is formed in the center of the arc-shaped tray part and used for simulating the central flow velocity of furnace burden under different furnace conditions;
the furnace body angle of the furnace throat furnace body main body is 8 degrees, and the diameter of the furnace throat is 1 meter.
2. The experimental device for simulating the dynamic change of the charge level in the descending process of the blast furnace throat material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the furnace throat furnace shaft main part lower extreme is provided with big ring, big ring bottom is equipped with a plurality of hole sites.
3. The experimental device for simulating the dynamic change of the charge level in the descending process of the blast furnace throat material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a bearing part for supporting the furnace throat part is arranged between the furnace throat part and the furnace charge recovery part, the upper part of the bearing part is a frame with an outer square and an inner circle, the lower part of the bearing part is a square frame, and the lower end of the square frame is provided with a plurality of support columns.
4. The experimental device for simulating the dynamic change of the charge level in the descending process of the blast furnace throat material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the arc tray part is a centrosymmetric device and comprises an arc arching device with a symmetric structure and an electric lifting device for driving the arc arching device to lift and descend.
5. The experimental device for simulating the dynamic change of the charge level in the descending process of the blast furnace throat material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the arc tray part comprises two arc-shaped arch devices with different specifications which are matched with the furnace throat and the furnace belly, and the dynamic descending processes of furnace materials at the furnace throat and the furnace body are respectively researched.
6. The experimental device for simulating the dynamic change of the charge level in the descending process of the blast furnace throat material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the arc tray part selects metal material and puts into the reinforcing bar in inside, prevents to take place deformation.
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| CN201910109726.1A CN109686220B (en) | 2019-02-11 | 2019-02-11 | Experimental device for simulating dynamic change of charge level in descending process of blast furnace throat material |
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| CN201910109726.1A CN109686220B (en) | 2019-02-11 | 2019-02-11 | Experimental device for simulating dynamic change of charge level in descending process of blast furnace throat material |
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| CN109686220B true CN109686220B (en) | 2021-04-13 |
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