CN109678217B - High tap density Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Preparation method and application of material - Google Patents

High tap density Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Preparation method and application of material Download PDF

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CN109678217B
CN109678217B CN201811538465.7A CN201811538465A CN109678217B CN 109678217 B CN109678217 B CN 109678217B CN 201811538465 A CN201811538465 A CN 201811538465A CN 109678217 B CN109678217 B CN 109678217B
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张中彩
毛秦钟
钱志挺
吉同棕
王鑫
王寅峰
吴海军
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Zhejiang Haichuang Lithium Battery Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The preparation method of the material comprises the following concrete implementation steps: preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate into a solution a with the concentration of 2mol/L according to the molar ratio of 8:1:1, diluting strong ammonia water into a solution b with the concentration of 3-5 mol/L, diluting the strong ammonia water into a solution c with the concentration of 5-8 mol/L, and preparing sodium hydroxide into a solution d with the concentration of 3 mol/L; ascorbic acid is dissolved in water to form a solution e. Then, the solution b and the solution e were poured into a 20L reactor as a base solution. Nitrogen was introduced into the reactor as a protective gas. Setting the temperature at 55 ℃, setting the stirring speed at 800r/min, and controlling the pH value between 10 and 11. Obtaining crude Ni after 50h of reaction0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material. Heat treating the crude product in an atmosphere furnace to obtain Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material. The method has the advantages of simple and safe process and low cost, and the obtained nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide precursor material has uniform particle distribution, excellent microstructure and better electrochemical performance.

Description

High tap density Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Preparation method and application of material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery materials, in particular to Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Method for producing material, Ni produced by the method0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Materials and uses thereof.
Background
The increasing environmental pollution problem forces people to abandon the use of three traditional fossil fuels. The consumption of fossil fuels by automobiles is immeasurable every year, and the number of automobiles per year is increasing. The emergence of lithium-ion batteries will reverse this situation. New energy vehicles using lithium ion batteries are being sought by people. The endurance of the energy storage equipment of the new energy automobile directly influences the endurance of the new energy automobile.
At present, the energy storage device of the new energy automobile uses a lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery is composed of anode materials, cathode materials, a diaphragm, electrolyte, a shell and other key materials. Therefore, the quality of the performance of the positive electrode material directly affects the quality of the battery performance.
The first generation of positive electrode material is mainly lithium cobaltate, which has good cycle stability and high gram volume. But cobalt is expensive as an important strategic resource, and the cost of large-scale commercial use is too high. In recent years, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode materials have attracted great attention. The ternary material has high gram capacity, good cycle stability and high voltage platform, and the price of nickel salt and manganese salt is less than one tenth of that of cobalt salt. Wherein the higher the nickel content in the ternary material, the higher the gram capacity; meanwhile, the lower the content of manganese, the more unstable the structure, so the 811 type nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material has the most application value.
The key technology for preparing the 811 type nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material is to prepare a precursor Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material. The main methods for preparing the precursor at present comprise a solid phase method, a ball milling method, a Sol-gel method and coprecipitationStarch methods, and the like. The optimal preparation method is a first-push coprecipitation method, and the precursor prepared by the coprecipitation method is good in uniformity, high in sphericity and controllable in appearance. However, the co-precipitation method has many control factors, such as: the pH value, the reaction temperature, the concentration of the salt solution, the concentration of ammonia, the concentration of alkali, the flow rate of the salt solution, the flow rate of ammonia, the flow rate of alkali and the like all influence the shape and the tap density of the precursor. The precursors reported in the literature at present are unsatisfactory in two important indexes, namely morphology and tap density. Therefore, we propose a high tap density of Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A method for preparing the material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of poor sphericity, low tap density and the like of a 811 type ternary cathode material precursor material, the invention provides Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Method for producing material, Ni produced by the method0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Materials and uses thereof.
The invention provides Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The preparation method of the material comprises the steps of preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate into a solution a with the concentration of 2mol/L according to the molar ratio of 8:1:1, diluting industrial strong ammonia water into a solution b with the concentration of 3-5 mol/L, diluting industrial strong ammonia water into a solution c with the concentration of 5-8 mol/L, and preparing sodium hydroxide into a solution d with the concentration of 3 mol/L; an appropriate amount of ascorbic acid was dissolved in water to form a solution e. Then pouring the solution b and the solution e into a 25L reaction kettle as a base solution, wherein the stirring speed is set to be 200r/min, and the temperature of the reaction kettle is set to be 40-60 ℃. Introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle as protective gas to ensure Mn2+Not oxidized, and the flow rate of nitrogen gas is preferably set to 100 mL/min. When the temperature is increased to the set temperature, the stirring speed is increased to 800r/min, the solution a starts to be pumped, and the adding speed is set to 3 mL/min; then immediately pumping in the solution c, and setting the adding rate to be 2 mL/min; finally, the pH value is controlled by controlling the addition amount of the solution dBetween 10 and 13. Taking out the solution after reacting for 50h, filtering, vacuum drying at 80-120 ℃ for 24-48h, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain crude Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material. The crude product is thermally insulated for 2 to 15 hours in a blast drying oven at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 250 ℃ to obtain Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material.
The invention also provides Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Material passing through the above-mentioned Ni of high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The preparation method of the material.
The invention also provides the Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Application of material, in particular spherical Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The material can be used as a precursor of a ternary cathode material, and Ni is added0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The 811 type ternary cathode material with excellent electrochemical performance can be obtained by mixing the material with a lithium source and then sintering at high temperature. Wherein the sintering step is as follows: the precursor material and a lithium source are uniformly mixed according to the molar ratio of lithium metal of 1: 1.02-1: 1.2, and the mixed powder is subjected to heat treatment at 700-900 ℃ for 10-20h, wet treatment, coating secondary sintering and the like to obtain the high-performance 811 type ternary cathode material.
Further, the lithium source is one or two of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide monohydrate, lithium acetate and lithium nitrate.
Further, the molar ratio of lithium metal in the precursor to the lithium source during the high-temperature calcination process is set to be 1: 1.04-1: 1.10.
Further, the heat treatment temperature in the high-temperature calcination process is 700-850 ℃.
Further, the heat preservation time of the high-temperature calcination process is set to be 10-15 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a coprecipitation method to prepare the nickel hydroxide cobalt manganese precursor material with high tap density. The shape and tap density of the catalyst are controlled by adjusting the temperature, pH value, salt concentration, ammonia water concentration, alkali concentration, salt flow rate, ammonia water flow rate and alkali flow rate in the reaction process. The precursor material with high tap density directly influences the energy density of the sintered ternary cathode material.
Ni prepared by the invention0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The material is pure phase, has uniform particle size distribution, high tap density and spherical morphology. Vibrating for 200 times per minute, and the tap density of the precursor material can reach 2.4g/cm after 3000 times of oscillation test3. After the lithium source is mixed, the high-nickel ternary cathode material is subjected to primary calcination, wet treatment, coating secondary calcination and the like to obtain the high-nickel ternary cathode material with excellent electrochemical performance (optimal electrochemical data is selected): the specific discharge capacity under 0.1C is as high as 205.6.mAh g-1The first coulombic efficiency is as high as 90.33%, the capacity retention rate after 800 cycles under a 3.0-4.2V and 1C/1C charge-discharge system is 94%, and the cycle performance is excellent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are X-ray diffraction patterns of samples of example 1 and example 2, respectively. Wherein the abscissa is 2 theta/°, and theta is a diffraction angle;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are scanning electron microscope images at 3 Ktimes for samples of example 1 and example 2, respectively;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are full cell cycle performance curves for the finished ternary cathode materials of examples 1 and 2, respectively;
FIG. 7 shows Ni of the present application0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Schematic of the preparation method of the material.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The preparation method of the material is implemented by the following steps:
as shown in figure 7, nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate are prepared into a solution a with the concentration of 2mol/L according to the molar ratio of 8:1:1, industrial strong ammonia water is diluted into a solution b with the concentration of 3-5 mol/L, and the industrial strong ammonia water is dilutedReleasing the solution c with the concentration of 5-8 mol/L, and preparing sodium hydroxide into a solution d with the concentration of 3 mol/L; an appropriate amount of ascorbic acid was dissolved in water to form a solution e. Then pouring the solution b and the solution e into a 25L reaction kettle as a base solution, wherein the stirring speed is set to be 200r/min, and the temperature of the reaction kettle is set to be 40-60 ℃. Introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle as protective gas to ensure Mn2+Not oxidized, and the flow rate of nitrogen gas is preferably set to 100 mL/min. When the temperature is increased to the set temperature, the stirring speed is increased to 800r/min, the solution a starts to be pumped, and the adding speed is set to 3 mL/min; then immediately pumping in the solution c, and setting the adding rate to be 2 mL/min; finally, the pH value is controlled between 10 and 13 by controlling the addition amount of the solution d. Taking out the solution after reacting for 50h, filtering, vacuum drying at 80-120 ℃ for 24-48h, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain crude Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material. The crude product is thermally insulated for 2 to 15 hours in a blast drying oven at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 250 ℃ to obtain Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material.
Example 1 high tap Density of Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Preparation of the Material
Preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate into a solution a with the concentration of 2mol/L according to the molar ratio of 8:1:1, diluting industrial strong ammonia water into a solution b with the concentration of 4mol/L, diluting industrial strong ammonia water into a solution c with the concentration of 5mol/L, and preparing sodium hydroxide into a solution d with the concentration of 3 mol/L; an appropriate amount of ascorbic acid was dissolved in water to form a solution e. Then the solution b and the solution e are poured into a 25L reaction kettle as a base solution, the stirring speed is set to be 200r/min, and the temperature of the reaction kettle is set to be 60 ℃. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the reaction vessel as a protective gas, and the flow rate of nitrogen gas was set to preferably 100 mL/min. When the temperature is increased to the set temperature, the stirring speed is increased to 800r/min, the solution a starts to be pumped, and the adding speed is set to 3 mL/min; then immediately pumping in the solution c, and setting the adding rate to be 2 mL/min; finally, the pH value is controlled to be 11 by controlling the addition amount of the solution d. Taking out the solution after reacting for 50h, filtering, vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 24h, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain coarse powderProduct Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material. Keeping the temperature of the crude product in a blast drying oven at 120 ℃ for 10h to obtain Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material.
Performance testing and characterization
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of a sample of example 1, and a diffraction peak is consistent with a diffraction peak of standard card JCPDS (14-117), and has a typical layered structure characteristic of a ternary cathode material. Diffraction peaks in the figure are sharp, which indicates that the crystal form of the sample is relatively complete. The absence of impurity peaks indicates a very high purity of the material.
The table shows the results of atomic emission spectroscopy analysis of the samples of example 1, and analysis of the data shows that the elemental ratios of the samples of example are substantially consistent with those of the samples of example at the beginning of the design. The reliability of this process is more pronounced.
TABLE EXAMPLE 1ICP test
Figure BDA0001907519770000051
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a sample of example 1. Obviously, the samples of the examples have high sphericity and good homogeneity, with a particle size of substantially around 10 microns. The tap density is as high as 2.29g/cm3After mixing the lithium source, the electrochemical properties of the high-nickel ternary cathode material after the treatments such as primary sintering, wet processing, coating secondary sintering and the like are shown in fig. 5: the discharge specific capacity under 0.1C is up to 203.6.mAh g-1The first coulombic efficiency is 89.70%, the capacity retention rate after 500 cycles under a 3.0-4.2V and 1C/1C charge-discharge system is 95%, and the cycle performance is excellent.
Example 2 high tap Density of Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Preparation of the Material
Preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate into a solution a with the concentration of 2mol/L according to the molar ratio of 8:1:1, diluting industrial strong ammonia water into a solution b with the concentration of 5mol/L, diluting industrial strong ammonia water into a solution c with the concentration of 7mol/L, and preparing sodium hydroxide into a solution d with the concentration of 3 mol/L; mixing the right amount ofAscorbic acid dissolves in water to form a solution e. Then the solution b and the solution e are poured into a 25L reaction kettle as a base solution, the stirring speed is set to be 200r/min, and the temperature of the reaction kettle is set to be 50 ℃. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the reaction vessel as a protective gas, and the flow rate of nitrogen gas was set to preferably 100 mL/min. When the temperature is increased to the set temperature, the stirring speed is increased to 800r/min, the solution a starts to be pumped, and the adding speed is set to 3 mL/min; then immediately pumping in the solution c, and setting the adding rate to be 2 mL/min; finally, the pH value is controlled to be 11 by controlling the addition amount of the solution d. Taking out the solution after reacting for 50h, filtering, vacuum drying at 120 ℃ for 24h, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a crude product Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material. Keeping the temperature of the crude product in a blast drying oven at 200 ℃ for 10h to obtain Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material.
Performance testing and characterization
FIG. 2 is the XRD pattern of the sample of example 1, and the diffraction peak is consistent with the diffraction peak of standard card JCPDS (14-117), and has the characteristic of a typical layered structure of a ternary cathode material. Diffraction peaks in the figure are sharp, which indicates that the crystal form of the sample is relatively complete. The absence of impurity peaks indicates a very high purity of the material.
And the second table shows the detection results of the atomic emission spectrometer of the samples in the embodiment, and analysis data can find that the element proportion of the samples in the embodiment is basically consistent with that of the samples in the embodiment at the beginning of design. The reliability of this process is more pronounced.
TABLE II EXAMPLE 2ICP test
Figure BDA0001907519770000061
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of a sample of example 2. Obviously, the samples of the examples have high sphericity and good homogeneity, with a particle size of substantially around 10 microns. The tap density is as high as 2.33g/cm3After mixing the lithium source, the electrochemical properties of the high-nickel ternary cathode material after the treatments such as primary sintering, wet processing, coating secondary sintering and the like are shown in fig. 6: the discharge specific capacity at 0.1C is up to 204.6mA h g-1The first coulombic efficiency is as high as 90.12%, the capacity retention rate after 500 cycles under a charging and discharging system of 3.0-4.2V and 1C/1C is 95%, and the cycle performance is excellent.

Claims (1)

1. High tap density Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The preparation method of the material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate into a solution a with the concentration of 2mol/L according to the molar ratio of 8:1:1, diluting industrial strong ammonia water into a solution b with the concentration of 3-5 mol/L, diluting industrial strong ammonia water into a solution c with the concentration of 5-8 mol/L, and preparing sodium hydroxide into a solution d with the concentration of 3 mol/L; dissolving a proper amount of ascorbic acid in water to form a solution e;
step 2: pouring the solution b and the solution e into a 25L reaction kettle in sequence to be used as base solution, wherein the stirring speed is set to be 200r/min, and the temperature of the reaction kettle is set to be 55 ℃; introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle as protective gas to ensure Mn2+Not oxidized, wherein the flow rate of nitrogen gas is set to 100 mL/min;
and step 3: when the temperature is increased to 40-60 ℃, the stirring speed is increased to 800r/min, the solution a is pumped in, and the adding speed is set to 3 mL/min; then immediately pumping in the solution c, and setting the adding rate to be 2 mL/min; finally, controlling the pH value to be between 10 and 13 by controlling the addition amount of the solution d;
and 4, step 4: taking out the solution after reacting for 50h, filtering, vacuum drying for 24-48h at 80-120 ℃, and then sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a crude product Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material;
and 5: the crude product is thermally insulated for 2 to 15 hours in a blast drying oven at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 250 ℃ to obtain Ni with high tap density0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A material.
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