CN109683063A - A kind of single-phase grounded malfunction in grounded system of low current direction detection method using zero-sequence current and voltage derivative linearity relationship - Google Patents
A kind of single-phase grounded malfunction in grounded system of low current direction detection method using zero-sequence current and voltage derivative linearity relationship Download PDFInfo
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- CN109683063A CN109683063A CN201910133461.9A CN201910133461A CN109683063A CN 109683063 A CN109683063 A CN 109683063A CN 201910133461 A CN201910133461 A CN 201910133461A CN 109683063 A CN109683063 A CN 109683063A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
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Abstract
A kind of small current neutral grounding system earthing fault direction detection method using linearity relationship between route zero-sequence current and voltage derivative, belongs to power distribution network relay protection field.When the present invention analyzes the earth-free generation singlephase earth fault with compensated distribution network, the linearity relationship of the voltage in fault point upstream and downstream, electric current proposes a kind of zero-sequence current using at test point and the method that linearity relationship carries out fault direction detection between voltage derivative.Acquire residual voltage, the zero-sequence current at each test point, then linear fit is carried out with corresponding residual voltage difference value sequence to zero-sequence current sampled value sequence, judge that the goodness of fit is greater than threshold value and test point of the fitting function slope greater than zero is located at trouble point downstream, is otherwise located at fault point upstream.The present invention can be applicable in the low-resistance of small current neutral grounding system, high resistance earthing fault simultaneously, improve the adaptability of fault direction detection algorithm, there is extensive practical application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention proposes a kind of small current neutral grounding system using linearity relationship between zero-sequence current and residual voltage derivative
System single-phase earthing fault direction detection method, for isolated neutral system and the low of resonant earthed system, the equal energy of high resistance earthing fault
Reliable detection.
Background technique
China's medium voltage distribution network mostly uses small current neutral grounding mode, including isolated neutral and neutral point through arc suppression coil
It is grounded (resonance grounding).Due to fault current is faint, electric arc is unstable etc., singlephase earth fault, which reliably detects, to be compared always
It is difficult.In current existing earthing fault direction detection method, based on the detection method of steady state information due to needing using failure
The signal of long period afterwards, detection speed is lower, and the effect is unsatisfactory；And high frequency (hundreds of hertz to number based on ground fault
KHz) direction detection method of transient state electrical quantity needs to filter out power frequency component when detecting, and it be easy to cause information to omit, especially
When being high resistance ground, due to fault transient signals frequency close to power frequency and amplitude it is small, the direction based on high frequency transient electrical quantity
Detection method cannot be applicable in；In addition " a kind of small current neutral grounding system based on transient current projection components amplitude com parison is high for patent
Resistance Earth design method " proposes a kind of direction detection method based on transient current projection components amplitude com parison, the party
Method route selection accuracy with higher for the high resistance earthing fault of resonant earthed system, but it is not particularly suited for low-impedance earthed system event
Barrier.
It can be seen that most methods can not adapt to different fault conditions simultaneously, need according to system earth mode and fault type
Different algorithms is selected, the complexity of algorithm is increased.In addition, for the side of the decaying transient state component using failure electrical quantity
Method can not be used to position, therefore regarded in practical applications because power frequency component is identical as the rule in downstream in fault point upstream
It for interference volume, to be often filtered out, power frequency component is generally filtered out using digital filter in device, not only increases calculation amount,
And when transient signal frequency and power frequency are closer to, filtration result will be unobvious.In fact, the power frequency of failure electrical quantity point
Also include fault message abundant in amount, if can be used, can effectively improve the reliability of route selection.
Linearity relationship of this patent by zero-sequence current and residual voltage derivative at analysis circuit test point, comprehensive event
The transient state component and power frequency component for hindering electrical quantity delineate zero-sequence current-voltage derivative curve, utilize zero at each test point
The difference of sequence current-voltage derivative curve property reflects the difference of the linearity, proposes and a kind of utilizes zero-sequence current and voltage
The single-phase grounded malfunction in grounded system of low current direction detection method of linearity relationship between derivative.
Summary of the invention
It can be simultaneously suitable for different small current neutral grounding systems the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing one kind
Low, high resistance earthing fault angle detecting algorithm, it is therefore intended that the angle detecting algorithm adaptability of small current neutral grounding system is improved,
After the failure occurred, it can quickly determine fault direction, further instruct respective circuit breakers, switch operation excision faulty line.
Technical solution of the invention are as follows:
A. using the variation of bus residual voltage as fault initiating condition, the zero sequence electricity at each test point of faulty line is recorded
Flow i0, residual voltage u0；
B. the residual voltage change rate Δ u at test point is calculated0/Δt；
C. the zero-sequence current at test point is fitted with residual voltage change rate sequence curve；
D. fault direction is judged using fitting parameter；
According to above-mentioned small current neutral grounding system earthing fault direction detection method, it is characterised in that:
E. least square linear fit is carried out to sample sequence, determines function f (x)=bx+c, is calculated using following formula
Coefficient b and c:
Wherein (sampling sequence length m):
F. goodness of fit R is utilized2To describe the fitting degree height of linear fit, the goodness of fit calculating side of each test point
Method is as follows:
In formula:
xk=Δ u0(k)/Δt；For the zero-sequence current mean value at each test point.
G. the threshold value λ for setting a goodness of fit judges the goodness of fit R at each test point2And fitting function slope,
If goodness of fit R2> λ, and fitting function slope is greater than zero, then determines that fault ground point in test point upstream, otherwise determines failure
Grounding point is in test point downstream.
In above scheme:
The setting principle of threshold value λ should set according to the empirical data at scene, λ is set as 0.5 under general condition.
In step d, when low-impedance earthed system failure occurs for resonant earthed system, zero-sequence current and residual voltage at test point become
The determination process of rate sequence curve feature is as follows:
Because the frequency of oscillation of failure current temporary state component (transient current) is higher, arc suppression coil equivalent impedance is much larger than parallel connection
Distribution capacity capacitive reactance over the ground, influence of the arc suppression coil to fault transient can be ignored.
The expression formula of the full electrical quantity of zero-sequence current (total current) at earth fault detected downstream point is as follows:
Wherein:
i0_d_pFor zero-sequence current power frequency component, i0_d_tFor zero-sequence current transient state component, u0pFor residual voltage power frequency component,
u0tFor residual voltage transient state component, C0dFor test point downstream line zero sequence capacitor over the ground.
Its and proportionality coefficient directly proportional to residual voltage full electrical quantity (full voltage) derivative is positive.If drawing its zero sequence electricity
Stream-voltage derivative curve, will be the straight line that is positive of slope for crossing origin, and slope is equal to test point downstream line over the ground
Net zero sequence capacity valve.
Circuital expression formula at earth fault upstream detection point are as follows:
Wherein:
ν is the detuning degree of arc suppression coil overcompensation, and C is system zero sequence capacitor over the ground, C0uFor all routes in test point upstream
Zero sequence capacitor over the ground.
As it can be seen that transient voltage derivative is different from the coefficient magnitude before power-frequency voltage derivative, polarity is on the contrary, system can not be merged into
The form of one zero sequence full voltage derivative., frequency big in view of transient amplitude after failure is high but decaying is fast, and transient voltage derivative
Replace variation with power-frequency voltage derivative, transient and power frequency quantity will play a leading role respectively in different time sections, therefore total current
It can change always with the ratio of full voltage derivative, impermanent is definite value.
In step d, when high resistance earthing fault occurs for resonant earthed system, zero-sequence current and residual voltage at test point become
The determination process of rate sequence curve feature is as follows:
Under high resistance earthing fault, the frequency of oscillation of transient current cannot ignore arc suppression coil pair near power frequency again at this time
The influence of transient process.
It is identical when the relationship of zero sequence total current and zero sequence full voltage at earth fault detected downstream point is with low-resistance, therefore
Its identical linearity relationship when having with low-impedance earthed system failure.
Total current expression formula at earth fault upstream detection point are as follows:
Wherein:
ωfFor transient state main resonatnt frequency, I0_Lp_tFor the peak value of sinusoidal component in transient current, ImFor power current amplitude,
γ is the failure initial phase angle of sinusoidal component, and φ is the failure initial phase angle of faulted phase voltage.
Its power frequency component is directly proportional to the derivative of zero sequence power-frequency voltage, but the derivative of its transient state component and zero sequence transient voltage
It is not linear, therefore it is unable to get the analytical expression of zero sequence total current Yu zero sequence full voltage derivative, that is, therebetween
There is no linear relationships.
In step d, when singlephase earth fault occurs for isolated neutral system, zero-sequence current and residual voltage at test point change
The determination process of rate sequence curve feature is as follows:
Meet following relationship between zero-sequence current and residual voltage derivative at earth fault upstream and detected downstream point
(C is system zero sequence capacitor over the ground):
As it can be seen that zero-sequence current and residual voltage derivative pass in direct ratio at earth fault upstream and detected downstream point
System, and the proportionality coefficient of detected downstream point is positive, the proportionality coefficient of upstream detection point is negative.If using the derivative of residual voltage as
Abscissa, the zero-sequence current at each test point draw the zero-sequence current-voltage derivative curve of each test point as ordinate,
The straight line that will be a slope and be positive of detected downstream point, the straight line that will be a slope and be negative of upstream detection point.
In step g, the zero-sequence current and residual voltage change rate sequence curve spy at test point are described using fitting parameter
The process for levying, determining position of failure point is as follows:
Under different neutral grounding modes and fault condition, zero-sequence current-electricity of earth fault detected downstream point
Pressure derivative curve is always the straight line that a slope is positive, and the curve of upstream detection point is then irregular curve or slope is
Negative straight line has notable difference with detected downstream point.If carrying out least square linear fit to corresponding sampled data points, can use
Fitting parameter describes above-mentioned rule are as follows: is positive and fitting degree using the straight slope that the sampled data of detected downstream point is fitted
Height, and it is lower or slope is negative using the straight line fitting degree that the sampled data of upstream detection point is fitted.Therefore, it can use this
One feature come be directed to the low-resistance of different earthed systems, high resistance earthing fault formulates unified angle detecting standard, thus realize mention
The purpose of high angle detecting algorithm adaptability.
Compared with prior art the invention has the benefit that
In current existing earthing fault direction detection method, based on the detection method of steady state information due to needing using event
The signal of long period after barrier, detection speed is lower, and the effect is unsatisfactory, and not for the route selection reliability of resonant earthed system
It is high；The direction detection method of high frequency (hundreds of hertz to few kilohertz) transient state electrical quantity based on ground fault is compared with the former pair
There is higher applicability in resonant earthed system, but it needs to filter out power frequency component when detecting, and information is be easy to cause to omit, it is special
When being not high resistance ground, due to fault transient signals frequency close to power frequency and amplitude it is small, the side based on high frequency transient electrical quantity
It cannot be applicable in detection method；In addition patent " a kind of small current neutral grounding system based on transient current projection components amplitude com parison
High resistance earthing fault localization method " proposes a kind of direction detection method based on transient current projection components amplitude com parison, should
Method route selection accuracy with higher for the high resistance earthing fault of resonant earthed system, but it is not particularly suited for low-impedance earthed system event
Barrier.
It is compared to the above, it is determined using the linearity relationship of zero-sequence current and residual voltage derivative at test point
The method applicability of fault section is stronger, still can be with when fault ground resistance is higher, transient state component frequency of failure is lower
It is applicable in, can solve the problems, such as the low-resistance of different small current neutral grounding systems, the angle detecting of high resistance earthing fault simultaneously, there is it solely
Special advantage.The algorithm that only computer need to be converted by the mentioned variant projects of location of the present invention is embedded into feeder line zero-sequenceprotection
Realize that there is very high engineering application value.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Attached drawing 1 is fault direction detection flow diagram；
Attached drawing 2 is failure line selection flow diagram；
Attached drawing 3 is typical resonance earthed system simulation model；
Attached drawing 4 is typical isolated neutral system simulation model；
Attached drawing 5 is the current-voltage derivative simulation curve at resonant earthed system faulty line difference test point；
Attached drawing 6 is the current-voltage derivative simulation curve at isolated neutral system faulty line difference test point；
Attached drawing 7 is the current-voltage derivative simulation curve of resonant earthed system difference outlet；
Attached drawing 8 is the current-voltage derivative simulation curve of isolated neutral system difference outlet；
Attached drawing 9 be on-the-spot record to resonant earthed system singlephase earth fault when difference outlet current-voltage lead
Number simulation curve；
Specific embodiment
Line fault of electrical power system angle detecting guard method of the invention, can apply in different small current neutral grounding systems
In system, accomplished in many ways can be used, the protection equipment with single-minded function is can be, can also be shared with other functions soft or hard
Part platform.
It is described separately as below:
1, utilize protection equipment protection method
I, utilization does not need other routes or detection present invention determine that fault direction only needs test point voltage and current signal
The fault message of point has the characteristics that from tool.The specific implementation steps are as follows:
A. using the variation of bus residual voltage as fault initiating condition, the zero-sequence current i at each test point is recorded0, zero
Sequence voltage u0；
B. the residual voltage change rate Δ u at test point is calculated0/Δt；
C. to the zero-sequence current and residual voltage change rate sequence curve progress least square linear fit at test point, really
Determine function f (x)=bx+c, utilize following formula design factor b and c:
Wherein (sampling sequence length m):
D. goodness of fit R is utilized2The fitting degree of linear fit described, the goodness of fit calculation method of each test point is such as
Under:
In formula:
xk=Δ u0(k)/Δt；For the zero-sequence current mean value at each test point.
E. the threshold value λ for setting a goodness of fit judges the goodness of fit R at each test point2And fitting function slope,
If goodness of fit R2> λ, and fitting function slope is greater than zero, then determines that fault ground point in test point upstream, otherwise determines failure
Grounding point is in test point downstream.
For high current ground fault, if failure is located at by protection section, trip command isolation event should be exported immediately
Hinder route.
And for small current grounding fault, if it is determined that being detected route is faulty line, can export immediately tripping and refer to
Enable isolated fault route, can also first alert, and a period of time is continued to run according to regulation regulation, when suitable
Machine issues trip command by manual intervention again.
II, the joint line model based on resonant earthed system shown in attached drawing 3 are arranged on route 4 away from generation at bus 5km
The singlephase earth fault of 2000 Ω verifies the validity of above-mentioned algorithm.
A. using the variation of bus residual voltage as fault initiating condition, the zero-sequence current i at each test point is recorded0, zero
Sequence voltage u0；
B. curve shown in attached drawing 5 is fitted, determines least square linear fit function；
C. the goodness of fit calculated at each test point is as follows:
D. taking threshold value λ is 0.5, and the goodness of fit at more each test point selects the area between Q2, Q3 in attached drawing 3
Duan Erwei fault section.
III, the overhead transmission line model based on isolated neutral system shown in attached drawing 4 are arranged on route 2 and send out at bus 6km
Raw singlephase earth fault, verifies the validity of above-mentioned algorithm.
A. using the variation of bus residual voltage as fault initiating condition, the zero-sequence current i at each test point is recorded0, zero
Sequence voltage u0；
B. curve shown in attached drawing 6 is fitted, determines least square linear fit function；
C. it calculates the goodness of fit at each test point and fitting function slope is as follows:
D. the goodness of fit at more each test point and fitting a straight line slope select the section between Q2, Q3 in attached drawing 4
Two be fault section.
2, line single phase grounding failure selection method
I, a kind of small current neutral grounding system using linearity relationship between route zero-sequence current and bus residual voltage derivative
System fault line selection method for single-phase-to-ground fault, the specific working principle is as follows:
1) working-flow when operating normally
Line selection apparatus is responsible for monitoring bus residual voltage and each feeder line outlet zero sequence current signal, to prison when normal work
Survey signal to be sampled, and the sampled value of bus residual voltage and device started into threshold value and are compared, judge be in route
No faulty generation；
2) working-flow when failure
When singlephase earth fault occurring in route, line selection apparatus starts according to bus residual voltage, works as bus residual voltage
When value reaches device starting threshold value, starter, and record the zero-sequence current letter of bus residual voltage, each feeder line exit
Number, the fault datas such as trouble duration, time of failure, failure line selection is carried out according to recorded data:
A. bus residual voltage change rate is calculated；
B. it is quasi- least square linear to be carried out to the zero-sequence current of each outlet and bus residual voltage change rate sequence curve
It closes, determines least square linear fit function；
C. the goodness of fit of each route is calculated；
D. the threshold value λ for setting a goodness of fit judges the goodness of fit R of every route2And fitting function slope, if line
The goodness of fit R on road2> λ, and its fitting function slope is greater than zero, then determines that the route for sound circuit, otherwise determines the route
For faulty line.If the goodness of fit of all routes is all greater than λ and fitting function slope is greater than zero, it is determined as busbar grounding
Failure.
II, the joint line model based on resonant earthed system shown in attached drawing 3 are arranged on route 4 away from generation at bus 5km
The singlephase earth fault of 2000 Ω verifies the validity of above-mentioned algorithm.
A. when bus residual voltage amplitude surmounts preset threshold, starter records the bus zero in the fault transient time
The zero-sequence current of sequence voltage and each feeder line exit；
B. curve shown in attached drawing 7 is fitted, determines least square linear fit function；
C. the goodness of fit for calculating each route is as follows:
D. taking threshold value is 0.5, and the goodness of fit between more each route selects route 4 of the goodness of fit less than 0.5 for event
Hinder route.
III, the overhead transmission line model based on isolated neutral system shown in attached drawing 4 are arranged on route 2 and send out at bus 6km
Raw singlephase earth fault, verifies the validity of above-mentioned algorithm.
A. when bus residual voltage amplitude surmounts preset threshold, starter records bus residual voltage u0, the feedback of each item
The zero-sequence current i in line exit0；
B. curve shown in attached drawing 8 is fitted, determines least square linear fit function；
C. the fitting function slope and goodness of fit R of each route are calculated2It is as follows:
D. the goodness of fit between more each route and fitting a straight line slope, the route 2 for selecting fitting function slope to be negative for
Faulty line.
The electric power system fault direction detection method, by utilizing the linearity between zero-sequence current and residual voltage derivative
Relationship judges fault direction, applicable in low-resistance and high resistance earthing fault, has a wide range of application, and take full advantage of failure
Power frequency and transient state electrical quantity, can be suitable for isolated neutral system and resonant earthed system, it is possible to reduce small current grounding fault simultaneously
Angle detecting algorithm complexity improves adaptability.
Claims (3)
1. this patent proposes a kind of small current neutral grounding system using linearity relationship between zero-sequence current and residual voltage derivative
Earthing fault direction detection method is applicable to low-impedance earthed system, the high resistance earthing fault of isolated neutral system and resonant earthed system,
Process includes:
A. using the variation of bus residual voltage as fault initiating condition, the zero-sequence current i at each test point is recorded0, residual voltage
u0；
B. the residual voltage change rate Δ u at test point is calculated0/Δt；
C. the zero-sequence current at test point is fitted with residual voltage change rate sequence curve；
D. fault direction is judged using fitting parameter.
2. the small current neutral grounding according to claim 1 using linearity relationship between zero-sequence current and residual voltage derivative
System earth fault direction detection method, it is characterised in that bent to zero-sequence current and voltage change ratio sequence in the step c
The fitting of line,
To the zero-sequence current and residual voltage change rate sequence curve progress least square linear fit at test point, function is determined
F (x)=bx+c, wherein the formula of coefficient b and c calculates are as follows:
In formula (sampling sequence length m):
3. the small current neutral grounding according to claim 1 using linearity relationship between zero-sequence current and residual voltage derivative
System earth fault direction detection method, it is characterised in that judge fault direction using fitting parameter in the step d, include
Following steps:
A. goodness of fit R is utilized2The fitting degree of linear fit is described, the goodness of fit calculation method of each test point is as follows:
In formula:
xk=Δ u0(k)/Δt；For the zero-sequence current mean value at each test point；
B. the threshold value λ for setting a goodness of fit judges the goodness of fit R at each test point2And fitting function slope, if quasi-
Close goodness R2> λ, and fitting function slope is greater than zero, then determines that earth fault in test point upstream, otherwise determines ground fault
Point is in test point downstream.
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