CN109685066A - A kind of mine object detection and recognition method based on depth convolutional neural networks - Google Patents
A kind of mine object detection and recognition method based on depth convolutional neural networks Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to target detections and intelligent recognition field, disclose a kind of mine object detection and recognition method of depth convolutional neural networks.The method key step includes: the first step, makes target data set, constructs mode input using a frame of mine video image acquisition equipment capture underground coal mine target original image, accordingly production training verifying collection and test set;Second step, training objective detect network model, are verified using training and collect off-line training network model, until model accuracy rate with higher;Third step is detected using the Serial No. that trained target detection network model carries target in test set, and obtains the four-dimensional coordinate of the Serial No.;4th step intercepts the Serial No. region in picture, cutting operation, and is sequentially sent to be identified in LeNet-5 network, and the identity of mobile target is determined according to recognition result.This method can effectively improve the speed and precision of mine object detection and recognition.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to target detections and intelligent recognition field, relate in particular to a kind of based on depth convolutional neural networks
Mine object detection and recognition method.
Background technique
Intelligentized mining is the development trend of mine safety, high-efficiency intensifying production, and research underground operators, locomotive are set
The mobile target such as standby and robot is accurately detected to be identified with real-time tracking, to the exploitation of guarantee mine intelligent and safe and improves coal mine calamity
Evil intelligent early-warning is of great significance.The recognition methods of the Moving target detections such as existing mine personnel and underground locomotive mainly uses quiet
The Radio Frequency Identification Technology of state, but aforesaid way cannot achieve and the multidimensional information of target is detected and tracked and identified, and especially exist
It is difficult to realize that mine movable target is carried out real-time tracking and accurately identified in underground spray dust, low light environment.In recent years, for
The theoretical research of deep learning has caused many scholars at home and abroad to pay close attention to, and depth convolutional neural networks (DCNN) are considered a kind of
It is suitble to the important deep learning method of target detection and classification task, and there is accuracy of identification high, strong antijamming capability and can
Remote the features such as obtaining target image, the application in the fields such as intelligent monitoring, moving object detection and identification, vision guided navigation
As research hotspot.Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of existing mine target identification technology, the present invention proposes to roll up using based on depth
The mine object detection and recognition method of product neural network, realization are accurately detected and are tracked and identified to mine target.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of mine object detection and recognition method.It is mainly used for the class for solving to accurately identify mine target
Not, precise positioning target position in the picture, size, realize the detection of mine personnel, locomotive and robot movable target with
The vision guided navigation and positioning function of the coal petrography of identification and mine working face identification and environment scene.
The present invention is a kind of mine object detection and recognition method based on depth convolutional neural networks, including model training
Method, target position detection method and target category recognition methods.
The mine object detection and recognition method, implementation step include:
Step 1, the data set for making target sample, it is former using mine video image acquisition equipment capture underground coal mine target
One frame of beginning image or environment scene constructs mode input, makes the number of targets containing Serial No. and its location information accordingly
It is divided into training verifying collection and test set according to collection, and by the data set;
The network model that step 2, training objective detect is used for target using the training verifying collection off-line training in step 1
The network model of detection, until the model reaches the accuracy rate of Serial No. in detection target image;
Step 3 examines the target that Serial No. is carried in test set using trained target detection network model
It surveys, and obtains the four-dimensional coordinate (cx, cy, w, h) of the Serial No., wherein cx, cy respectively indicate candidate frame center in the picture
Transverse and longitudinal coordinate, w, h indicate candidate frame width and height;
Step 4, the Serial No. four-dimensional coordinate detected according to step 3 carry out the Serial No. region in image special
Sign is extracted and Character segmentation operation, then sequentially inputs in LeNet-5 network single character and identifies, and will identify that
Character arranged in sequence finally obtains the content information of the Serial No., determines the identity of target accordingly;
Step 2 further comprises following sub-step:
2.1 initialization: using the main net network layers portion of ImageNet pre-training model VGG16 netinit SSD network
Point, it uses zero-mean, variance to initialize the extension layer part of SSD network for 0.01 Gaussian Profile, sets confidence threshold and instruction
Practice threshold value;
It extracts 2.2 candidate regions: inputting mobile target training sample, using convolution kernel from Conv4_3, Conv7, Conv8_
2, a series of candidate frames are extracted on the characteristic pattern of six different scales of Conv9_2, Conv10_2 and Conv11_2;To the true of target
Real frame markup information is pre-processed, and is mapped that on corresponding candidate frame;It is chosen just according to the confidence threshold of setting
Negative sample is matched according to matching strategy with the true frame of target;
2.3 error calculations: calculate the true frame that the positive negative sample chosen is matched in step 2.2 position offset and
The error penalty values of classification confidence level;
2.4 right value updates: the weight of network model is updated using the deep learning back-propagation algorithm declined based on gradient;
2.5 iteration convergences: the entire mobile target training set of traversal repeats step 2.2~step 2.4, iteration is simultaneously counted
Error amount of the network model on target verification collection is calculated, until the error amount reaches trained threshold value;And
Step 3 further comprises following sub-step:
3.1 are input to a width image to be detected in the network model, automatically extract target image characteristics;
3.2 according to the target image characteristics extracted in step 3.1, choose Conv4_3, Conv7, Conv8_2, Conv9_2,
The characteristic pattern of six different scales of Conv10_2 and Conv11_2, from a series of prediction blocks for wherein extracting highest scoring;
3.3 setting target size threshold values and confidence threshold, by non-maxima suppression method, from the system in step 3.2
Column prediction block removes that Duplication is higher and the lower prediction block of confidence level, retains last target prediction frame;
Step 4 further comprises following sub-step:
4.1, which choose a sample from MNIST data set, inputs LeNet-5 network, rolls up to the feature vector of sample
Product calculating, nonlinear change, down-sampling and full connection calculate, and export a prediction result;
4.2, by stochastic gradient descent algorithm optimization object function, obtain the updated value of network parameter;
4.3 repeat step 4.1~step 4.2, and iteration updates the weight of network, loss function are minimized, until net
Until the error of network is reduced to preset trained threshold value;
4.4, according to the position coordinates in target detection frame, are cut using region to be identified of the openCV to target image
It takes, gray processing and binary conversion treatment, and carries out Character segmentation using the mode of pixel projection;
4.5 identify the target signature after segmentation, and the characteristic character that will identify that is merged into Serial No., to time
It selects target to be identified, exports the feature classification of test image;
4.6 finally retrieve from target identities identification database and confirm target identity information.
The mine object detection and recognition method, wherein the Serial No., refer to underground coal mine target carry can be only
The numeric identifier of one identification target identity information;The location information of the Serial No., digital sequence in feeling the pulse with the finger-tip mark original image
Arrange the four-dimensional coordinate information of region.
The mine object detecting and tracking recognition methods, wherein the mine video image acquisition equipment includes mining
Intrinsic safety type visual sensor, Mine-used I. S camera and Mine-used I. S video camera.
The mine object detecting and tracking recognition methods, for realizing to underground operators, locomotive equipment and movement
The coal petrography identification of object detection and recognition and mine working face of robot and the vision guided navigation of environment scene and positioning function
Energy.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The invention use depth convolutional neural networks method, to mine target image by network model training output and
The corresponding target signature classification of self-position generates the region candidate frame of different scale on multilayer feature figure, avoids selection
A large amount of calculating of property searching method;By expanding local receptor field and reducing the method for convolution filter size, obtain more aobvious
The Analysis On Multi-scale Features for writing distinction and expressiveness, effectively increase the accuracy rate of target detection, to realize different to mine big
Accurate, the quick detection and identification of Small object.The present invention is to guarantee personnel in the pit's hedging, collision prevention of vehicle and intelligent and safe exploitation tool
It is significant.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the mine object detection and recognition flow diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the network architecture figure according to the embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the network model training flow chart according to the embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 4 is the mine target position overhaul flow chart according to the embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 5 is according to the embodiment of the present invention to mine target category identification process figure
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawing to tool of the invention
Body embodiment is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is mine object detection and recognition method overall procedure block diagram.Realization process are as follows: adopted using mine video image
Collection equipment captures a frame of underground coal mine target original image or environment scene to construct mode input, and production contains number accordingly
The target data set of sequence and its location information, and the data set is divided into training verifying collection and test set;It is verified using training
Collect off-line training be used for target detection network model, until the model reach detection target image in Serial No. it is accurate
Rate;The target for carrying Serial No. in test set is detected using trained target detection network model, and is somebody's turn to do
The four-dimensional coordinate (cx, cy, w, h) of Serial No., wherein cx, cy respectively indicate the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of candidate frame center in the picture,
The width and height of w, h expression candidate frame;According to the Serial No. four-dimensional coordinate detected, the Serial No. region in image is carried out
Feature extraction and Character segmentation operation, then single character is sequentially input in LeNet-5 network and is identified, and will identify that
Character arranged in sequence, finally obtain the content information of the Serial No., determine the identity of target accordingly.
The network architecture figure of Fig. 2 to realize the present invention.Main net network layers are using VGG16 network as basic network knot
Structure is mainly used for convolution feature extraction, extracts picture feature;Extension layer is then the convolutional layer that some bulks are gradually reduced,
It is mainly used for multilayer feature fusion, extracts the candidate frame under different scale.Choose Conv4_3, Conv7, Conv8_2, Conv9_
2, six different scale characteristic patterns such as Conv10_2 and Conv11_2, generate a series of candidate frames on each of which characteristic face,
Then candidate frame is matched with the true callout box of target according to matching strategy again, is handled finally by NMS strategy each
Redundancy frame near true frame, filters extra non-textual information, to obtain final testing result.
Fig. 3 is the network model training flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention.Include the following steps:
Step 1. initialization: using the main net network layers of ImageNet pre-training model VGG16 netinit SSD network
Part, use equal value zero, variance for 0.01 Gaussian Profile initialize SSD network extension layer part, setting confidence threshold and
Training threshold value;
Extract step 2. candidate region: inputting mobile target training sample, using convolution kernel from Conv4_3, Conv7,
A series of candidate frames are extracted on the characteristic pattern of six different scales of Conv8_2, Conv9_2, Conv10_2 and Conv11_2;To mesh
The true frame markup information of target is pre-processed, and is mapped that on corresponding candidate frame;According to the confidence threshold of setting come
Positive negative sample is chosen, is matched according to matching strategy with the true frame of target;
Step 3. error calculation: the position offset of candidate frame and the error damage of classification confidence level are calculated using loss function
Mistake value;
DefinitionIt is matched for i-th of candidate frame of mine target with j-th of true frame of p classification, if matching
It is successful then be 1, be otherwise 0, according to above-mentioned matching strategy, centainly have
Objective function is made of the Classification Loss of candidate frame and positioning loss, and total loss function may be expressed as:
In formula, x is the three-dimensional matrice of digital picture, and c is the confidence level of sample, and l is candidate frame, and g is true frame;N be with
The candidate frame number that true frame matches;λ is regular terms weight;LconfFor category task loss function, the classification of candidate frame is indicated
Error;LlosFor position offset loss function, the position deviation of candidate frame and true frame is indicated.
The category task loss function L of targetconfIt is defined as follows:
In formula,J-th true frame matching of i-th of candidate frame to classification as p is represented,For in i-th of candidate frame
The confidence level of classification p,For the confidence level of the background classes in i-th of target candidate frame.
The position offset loss function L of target candidate framelosIt indicates are as follows:
In formula, (cx, cy) is the centre coordinate of compensated candidate frame, and (w, h) is the width and height of candidate frame,Expression pair
The correction amount of candidate frame position,Indicate position offset of the true frame relative to candidate frame.
Step 4. right value update: SSD network model is updated using the deep learning back-propagation algorithm declined based on gradient
Weight;
Step 5. iteration convergence: traversing entire target training set, repeats step 2~step 4, and iteration simultaneously calculates SSD
Error amount of the model on mobile target verification collection, until the error amount reaches minimum.
Fig. 4 is mine target position overhaul flow chart.Include the following steps:
One test set picture is input in network model by step 1., automatically extracts Target Photo feature;
Step 2. chooses Conv4_3, Conv7, Conv8_2, Conv9_ according to the Target Photo feature extracted in step 1
2, the characteristic pattern of six different scales such as Conv10_2 and Conv11_2, from a series of predictions for wherein extracting highest scoring
Frame;
Step 3. sets target size threshold value and confidence threshold, by non-maxima suppression (NMS) method, from step 3.2
In a series of removal of prediction blocks Duplication is higher and the lower prediction block of confidence level, retain last target prediction frame.
Fig. 5 is mine target category identification process figure.Include the following steps:
Step 1. intercepts new picture using openCV according to the position coordinates in target detection frame, to the area of interception
Domain carries out gray processing and binary conversion treatment, and carries out Character segmentation using the mode of pixel projection;
Step 2. identifies the target signature after segmentation, and the characteristic character that will identify that is merged into Serial No.,
Candidate target is identified, the feature classification of test image is exported;
Target identity information is finally retrieved from target identities identification database and confirmed to step 3..
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that recognition methods involved by the present invention and above-described embodiment, remove conduct
The positioning of mine target is applied to outside underground coal mine environment, by being also applied for the non-coal mines such as nonmetallic and metal after being suitably modified
Mobile monitoring, tracking and positioning and the mobile operating equipment of downhole intelligent working face track and identify, be accurately positioned and can
Vision guided navigation and positioning function depending on changing the coal petrography identification and environment scene of monitoring and mine working face.In this way the present invention not
Non-coal mine, intelligent work face mobile monitor and internet of things equipment in addition to underground coal mine Moving objects location is limited precisely to know
Not with positioning etc. fields of communication technology.
The above content is the further descriptions for combining specific preferred embodiment mode to be the present invention, cannot recognize
Determine a specific embodiment of the invention and be only limitted to this, for those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, not
Under the premise of being detached from mentality of designing of the present invention, several simple replacements and change can be also carried out, all shall be regarded as belonging to the present invention
Protection scope involved in the claims submitted.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of mine object detection and recognition method based on depth convolutional neural networks, it is characterised in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1, the data set for making target sample capture underground coal mine target original graph using mine video image acquisition equipment
As or a frame of environment scene construct mode input, make the target data containing Serial No. and its location information accordingly
Collection, and the data set is divided into training verifying collection and test set;
The network model that step 2, training objective detect is used for target detection using the training verifying collection off-line training in step 1
Network model, until the model reach detection target image in Serial No. accuracy rate;
Step 3 detects the target that Serial No. is carried in test set using trained target detection network model, and
Obtain the four-dimensional coordinate (cx, cy, w, h) of the Serial No., wherein cx, cy respectively indicate the cross of candidate frame center in the picture
Ordinate, w, h indicate the width and height of candidate frame;
Step 4, the Serial No. four-dimensional coordinate detected according to step 3 carry out feature to the Serial No. region in image and mention
It takes and is operated with Character segmentation, the character that then single character is sequentially input in LeNet-5 network and is identified, and will identify that
Arranged in sequence finally obtains the content information of the Serial No., determines the identity of mobile target accordingly;
It is further characterized in that step 2 further comprises following sub-step:
2.1 initialization: it using the main net network layers part of ImageNet pre-training model VGG16 netinit SSD network, adopts
The extension layer part of SSD network, setting confidence threshold and training threshold are initialized with zero-mean, the Gaussian Profile that variance is 0.01
Value;
Extract 2.2 candidate regions: inputting mobile target training sample, using convolution kernel from Conv4_3, Conv7, Conv8_2,
A series of candidate frames are extracted on the characteristic pattern of six different scales of Conv9_2, Conv10_2 and Conv11_2;To the true of target
Frame markup information is pre-processed, and is mapped that on corresponding candidate frame, is chosen according to the confidence threshold of setting positive and negative
Sample is matched according to matching strategy with the true frame of target;
2.3 error calculations: calculating the position offset of candidate frame and the error penalty values of classification confidence level using loss function, public
Formula is
In formula, x is the three-dimensional matrice of digital picture, and c is the confidence level of sample, and l is candidate frame, and g is true frame;N be with it is true
The candidate frame number that frame matches;λ is regular terms weight;LconfFor category task loss function, the error in classification of candidate frame is indicated;
LlosFor position offset loss function, the position deviation of candidate frame and true frame is indicated;
2.4 right value updates: the weight of network model is updated using the deep learning back-propagation algorithm declined based on gradient;
2.5 iteration convergences: the entire mobile target training set of traversal repeats step 2.2~step 2.4, iteration simultaneously calculates net
Error amount of the network model on target verification collection, until the error amount reaches trained threshold value;And
Step 3 further comprises following sub-step:
3.1 are input to a width image to be detected in the network model, automatically extract target image characteristics;
3.2 according to the target image characteristics extracted in step 3.1, choose Conv4_3, Conv7, Conv8_2, Conv9_2,
The characteristic pattern of six different scales of Conv10_2 and Conv11_2, from a series of prediction blocks for wherein extracting highest scoring;
3.3 setting target size threshold values and confidence threshold, by non-maxima suppression method, from a series of pre- in step 3.2
Surveying frame removal, Duplication is higher and the lower prediction block of confidence level, retains last target prediction frame;
It is further characterized in that step 4 further comprises following sub-step:
4.1, which choose a sample from MNIST data set, inputs LeNet-5 network, carries out convolution meter to the feature vector of sample
Calculation, nonlinear change, down-sampling and full connection calculate, and export a prediction result;
4.2, by stochastic gradient descent algorithm optimization object function, obtain the updated value of network parameter;
4.3 repeat step 4.1~step 4.2, and iteration updates the weight of network, loss function are minimized, until network
Until error is reduced to preset trained threshold value;
4.4 according to the position coordinates in target detection frame, are intercepted using to be identified region of the openCV to target image, ash
Degreeization and binary conversion treatment, and Character segmentation is carried out using the mode of pixel projection;
4.5 identify the target signature after segmentation, and the characteristic character that will identify that is merged into Serial No., to candidate mesh
Mark is identified, the feature classification of test image is exported;
4.6 finally retrieve from target identities identification database and confirm target identity information.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the Serial No., refers to the energy that underground coal mine target carries
The numeric identifier of unique identification target identity information;The location information of the Serial No., number in feeling the pulse with the finger-tip mark original image
The four-dimensional coordinate information of sequence region.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the mine video image acquisition equipment includes mine intrinsic safety
Type visual sensor, Mine-used I. S camera and Mine-used I. S video camera.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein for realizing to underground operators, locomotive equipment and shifting
The coal petrography identification of object detection and recognition and mine working face of mobile robot and the vision guided navigation of environment scene and positioning function
Energy.
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