CN109682718B - Soil specific gravity measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Soil specific gravity measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109682718B CN109682718B CN201910116977.2A CN201910116977A CN109682718B CN 109682718 B CN109682718 B CN 109682718B CN 201910116977 A CN201910116977 A CN 201910116977A CN 109682718 B CN109682718 B CN 109682718B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
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Abstract
The application discloses a soil specific gravity measuring device and a measuring method, wherein a sedimentation cylinder system in the device comprises a transparent glass cylinder, the outer wall of the transparent glass cylinder is provided with scale marks, a first branch pipe communicated with the transparent glass cylinder is arranged near an opening of the transparent glass cylinder, and a sedimentation cylinder plug is arranged in a matched manner in the opening of the transparent glass cylinder; a floating sieve for preventing organic matters, which is connected with a sedimentation cylinder plug, is arranged in the transparent glass cylinder; the connecting pipe system comprises a hard glass pipe with two sealed ends, a second branch pipe and a third branch pipe which are communicated with the hard glass pipe are arranged in the middle in a protruding mode, a rotary valve is arranged on the second branch pipe and is movably connected with the second branch pipe, and the first branch pipe is communicated with the second branch pipe through a plastic hose; the third branch pipe is communicated with an extraction opening of the vacuum machine through a plastic hose. The measuring method using the device is simple to operate, the time is short, organic substances cannot float out, the measuring result cannot be influenced by boiling water overflowed by heating, and the accuracy of soil specific gravity measurement is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of soil specific gravity measurement, in particular to a soil specific gravity measuring device and a measuring method.
Background
Soil specific gravity, also called soil particle density, is the ratio of the weight of dry soil per unit volume to the weight of water per volume, and is also an important physical property of soil. The size of the porous soil is used for reflecting the density of soil particles, is also used for calculating the porosity of the soil, and is a common measurement index in the field of agricultural research.
The current common methods for measuring the specific gravity of soil are the pycnometer method, and the Lishi pycnometer kerosene method. The method has a plurality of defects, such as potential safety hazards caused by heating and exhausting in the determination process of the pycnometer method, errors caused by easy overflow of soil liquid during heating and boiling, fewer used soil samples, larger systematic errors and the like; the method for preparing the kerosene from the Lishi gravity bottle needs constant-temperature heating, the gravity bottle needs drying, the soil needs slow exhaust when being added into the kerosene, and the like, and the measurement time is long; in addition, organic matters in the soil are lighter and can float on the water surface or the kerosene surface. The above two methods cannot accurately measure the specific gravity of soil with a large organic matter content, and cannot accurately measure the specific gravity of artificial soil such as a cultivation substrate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a soil specific gravity measuring device, including: a settling leg system, a connecting tube system, and a vacuum, wherein: the sedimentation cylinder system comprises a transparent glass cylinder, the outer wall of the transparent glass cylinder is provided with scale marks, a first protruding branch pipe is arranged near the opening of the transparent glass cylinder and communicated with the transparent glass cylinder, the opening of the transparent glass cylinder is provided with a sedimentation cylinder plug in a matching way, and the sedimentation cylinder plug is movably connected with the transparent glass cylinder; an organic matter floating prevention screen is arranged in the transparent glass cylinder and connected with the sedimentation cylinder plug; the connecting pipe system comprises a hard glass pipe, two ends of the hard glass pipe are sealed, a second branch pipe and a third branch pipe are arranged in a protruding mode, the second branch pipe and the third branch pipe are communicated with the hard glass pipe, a rotary valve is arranged on the second branch pipe and is movably connected with the second branch pipe, and the first branch pipe is communicated with the second branch pipe through a plastic hose; the third branch pipe is communicated with an extraction opening of the vacuum machine through a plastic hose.
By adopting the implementation mode, a certain volume of water is added into the glass cylinder before soil specific gravity measurement, and air in the water in the transparent glass cylinder is pumped out as much as possible through the vacuum machine, so that a volume is determined. And then taking out the organic matter preventing floating sieve, putting the organic matter preventing floating sieve into the baked soil to be measured, pumping out air in water in the transparent glass cylinder as much as possible, determining a volume again, and determining the soil specific gravity through the mass of the baked soil and the volume calculation obtained twice. The whole process is simple to operate, the time is short, organic substances cannot float out, and the accuracy of soil specific gravity measurement is improved.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the sedimentation cylinder plug is a conical silica gel rubber plug, a small suspension ring screw is arranged in the center of a thin end of the sedimentation cylinder plug, and the organic matter floating preventing screen is connected with the sedimentation cylinder plug through the small suspension ring screw.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the organic matter-preventing floating screen includes a nylon screen surface, an annular stainless steel sheet is disposed around an outer edge of the nylon screen surface, the stainless steel sheet is fixedly connected with the nylon screen surface, three stainless steel strips are uniformly disposed on the stainless steel sheet, the other ends of the three stainless steel strips are gathered together and welded together, and the small eye screw is connected with a short stainless steel strip welded at a welding end of the stainless steel strip through a thin steel wire.
With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the transparent glass tube is provided with a plurality of second branch tubes corresponding to a plurality of transparent glass tubes on the hard glass tube, and each second branch tube corresponds to a first branch tube provided on the transparent glass tube.
With reference to the first aspect or any one of the first to third possible implementation manners of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the inner diameter of the transparent glass cylinder is 3.5-5cm, the outer diameter is 4-5.5cm, the height is 30-35cm, and the wall of the transparent glass cylinder can bear 1.5-3 atmospheres.
With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a length of a plastic hose that communicates the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe is 50-100cm, a length of a plastic hose that communicates the third branch pipe and an extraction opening of the vacuum machine is 200-210cm, and the plastic hose includes a PVC plastic hose.
With reference to the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first branch pipe is disposed at a position 5-6cm away from the transparent glass tube, and the first branch pipe is conical.
With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a circular base is disposed at a bottom of the transparent glass cylinder, and a diameter of the circular base is 6-6.5cm.
With reference to the seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the limit pressure of the vacuum machine is 0.01-350pa, the pumping speed is 0.01-7200 rpm, and the power is 0.01-650 kw/hour.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a soil specific gravity measurement method using the soil specific gravity measurement device according to the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the method including: opening a sedimentation cylinder plug, and adding water with a preset volume into the transparent glass cylinder; placing an organic matter preventing floating screen into water, so that the organic matter preventing floating screen is completely immersed into the water, and plugging the sedimentation cylinder plug; opening a vacuum machine, and keeping the vacuum machine to work for a preset time according to a preset rotating speed, so that air in water in the transparent glass cylinder is pumped out as much as possible, and reading a first volume of water in the transparent glass cylinder; closing the vacuum machine, opening the sedimentation cylinder plug, and taking out the organic matter floating prevention screen; placing pretreated baked soil with known weight into the transparent glass cylinder, and then placing the organic matter-preventing floating sieve back to plug the sedimentation cylinder plug; opening the vacuum machine again, keeping the vacuum machine to work for a preset time according to a preset rotating speed, so that air in water in the transparent glass cylinder is pumped out as much as possible, and reading a second volume of the water in the transparent glass cylinder; determining the soil specific gravity = the weight of the baked soil put in/(second volume-first volume).
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a soil specific gravity measuring device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an organic matter-preventing floating screen according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a soil specific gravity measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application;
in fig. 1-3, the symbols are represented as:
1-vacuum machine, 2-transparent glass cylinder, 3-first branch pipe, 4-sedimentation cylinder plug, 5-organic matter floating screen, 6-hard glass pipe, 7-second branch pipe, 8-third branch pipe, 9-rotary valve, 10-plastic hose, 11-small flying ring screw, 12-Ni Long Shaimian, 13-stainless steel sheet, 14-stainless steel bar, 15-thin steel wire, 16-round base and 17-measuring soil sample.
Detailed Description
The present application is described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil specific gravity measuring device according to an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 1, the soil specific gravity measuring device includes: a settling leg system, a connecting tube system and a vacuum 1.
The sedimentation cylinder system comprises a transparent glass cylinder 2, scale marks are arranged on the outer wall of the transparent glass cylinder 2, a first protruding branch pipe 3 is arranged near an opening of the transparent glass cylinder 2, the first branch pipe 3 is communicated with the transparent glass cylinder 2, the first branch pipe 3 is arranged at a position 5cm to 6cm away from the opening of the transparent glass cylinder 2, and the first branch pipe 3 is conical. The opening of the transparent glass cylinder 2 is provided with a sedimentation cylinder plug 4 in a matching way, and the sedimentation cylinder plug 4 is movably connected with the transparent glass cylinder 2; an organic matter floating prevention screen 5 is arranged in the transparent glass cylinder 2, and the organic matter floating prevention screen 5 is connected with the sedimentation cylinder plug 4.
In an exemplary embodiment, the sedimentation cylinder plug 4 is a conical silica gel rubber plug, a small suspension ring screw 11 is arranged in the center of the thin end of the sedimentation cylinder plug 4, and the organic matter floating preventing screen 5 is connected with the sedimentation cylinder plug 4 through the small suspension ring screw 11.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the organic matter-resistant flotation screen 5 includes a nylon screen surface 12, the nylon screen surface 12 being an 80 mesh nylon screen surface. The outer diameter of the nylon screen surface 12 is such that the nylon screen surface can be horizontally placed in the transparent glass cylinder 2 and the organic substances in the soil sample 17 can be prevented from floating to the water surface. The nylon screen surface 12 is annularly provided with a stainless steel sheet 13, the stainless steel sheet 13 is fixedly connected with the nylon screen surface 12, three stainless steel strips 14 are uniformly arranged on the stainless steel sheet 13, and the diameter of each stainless steel strip 14 is 0.1mm and the length is 10cm. The other ends of the three stainless steel bars 14 are gathered and welded together, so that the three stainless steel bars 14 are in a pyramid shape, a stainless steel bar with the length of 5cm and the diameter of 0.1mm is vertically welded upwards on the tower tip, the small eye screw 11 is connected with the stainless steel bar welded at the welding end of the stainless steel bar 14 through a thin steel wire 15, and the thin steel wire 15 is used for tying the thin steel wire 15 on the organic matter-preventing floating screen 5. The filaments 15 may be replaced by other filaments that are as thin and strong as possible (e.g., copper filaments, nylon filaments, etc.).
The connecting pipe system comprises a hard glass pipe 6, two ends of the hard glass pipe 6 are sealed, a second branch pipe 7 and a third branch pipe 8 are arranged in a protruding mode, the second branch pipe 7 and the third branch pipe 8 are communicated with the hard glass pipe 6, a rotary valve 9 is arranged on the second branch pipe 7, the rotary valve 9 is movably connected with the second branch pipe 7, the first branch pipe 3 is communicated with the second branch pipe 7 through a plastic hose 10, the hole diameter of the plastic hose 10 can be in sealing connection with the first branch pipe 3 and the hard second branch pipe 7, and the function of the connecting pipe is to communicate the transparent glass cylinder 2 with the hard glass pipe 6. The third branch pipe 8 is communicated with the air extraction opening of the vacuum machine 1 through a plastic hose 10.
In this embodiment, the transparent glass cylinder 2 is provided in plural, but preferably not more than 6. A plurality of the second branch pipes 7 are provided corresponding to the plurality of the transparent glass barrels 2 on the hard glass tube 6, and each of the second branch pipes 7 corresponds to the first branch pipe 3 provided on the transparent glass barrel 2. If only one soil sample is measured, only the rotary valve 9 on the corresponding second branch pipe 7 of the hard glass pipe 6 is opened during measurement, and the other rotary valves 9 are closed. In this embodiment, a plurality of equal amounts of the measured soil samples 17 may be taken from the same soil sample, and the measurement may be performed simultaneously, so as to reduce measurement errors.
In the embodiment of the application, the inner diameter of the transparent glass cylinder 2 is 3.5-5cm, the outer diameter is 4-5.5cm, the height is 30-35cm, and the cylinder wall of the transparent glass cylinder 2 can bear 1.5-3 atmospheric pressures. The length of the plastic hose 10 communicating the first branch pipe 3 and the second branch pipe 7 is 50-100cm, the length of the plastic hose 10 communicating the third branch pipe 8 and the air extraction opening of the vacuum machine 1 is 200-210cm, and the plastic hose 10 comprises a PVC plastic hose. The bottom of the transparent glass cylinder 2 is provided with a circular base 16, and the diameter of the circular base 16 is 6-6.5cm. The limiting pressure of the vacuum machine 1 adopted in the embodiment is 0.01-350pa, the air extraction rate is 0.01-7200 r/s, and the power is 0.01-650 kw/h.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present embodiment provides a soil specific gravity measuring device, comprising: a settling leg system, a connecting tube system, and a vacuum 1, wherein: the sedimentation cylinder system comprises a transparent glass cylinder 2, wherein the outer wall of the transparent glass cylinder 2 is provided with scale marks, a first protruding branch pipe 3 is arranged near the opening of the transparent glass cylinder 2, the first branch pipe 3 is communicated with the transparent glass cylinder 2, the opening of the transparent glass cylinder 2 is provided with a sedimentation cylinder plug 4 in a matching way, and the sedimentation cylinder plug 4 is movably connected with the transparent glass cylinder 2; an organic matter floating prevention screen 5 is arranged in the transparent glass cylinder 2, and the organic matter floating prevention screen 5 is connected with the sedimentation cylinder plug 4. The connecting pipe system comprises a hard glass pipe 6, two ends of the hard glass pipe 6 are sealed, a second branch pipe 7 and a third branch pipe 8 are arranged in a protruding mode, the second branch pipe 7 and the third branch pipe 8 are communicated with the hard glass pipe 6, a rotary valve 9 is arranged on the second branch pipe 7, the rotary valve 9 is movably connected with the second branch pipe 7, and the first branch pipe 3 is communicated with the second branch pipe 7 through a plastic hose 10; the third branch pipe 8 is communicated with the air extraction opening of the vacuum machine 1 through a plastic hose 10. Before soil specific gravity measurement, the air in the transparent glass cylinder 2 is pumped out by the vacuum machine 1 to determine a volume. And then taking out the organic matter preventing floating sieve 5, putting the organic matter preventing floating sieve 5 into the baked soil to be measured, pumping out the air in the transparent glass cylinder 2 again, determining a volume again, and determining the soil specific gravity through the mass of the baked soil and the volume obtained twice. The whole process is simple to operate, organic substances cannot float out, and the measurement result cannot be influenced by the loss of moisture, so that the accuracy of soil specific gravity measurement is improved.
The present application also provides an embodiment of a soil specific gravity measuring method, corresponding to the soil specific gravity measuring device provided in the above embodiment. Referring to fig. 3, the method includes:
s101, opening a sedimentation cylinder plug, and adding a preset volume of water into the transparent glass cylinder.
In an exemplary embodiment of the application, the sedimentation cylinder plug 2 is opened, 200 milliliters of tap water is measured by the measuring cylinder, and the tap water is slowly added into the sedimentation cylinder by attaching the inner wall of the sedimentation transparent glass cylinder 2. The water adding process is slow, so that water is prevented from splashing.
S102, placing the organic matter preventing floating sieve into water, so that the organic matter preventing floating sieve device is completely immersed into the water, and plugging the sedimentation cylinder plug.
All steel bars on the organic matter-preventing floating screen 5 are immersed in water, the transparent glass cylinder 2 is plugged to tightly plug the sedimentation cylinder 4, and the connection and sealing connection among the PVC plastic hose 10, the hard glass tube 6 and the vacuum machine 1 are checked.
And S103, opening the vacuum machine, keeping the vacuum machine to work for a preset time according to a preset rotating speed, so that air in water in the transparent glass cylinder is pumped out as much as possible, and reading the first volume of the water in the transparent glass cylinder.
The rotary valve 9 on the second branch pipe 7 is opened, the vacuum machine 1 is started, the rotation speed of the vacuum machine is up to 5000 revolutions per second, the vacuum machine is kept for 3 minutes, and the volume reading L1 of the water in the transparent glass cylinder 2 is read, wherein the L1 is the first volume.
And S104, closing the vacuum machine, opening the sedimentation cylinder plug, and taking out the organic matter floating prevention sieve.
The vacuum machine 1 is closed, the sedimentation cylinder plug 4 is opened, and the organic matter floating preventing screen 5 is taken out. After the sedimentation cylinder plug 4 is opened, all the carried water is reserved in the process of taking out the organic matter floating screen 5, so that splashing is prevented.
S105, placing pretreated baked soil with known weight into the transparent glass cylinder, and then placing the organic matter-preventing floating screen back, and plugging the sedimentation cylinder plug.
In the case of soil specific gravity measurement, a sufficient amount of soil to be measured is sieved by a 2mm sieve, and the soil is dried at a temperature of 100+/-5 ℃ in an incubator and cooled to room temperature. If the specific gravity of the culture medium is measured, a sufficient amount of the culture medium to be measured is taken, dried at the temperature of 100+/-5 ℃ and cooled to the room temperature.
Soil specific gravity measurement: 100-150G (G) of the above-mentioned baked soil is weighed flatly one day, the sedimentation cylinder plug 4 is opened, the fine steel wire 15 is lifted to take out the organic matter preventing floating sieve 5 (the water on the organic matter preventing floating sieve 5 is not lost as much as possible), the weighed soil is transferred into the water in the transparent glass cylinder 2 in a lossless manner (the soil cannot be stuck to the inner wall of the transparent glass cylinder 2), the organic matter preventing floating sieve 5 is lifted to be slowly put into the water, the stainless steel sheet 13 on the organic matter preventing floating sieve 5 is fully immersed into the water, the organic matter in the soil is prevented from floating on the water surface as much as possible, and the sedimentation cylinder plug 4 is tightly plugged by the transparent glass cylinder 2.
And (3) measuring specific gravity of the culture medium: the dried cultivation substrate 50-100G is weighed by one day, the sedimentation cylinder plug 4 is opened, the thin steel wire 15 is lifted to take out the organic matter preventing floating sieve 5 (the water on the organic matter preventing floating sieve 5 is not lost as much as possible), the weighed cultivation substrate is transferred into the water in the transparent glass cylinder 2 in a lossless manner (the cultivation substrate cannot be stuck to the inner wall of the transparent glass cylinder 2), the organic matter preventing floating sieve 5 is lifted to slowly and horizontally put into the water, the stainless steel sheet 13 on the organic matter preventing floating sieve 5 is fully immersed into the water, the organic matter of the cultivation substrate is prevented from floating on the water surface as much as possible, and the sedimentation cylinder plug 4 is tightly plugged by the transparent glass cylinder 2.
And S106, opening the vacuum machine again, keeping the vacuum machine to work for a preset time according to a preset rotating speed, so that air in water in the transparent glass cylinder is pumped out as much as possible, and reading a second volume of water in the transparent glass cylinder.
Starting the vacuum machine 1, enabling the rotating speed of the vacuum machine 1 to be 5000 r/s, keeping for 3 minutes, so that the air in the water in the transparent glass cylinder is pumped out as much as possible, reading the volume reading L2 of the water in the transparent glass cylinder 2, wherein the L2 is the second volume, and closing the vacuum machine 1.
S107, determining the soil specific gravity=the weight of the baked soil put in/(second volume-first volume).
Soil specific gravity (soil grain density) or cultivation substrate specific gravity=g/(L2-L1). It should be noted here that the calculation result is not written in units of soil specific gravity measurement, but in units of g/cm3 in the case of soil particle density.
It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the technical features of the present application that are not described may be implemented by or by using the prior art, which is not described herein again; the above examples and drawings are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application, if substituted, the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application and the scope of the appended claims should be construed as falling within the scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A soil specific gravity measuring device, comprising: a settling leg system, a connecting tube system and a vacuum machine (1), wherein:
the sedimentation cylinder system comprises a transparent glass cylinder (2), wherein scale marks are arranged on the outer wall of the transparent glass cylinder (2), a first protruding branch pipe (3) is arranged near the opening of the transparent glass cylinder (2), the first branch pipe (3) is communicated with the transparent glass cylinder (2), a sedimentation cylinder plug (4) is arranged in a matched mode on the opening of the transparent glass cylinder (2), and the sedimentation cylinder plug (4) is movably connected with the transparent glass cylinder (2); an organic matter floating prevention screen (5) is arranged in the transparent glass cylinder (2), and the organic matter floating prevention screen (5) is connected with the sedimentation cylinder plug (4);
the sedimentation cylinder plug (4) is a conical silica gel rubber plug, a small suspension ring screw (11) is arranged in the center of the thin end of the sedimentation cylinder plug (4), and the organic matter floating prevention screen (5) is connected with the sedimentation cylinder plug (4) through the small suspension ring screw (11);
the organic matter-preventing floating screen (5) comprises a nylon screen surface (12), annular stainless steel sheets (13) are arranged around the outer edge of the nylon screen surface (12), the stainless steel sheets (13) are fixedly connected with the nylon screen surface (12), three stainless steel strips (14) are uniformly arranged on the stainless steel sheets (13), the other ends of the three stainless steel strips (14) are gathered and welded together, and small flying ring screws (11) are connected with a short stainless steel strip welded at the welding end of the stainless steel strip (14) through a thin steel wire (15);
the nylon screen surface (12) is an 80-mesh nylon screen surface, and the outer diameter of the nylon screen surface (12) is based on the condition that the transparent glass cylinder (2) can be horizontally placed in the soil sample to be measured and organic matters in the soil sample can be prevented from floating to the water surface;
the connecting pipe system comprises a hard glass pipe (6), two ends of the hard glass pipe (6) are sealed, a second branch pipe (7) and a third branch pipe (8) are arranged in the middle of the hard glass pipe in a protruding mode, the second branch pipe (7) and the third branch pipe (8) are communicated with the hard glass pipe (6), a rotary valve (9) is arranged on the second branch pipe (7), the rotary valve (9) is movably connected with the second branch pipe (7), and the first branch pipe (3) is communicated with the second branch pipe (7) through a plastic hose (10); the third branch pipe (8) is communicated with an extraction opening of the vacuum machine (1) through a plastic hose (10).
2. Soil proportion measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transparent glass cylinder (2) is provided in plurality, the second branch pipes (7) on the hard glass tube (6) corresponding to a plurality of the transparent glass cylinders (2) are provided in plurality, each of the second branch pipes (7) corresponds to the first branch pipe (3) provided on the transparent glass cylinder (2).
3. The soil gravity measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transparent glass cylinder (2) has an inner diameter of 3.5-5cm, an outer diameter of 4-5.5cm and a height of 30-35cm, and the wall of the transparent glass cylinder (2) can withstand 1.5-3 atmospheres.
4. A soil gravity measuring device according to claim 3, wherein a length of a plastic hose (10) communicating the first branch pipe (3) and the second branch pipe (7) is 50-100cm, a length of a plastic hose (10) communicating the third branch pipe (8) and an air suction port of the vacuum machine (1) is 200-210cm, and the plastic hose (10) comprises a PVC plastic hose.
5. The soil gravity measuring device according to claim 4, wherein the first branch pipe (3) is provided at a position 5-6cm from the opening of the transparent glass cylinder (2), and the first branch pipe (3) is conical.
6. The soil gravity measuring device according to claim 5, wherein a circular base (16) is provided at the bottom of the transparent glass cylinder (2), and the diameter of the circular base (16) is 6-6.5cm.
7. The soil gravity measuring device according to claim 6, wherein the limit pressure of the vacuum machine (1) is 0.01-350pa, the air suction rate is 0.01-7200 rpm, and the power is 0.01-650 kw/hr.
8. A soil specific gravity measuring method using the soil specific gravity measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the method comprises:
opening a sedimentation cylinder plug, and adding water with a preset volume into the transparent glass cylinder;
placing an organic matter preventing floating screen into water, so that the organic matter preventing floating screen device is completely immersed into the water, and plugging the sedimentation cylinder plug;
opening a vacuum machine, and keeping the vacuum machine to work for a preset time according to a preset rotating speed, so that air in water in the transparent glass cylinder is pumped out as much as possible, and reading a first volume of water in the transparent glass cylinder;
closing the vacuum machine, opening the sedimentation cylinder plug, and taking out the organic matter floating prevention screen;
placing pretreated baked soil with known weight into the transparent glass cylinder, and then placing the organic matter-preventing floating sieve back to plug the sedimentation cylinder plug;
opening the vacuum machine again, keeping the vacuum machine to work for a preset time according to a preset rotating speed, so that air in water in the transparent glass cylinder is pumped out as much as possible, and reading a second volume of the water in the transparent glass cylinder;
determining the soil specific gravity = the weight of the baked soil put in/(second volume-first volume).
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