CN109678557B - Water glass-based SiO2Aerogel/carbon foam composite thermal insulation material - Google Patents

Water glass-based SiO2Aerogel/carbon foam composite thermal insulation material Download PDF

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CN109678557B
CN109678557B CN201910039625.1A CN201910039625A CN109678557B CN 109678557 B CN109678557 B CN 109678557B CN 201910039625 A CN201910039625 A CN 201910039625A CN 109678557 B CN109678557 B CN 109678557B
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aerogel
carbon foam
sio
composite
water glass
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CN109678557A (en
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柳炀
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Suzhou Superlong Aviation Heat Resistance Material Technology Co Ltd
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Suzhou Superlong Aviation Heat Resistance Material Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a water glass-based SiO2The aerogel/carbon foam composite heat-insulating material is made up by using carbon foam reinforcement body and water glass base SiO2Aerogel composition characterized by a waterglass-based SiO2The aerogel is uniformly filled in the inner space of the carbon foam reinforcement body, and the density of the composite heat-insulating material is 1-10 Kg/m3The thermal conductivity coefficient of the composite thermal insulation material is 0.02-0.05W/m.K, the compressive strength of the composite thermal insulation material is 0.01-0.5 MPa, the carbon foam framework has an open pore structure, the pores are 90-99%, the pore diameter is 20-80 mu m, and the SiO is2The specific surface area of the aerogel is 400-1000 m2(ii) in terms of/g. Preparing SiO from carbon foam obtained by pyrolyzing melamine foam through a sol-gel method and drying at normal pressure2Aerogel/carbon foam composite insulation. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is prepared by mixing carbon foam and water glass-based SiO2The aerogel composite material has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation process, low material density, excellent hydrophobic property and low heat conductivity coefficient, and is an excellent light heat-insulating material.

Description

Water glass-based SiO2Aerogel/carbon foam composite thermal insulation material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite heat-insulating material, in particular to a water glass-based SiO2Aerogel/carbon foam composite insulation.
Background
With the progress and development of scientific technology, more stringent requirements are put on modern materials, such as: high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, small density, oxidation resistance, certain mechanical strength, good heat insulation performance and the like. Carbon foam is a member of a family of carbon materials that is well suited to meet modern technological requirements. In recent years, carbon foams have attracted increasing research interest due to their excellent material properties. As a novel material of a carbon family, carbon atoms of carbon foam (carbon foam) are used as a framework, and the carbon atoms are connected with each other to form a light porous material with a three-dimensional network structure. The carbon foam has the advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area, small density, low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and has very wide application potential in the fields of aerospace, electrode materials, nuclear power cooling, fuel cells, catalytic environmental protection, military parts, microelectronic industry and IT.
The aerogel has the advantages that many materials do not have due to the characteristics of low density, high specific surface area, high porosity, nano pore diameter and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of heat insulation, sound insulation, adsorption, energy storage and the like, but the aerogel cannot replace the traditional heat insulation material due to the self limitation. The self limitation of the aerogel is mainly two aspects, namely that the aerogel has poor mechanical property, low compressive strength and poor elastic modulus and is very fragile; secondly, the wavelength of infrared heat radiation at high temperature is mainly 3-8 μm, and the radiation heat conduction of the aerogel at high temperature can be increased rapidly due to the poor absorption capacity of the aerogel to the infrared radiation due to the transparency.
Carbon foam also has the advantages of low density, low heat conductivity and the like, and can enhance the mechanical property of aerogel when being used as an aerogel skeleton material, and the novel aerogel composite material is prepared by compounding the aerogel with the carbon foam. On the other hand, the carbon foam can also be used as an opacifier to absorb infrared radiation to reduce the radiation heat conductivity coefficient of the aerogel. Carbon foam/SiO2The aerogel is a novel aerogel composite heat-insulating material and has wide application prospect.
The invention discloses a Chinese patent with an authorization publication number of CN 104119059A and relates to a carbon gel/SiO2Gel composite aerogel is prepared from carbon foam skeleton and carbon gel/SiO filled in skeleton pores2The gel comprises 10-60% of carbon foam skeleton volume and 0.05-0.1 g/m of composite aerogel density3The thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 0.8W/m.K. The carbon foam skeleton has an open-cell structure, the porosity is 90% -97%, and the pore diameter is 10-1000 microns. The carbon gel or SiO2The gel has a mesoporous nano microsphere structure, the aperture is 2-100 nm, and the density is 0.1-0.5 mg/cm3The filling rate is 70-95 percent, and the filling rate is discretely distributed in the hole wall supported by the carbon foam framework. The composite aerogel can greatly reduce the problem of large heat radiation caused by the porous material, the heat conductivity cannot be increased rapidly along with the rise of the temperature, and the composite aerogel has the characteristics of light weight, high temperature resistance and low heat conductivity coefficient, can be made into various large-scale complex structural members, and forms a high-temperature-resistant heat protection structure.
The Chinese invention patent with the application number of 201710115403.4 relates to a high-temperature-resistant foam-reinforced SiO2The aerogel thermal insulation material and the preparation method thereof are characterized in that the high temperature resistant reinforced SiO is2The aerogel thermal insulation material comprises a carbon foam reinforcement body, latticed silicon carbide nanowires and SiO2Aerogel, latticed silicon carbide nanowires filling the void spaces inside the segmented carbon foam, SiO2The aerogel is uniformly filled in the carbon foam reinforcement body, and the density of the aerogel is 0.05-0.15 g/cm3The porosity is greater than 90%. The carbon foam reinforcement is flexible carbon foam, and is formed by trimerizationThe cyanamide foam is pyrolyzed at high temperature to obtain the latticed silicon carbide nanowires with the diameter of 50-20 nm. Preparing silicon carbide-carbon composite foam by chemical vapor deposition, and preparing SiO by adopting normal pressure drying technology2The aerogel can further obtain high-temperature-resistant foam-reinforced SiO2Aerogel insulation. The invention has the advantages that: 1. the reticular SiC nanowires support the carbon skeleton, so that the mechanical property of the composite material is improved; 2. the silicon carbide nanowires reduce the pore size of foam and the thermal conductivity of the material; 3. the overall density of the composite material is ultra-low.
The above invention presents some ideas for aerogel reinforced carbon foams by adding SiO2Modification of the properties of carbon foams by aerogels, e.g. for improving thermal insulation, has a certain reinforcing effect, but the preparation of SiO2Aerogel costs are higher, carbon foam/SiO developed herein2The aerogel composite material takes water glass as a silicon source, so that the cost is low and the preparation process is simple.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a water glass-based SiO2The aerogel/carbon foam composite heat-insulating material is made up by using carbon foam reinforcement body and water glass base SiO2Aerogel composition characterized by a waterglass-based SiO2The aerogel is uniformly filled in the inner space of the carbon foam reinforcement body, and the density of the composite heat-insulating material is 1-10 Kg/m3The thermal conductivity coefficient of the composite thermal insulation material is 0.02-0.05W/m.K, the compressive strength of the composite thermal insulation material is 0.01-0.5 MPa, the carbon foam framework has an open pore structure, the porosity is 90-99%, the pore diameter is 20-80 mu m, and the SiO is2The specific surface area of the aerogel is 400-1000 m2/g。
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention is prepared by mixing carbon foam and water glass-based SiO2The aerogel composite material has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation process, low material density, excellent hydrophobic property and low heat conductivity coefficient, and is an excellent light heat-insulating material.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as various equivalent modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
Example 1
Water glass-based SiO2The aerogel/carbon foam composite heat-insulating material is made up by using carbon foam reinforcement body and water glass base SiO2Aerogel composition characterized by a waterglass-based SiO2Aerogel is uniformly filled in the inner space of the carbon foam reinforcement body, and the density of the composite heat-insulating material is 8 Kg/m3The thermal conductivity coefficient of the composite heat-insulating material is 0.03W/m.K, the compressive strength of the composite heat-insulating material is 0.2 MPa, the carbon foam framework has an open pore structure, the porosity is 90%, the pore diameter is 50 mu m, and the SiO has a structure with a pore diameter of 50 mu m2Aerogel specific surface area 700 m2/g。
Example 2
Water glass-based SiO2The aerogel/carbon foam composite heat-insulating material is made up by using carbon foam reinforcement body and water glass base SiO2Aerogel composition characterized by a waterglass-based SiO2Aerogel is uniformly filled in the inner space of the carbon foam reinforcement body, and the density of the composite heat-insulating material is 5 Kg/m3The thermal conductivity coefficient of the composite heat-insulating material is 0.04W/m.K, the compressive strength of the composite heat-insulating material is 0.5 MPa, the carbon foam framework has an open pore structure, the porosity is 96%, the pore diameter is 30 mu m, and the SiO has a structure with a pore opening2Aerogel specific surface area 900 m2/g。
The above description is only two specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the protection scope of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. Water glass-based SiO2The aerogel/carbon foam composite heat-insulating material is made up by using carbon foam reinforcement body and water glass base SiO2Aerogel composition characterized by a waterglass-based SiO2The aerogel is uniformly filled in the inner space of the carbon foam reinforcement body, and the density of the composite heat-insulating material is 1-10 Kg/m3The thermal conductivity coefficient of the composite thermal insulation material is 0.02-0.05W/(m.K), the compressive strength of the composite thermal insulation material is 0.01-0.5 MPa, the carbon foam framework has an open pore structure, the porosity is 90-99%, the pore diameter is 20-80 mu m, and the SiO is2The specific surface area of the aerogel is 400-1000 m2/g。
CN201910039625.1A 2019-01-16 2019-01-16 Water glass-based SiO2Aerogel/carbon foam composite thermal insulation material Active CN109678557B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113003947A (en) * 2021-03-24 2021-06-22 南京工业大学 Preparation method of silicon-based aerogel-foam material heat insulation composite material
CN115784765B (en) * 2022-12-13 2023-11-10 中化学华陆新材料有限公司 Flexible aerogel/carbon foam porous composite material

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CN104119059A (en) * 2014-08-08 2014-10-29 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 Carbon gel/SiO2 gel composite aerogel
CN107200600A (en) * 2017-07-24 2017-09-26 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 A kind of foam C-base composte material with low thermal conductivity
CN109020469A (en) * 2018-08-17 2018-12-18 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 A kind of SiO2Aeroge/SiC foam composite insulation material and preparation method thereof

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