CN109682740B - Method for determining nonlinear flow permeability parameter of disturbed belt - Google Patents
Method for determining nonlinear flow permeability parameter of disturbed belt Download PDFInfo
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- CN109682740B CN109682740B CN201910109547.8A CN201910109547A CN109682740B CN 109682740 B CN109682740 B CN 109682740B CN 201910109547 A CN201910109547 A CN 201910109547A CN 109682740 B CN109682740 B CN 109682740B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining a nonlinear flow permeability parameter of a dislocation band, which comprises the steps of forming two drill holes for uncovering a structural surface of the dislocation band, obtaining a linear flow permeability coefficient of the dislocation band by carrying out a micro-water test in the two drill holes, and calculating the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation band according to a water pressure test and the obtained linear flow permeability coefficient of the dislocation band; the method for determining the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the disturbed belt has a strict theory, and has the advantages of simple test process, easy operation, complete acquired parameters, high precision and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for determining a nonlinear flow permeability parameter of a dislocation zone, belonging to the technical field of civil engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering.
Background
The dislocation zone mainly refers to a weak structural plane formed in a hard rock stratum due to the movement of a structure in the geological historical period. The dislocation zone can be divided into an interlayer dislocation zone and an in-layer dislocation zone, is ubiquitous in the natural world, is far larger than the dimension of a rock engineering structure in dimension, and brings seepage control, rock stability problems and geological disasters to many projects. Wherein, the constructed Raway river hydropower engineering and the constructed basalt in the dam site area of the Baihe beach hydropower engineering at the downstream of the Jinshajiang river can widely develop interlayer and in-layer dislocation zones with gentle dip angles. The dislocation zones are generally filled with mud and gravels, and the water permeability is far higher than that of the original rock. The river luodie and white crane beach hydroelectric engineering are high dam warehouses with dam heights of more than 250m, the difference of water heads of upstream and downstream after water storage of a reservoir is more than 200m, and the underground hydraulic engineering construction of a dam site area bears the huge seepage force action problem, seepage damage problem and drainage problem of a disturbed belt, so that the seepage of the disturbed belt directly influences the design of underground powerhouse, tunnel and dam foundation drainage prevention schemes of the dam site area.
Permeability for the disturbed zone has conventionally been determined by indoor or field permeation tests based on darcy's law. The permeability coefficient can also be calculated by an empirical formula according to a conventional water pressing test. But the problem is that under the action of the upstream and downstream water head difference of the dam of more than 200m, the permeation of the dislocation zone is mostly in a nonlinear flow state. The determination results of the nonlinear flow and permeability parameters of the rock mass structural plane are not few, but the results are almost obtained on the basis of indoor small-scale rock sample tests, and how to obtain the permeability parameters of the nonlinear flow of the dislocation zone through simple and feasible in-situ tests on site is a very practical problem, so that a method for determining the permeability parameters of the nonlinear flow of the dislocation zone is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining a fault zone nonlinear flow permeability parameter, which aims to solve the problem of obtaining the fault zone nonlinear flow permeability parameter through a simple and feasible test on site.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for determining a nonlinear flow permeability parameter of a disturbed belt, which comprises the following steps:
forming two drill holes perpendicular to the structural surface of the dislocation band, wherein the drill holes penetrate through the structural surface of the dislocation band;
the diameters of the two drill holes are 75mm or 127 mm; washing the two formed drill holes;
calculating the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation zone by using a Forchheimer formula of the nonlinear flow, wherein the Forchheimer formula of the nonlinear flow is as follows:
J＝av+bv2 (1)
wherein a is a first nonlinear flow permeation parameter and b is a second nonlinear flow permeation parameter; v is the rate of penetration, and
k is the linear flow permeability coefficient of the dislocation zone;
from equation (1):
wherein M is the thickness of the water-permeable medium of the dislocation zone; q is the pressurized water flow when the pressurized water flow reaches stability in the pressurized water test, the pressurized water flow is equal to the water injection flow of the drill hole as the flow of the cylindrical water passing section with the axis of the test hole as the original point and the radius of r, and r is1The radial distance between the two drill holes; h is a water head with the axis of the test hole as an original point and the radius of r;
from equation (3):
after integration, obtain
rwRadius of the test well, hwHead of test well; r is1Distance of observation well to test well, h1Is the head of the observation hole;
the second nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the disturbed zone is obtained by the formula (4) as follows:
and 5: solving the average value of the dislocation second band nonlinear flow permeability parameters corresponding to different water pressures:
and (3) obtaining second nonlinear flow permeation parameters of the dislocation zone corresponding to different water pressures according to the formula (5) as follows:
wherein h is1iThe water head h of the observation hole is obtained when the ith group of water pressure is used for a water pressure testwiThe water head of the test hole is obtained when the ith group of water pressure is used for a water pressure test;
Δp＝Hr0 (7)
wherein r is0Is the volume weight of water and is equal to 9.8kN/m3(ii) a p is the pressure intensity; according to 1 MPa-106N/m2Calculating a water head H corresponding to the pressure of 1MPa to be approximately equal to 100 m;
from equation (7), we find: h iswi＝100Δpi(m)；h1i＝100Δp′i(m)。
Preferably, the radial distance between the two boreholes is 1 to 2 m;
carrying out micro-water tests in the two drill holes to obtain the linear flow permeability coefficient of the dislocation zone;
after the micro-water test is finished, arranging a first plug which is flush with the upper end of the dislocation band and a second plug which is flush with the lower end of the dislocation band in the test hole so as to isolate a test section for testing the pressurized-water test;
selecting one of the two drill holes as a test hole and the other drill hole as an observation hole, performing a pressurized water test on the test hole, and recording the pressurized water flow of the test hole and the water pressure change value of the corresponding observation hole;
and calculating the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation zone according to the linear flow permeability coefficient of the dislocation zone, the pressurized water flow of the test hole and the corresponding water pressure change value.
The slip band nonlinear flow permeability parameter is calculated using the Forchheimer equation for nonlinear flow.
Further, the method for determining the non-linear flow penetration parameter of the disturbed belt further comprises the following steps:
acquiring a group of nonlinear flow permeability parameters of the dislocation zone calculated when different water pressures are used for a water pressure test;
and averaging the group of the fault band nonlinear flow penetration parameters, wherein the obtained average value is the finally determined fault band nonlinear flow penetration parameter.
The invention discloses a method for determining a dislocation zone nonlinear flow permeability parameter, which comprises the steps of forming two drill holes perpendicular to a dislocation zone structural surface, performing micro-water tests in the two drill holes to obtain a dislocation zone linear flow permeability coefficient, selecting one of the two drill holes as a test hole and the other drill hole as an observation hole, performing a pressurized-water test on the test hole, recording the pressurized-water flow of the test hole and the water pressure change value of the corresponding observation hole, and calculating the dislocation zone nonlinear flow permeability parameter according to the dislocation zone linear flow permeability coefficient, the pressurized-water flow of the test hole and the corresponding water pressure change value; the method for determining the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation zone, provided by the invention, has the advantages of strict theory, simple test process, easiness in operation, complete acquired parameters, high precision and the like, and has good popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining a non-linear flow penetration parameter of a disturbed tape according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water pressure test provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test site provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a pressure gauge; 2. a flow meter; 3. plugging; 4. a dislocation band; 5. a test well; 6. and (6) observing the hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The present embodiment provides a method for determining a non-linear flow penetration parameter of a motionless zone, where a flowchart of the method for determining the non-linear flow penetration parameter of the motionless zone is shown in fig. 1, and the method includes the following steps:
step 1: two drilled holes are formed perpendicular to the structural plane of the dislocation band:
step 11: selecting a dislocation band to be tested on site, mastering the occurrence of the dislocation band through dislocation band outcrop or exploration data, estimating the burial depth of the dislocation band at a test point, and determining the depth of a drilled hole;
step 12: two drill holes perpendicular to the structural surface of the dislocation band are formed, the two drill holes stretch into the dislocation band by 0.5m-1.0m after penetrating through the structural surface of the dislocation band, the radial distance of the two drill holes is 1-2m, the diameter of the two drill holes is 75mm or 127mm, and the diameters of the two drill holes can be the same or different.
Step 2: and (3) washing the two drilled holes formed in the step 1.
And step 3: and after the hole washing is finished and the underground water level in the hole is stable, carrying out micro-water tests in the two drill holes to obtain the average permeability coefficient K of the dislocation zone, and taking the obtained average permeability coefficient K of the dislocation zone as the linear flow permeability coefficient of the dislocation zone.
And 4, step 4: calculating the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation zone:
step 41: selecting one of the two drill holes as a test hole and the other drill hole as an observation hole, and after the micro-water test is finished, arranging a first plug which is flush with the upper end of the dislocation band and a second plug which is flush with the lower end of the dislocation band in the test hole so as to isolate a test section for a pressurized-water test, wherein the schematic diagram of the pressurized-water test is shown in figure 2;
step 42: after the water pressure in the two drill holes is stable, a common water pressure test device is used for pressing delta p into the test hole through a first plug which is flush with the upper end of the dislocation zone1＝0.3MPa、Δp2＝0.5MPa、Δp3＝0.7MPa、Δp4The water pressing test is carried out by pressing water step by step according to the pressure change value of 1.0MPa and …, the water pressing time of each step of the dislocation zone is stabilized by the water pressing flow, and the corresponding test of different water pressures is recordedFlow rate Q of pressurized water in the bore1、Q2、Q3、Q4… and the water pressure change value delta p of the observation hole1′、Δp2′、Δp3′、Δp4′、…。
Step 43: calculating the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation zone by using a Forchheimer formula of the nonlinear flow, wherein the Forchheimer formula of the nonlinear flow is as follows:
J＝av+bv2 (1)
wherein a is a first nonlinear flow permeation parameter and b is a second nonlinear flow permeation parameter; v is the rate of penetration, and
k is the linear flow permeability coefficient of the disturbed belt obtained according to the steps 1 to 3;
from equation (1):
wherein M is the thickness of the water-permeable medium of the dislocation zone; q is the pressurized water flow when the pressurized water flow reaches stability in the pressurized water test, the pressurized water flow is equal to the water injection flow of the drill hole through the cylindrical water cross section with the axis of the test hole as the original point and the radius of r, and in the embodiment, r is1Equal to the radial distance between two boreholes; h is a water head with the axis of the test hole as an original point and the radius of r;
from equation (3):
after integration, obtain
rwRadius of the test well, hwHead of test well; r is1Distance of observation well to test well, h1Is the head of the observation hole;
the second nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation zone can be obtained by the formula (4):
and 5: solving the average value of the dislocation second band nonlinear flow permeability parameters corresponding to different water pressures:
and (3) obtaining second nonlinear flow permeation parameters of the dislocation zone corresponding to different water pressures according to the formula (5) as follows:
wherein h is1iThe water head h of the observation hole is obtained when the ith group of water pressure is used for a water pressure testwiThe water head of the test hole is obtained when the ith group of water pressure is used for a water pressure test;
Δp＝Hr0 (7)
wherein r is0Is the volume weight of water and is equal to 9.8kN/m3(ii) a p is the pressure intensity; according to 1 MPa-106N/m2The water head H corresponding to the pressure of 1MPa can be calculated to be approximately equal to 100 m;
from equation (7), it can be derived: h iswi＝100Δpi(m)；h1i＝100Δpi′(m)。
According to the steps 1 to 5, the average value of the second nonlinear flow permeation parameters of the disturbed belt corresponding to different water pressures can be obtained.
This example selects white crane beach hydropower station C4And taking the interlayer dislocation zone as a test object, and calculating the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation zone. As shown in the schematic diagram of the test site shown in FIG. 3, CZK88-0 is a test hole, CZK88-1 is an observation hole, micro-water tests are performed in the test hole CZK88-0 and the observation hole CZK88-1, the linear flow permeability coefficient K of the dislocation zone is calculated, and the test is performedThe values of the correlation parameters used and the values of the linear flow permeability coefficient K of the wobble band calculated using the correlation parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The first nonlinear flow parameter a of the slip zone was found to be 5.32(s/cm) according to equation (2) in conjunction with the values of the linear flow permeability coefficient K of the slip zone shown in table 1.
In the secondary water pressure test, 8 levels of water head pressure is applied to the test hole before the observation hole is damaged, and 8 second nonlinear flow permeability parameters b of the dislocation zone can be calculated.
Radius r of test well CZK88-0w3.75cm, the radial distance r between the test hole CZK88-0 and the observation hole CZK88-11The average thickness M of the pervious medium of the test section dislocation zone is 40(cm) which is 200 cm; the pressurized water flow of the test hole CZK88-0 and the water pressure change value of the observation hole CZK88-1 corresponding to different water pressures are recorded as shown in table 2, and the calculation result according to the average value of the first nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the disturbed belt corresponding to different water pressures calculated in the steps 1 to 5 and the second nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the disturbed belt corresponding to different water pressures is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining a fault band nonlinear flow permeability parameter, which comprises the steps of forming two drill holes perpendicular to a fault band structural surface, performing a micro-water test in the two drill holes to obtain a fault band linear flow permeability coefficient, selecting one of the two drill holes as a test hole and the other drill hole as an observation hole, performing a pressurized-water test on the test hole, recording the pressurized-water flow of the test hole and the water pressure change value of the corresponding observation hole, and calculating the fault band nonlinear flow permeability parameter according to the fault band linear flow permeability coefficient, the pressurized-water flow of the test hole and the corresponding water pressure change value; the invention provides a standardized test technical method for determining the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation zone, which has the advantages of strict theory, simple test process, easy operation, complete acquired parameters, high precision and the like, and has good popularization and application values.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method of determining a non-linear flow penetration parameter of a disturbed tape, the method comprising the steps of:
forming two drill holes perpendicular to the structural surface of the dislocation band, wherein the drill holes penetrate through the structural surface of the dislocation band;
the diameters of the two drill holes are 75mm or 127 mm;
carrying out micro-water tests in the two drill holes to obtain the linear flow permeability coefficient of the dislocation zone;
selecting one of the two drill holes as a test hole and the other drill hole as an observation hole, performing a pressurized water test on the test hole, and recording the pressurized water flow of the test hole and the water pressure change value of the observation hole;
calculating the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation zone according to the linear flow permeability coefficient of the dislocation zone, the pressurized water flow of the test hole and the water pressure change value of the observation hole;
calculating the nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the dislocation zone by using a Forchheimer formula of the nonlinear flow, wherein the Forchheimer formula of the nonlinear flow is as follows:
J＝av+bv2 (1)
wherein a is a first nonlinear flow permeation parameter and b is a second nonlinear flow permeation parameter; v is the rate of penetration, and
k is the linear flow permeability coefficient of the dislocation zone;
from equation (1):
wherein M is the thickness of the water-permeable medium of the dislocation zone; q is the pressurized water flow when the pressurized water flow is stable in the pressurized water test, the pressurized water flow is the water injection flow of a drill hole which is equal to the flow of a cylindrical water passing section with the axis of the test hole as the original point and the radius of r, and H is the water head with the axis of the test hole as the original point and the radius of r;
from equation (3):
after integration, obtain
Wherein r iswRadius of the test well, hwHead of test well; r is1Is the radial distance, h, between two boreholes1Is the head of the observation hole;
the second nonlinear flow permeability parameter of the disturbed zone is obtained by the formula (4) as follows:
solving the average value of the dislocation second band nonlinear flow permeability parameters corresponding to different water pressures:
and (3) obtaining second nonlinear flow permeation parameters of the dislocation zone corresponding to different water pressures according to the formula (5) as follows:
wherein h is1iThe water head h of the observation hole is obtained when the ith group of water pressure is used for a water pressure testwiThe water head of the test hole is obtained when the ith group of water pressure is used for a water pressure test;
Δp＝Hr0 (7)
wherein r is0Is the volume weight of water and is equal to 9.8kN/m3(ii) a According to 1 MPa-106N/m2Calculating a water head H corresponding to the pressure of 1MPa to be approximately equal to 100 m;
from equation (7), we find: h iswi＝100Δpi，hwiThe unit of (a) is m; h is1i＝100Δp′i，h1iThe unit of (d) is m.
2. The method of determining a disturbed belt non-linear flow penetration parameter of claim 1 further comprising hole washing the two drilled holes formed.
3. The method of determining a fault band nonlinear flow penetration parameter of claim 1, wherein the method of calculating the fault band nonlinear flow penetration parameter further comprises:
acquiring a group of nonlinear flow permeability parameters of the dislocation zone calculated when different water pressures are used for a water pressure test;
and averaging the group of the nonlinear flow penetration parameters of the disturbed belt, wherein the average value is the finally determined nonlinear flow penetration parameter of the disturbed belt.
4. A method for determining a parameter of nonlinear flow penetration of a disturbed belt according to claim 1, characterized in that the radial distance between the two boreholes is 1m-2 m.
5. The method of determining a fault band nonlinear flow permeability parameter of claim 1, further comprising: after the micro-water test is finished, a first plug which is flush with the upper end of the dislocation band and a second plug which is flush with the lower end of the dislocation band are arranged in the test hole, so that a test section between the first plug and the second plug is isolated and used for a water pressure test.
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