CN109672180B - Local area power grid harmonic wave comprehensive treatment method based on least square method - Google Patents
Local area power grid harmonic wave comprehensive treatment method based on least square method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a local area power grid harmonic comprehensive treatment method based on a least square method, which is characterized in that the compensation current of an APF (active power filter) is used as an unknown quantity, a matrix relation between the APF compensation current and each point harmonic voltage is established based on the topological structure, the line impedance information and the normal load information of a power grid, the APF optimal compensation current is solved by adopting the matrix least square method, and when the APF operates on line, the corresponding current is controlled and output according to the APF optimal compensation current, so that the local area power grid harmonic voltage comprehensive treatment is completed. The treatment method provided by the invention scientifically utilizes the APF capacity, and the integral harmonic level is optimized by a small amount of APF. In addition, the method is based on current compensation, so that the method has higher response speed, the difficulty of adjusting a local load compensation control structure into a generalized optimal current compensation control structure in engineering is relatively lower in consideration of the similarity of the control structures, and the method has better real-time performance in comprehensive treatment because a complex process of modeling a harmonic source is omitted, can cope with the situation that a power grid is complex and changeable in actual engineering, and has greater engineering significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power quality optimization of a power grid, and relates to a control method for quickly treating power grid harmonic waves by using a parallel active power filter to minimize the integral harmonic wave content of a local power grid.
Background
With the development of power electronics technology in recent years, more and more power electronics devices such as rectifiers, inverters and DC-DC converters are used in a large amount in power grids due to their characteristic of being able to convert electric energy efficiently and conveniently. However, due to the non-linear characteristics of the power electronics itself, the investment in power electronics inevitably creates a large number of non-negligible harmonic problems in the grid, degrading the power quality of the grid.
In order to solve the problems, various power quality management devices are developed, wherein an Active Power Filter (APF) has a good development prospect due to the advantages of flexible compensation, high response speed and the like. The active power filter can be divided into a parallel type and a series type according to the installation mode, wherein the working mode of the parallel active power filter (SAPF) is generally to compensate a problem load in situ, the compensation is carried out in a mode of connecting the active power filter and the load to be treated in parallel, firstly, the harmonic current injected into a power grid by the load is detected, the harmonic component is extracted, then, the harmonic current is inverted and is used as an output instruction of a main circuit, the instruction controls the main circuit to inject the harmonic current opposite to the load into the power grid, so that the total current flowing into the power grid from a connection point does not contain the harmonic component, and the effect of harmonic suppression is achieved. From the filtering point of view, the harmonic components equivalent to the load flow out through the active filter without entering the grid, and are therefore called active power filters.
When the active filter is used for treating concentrated high-power nonlinear loads, a good treatment effect can be obtained. However, for a local area network with a plurality of distributed nonlinear loads, in order to optimize the overall power quality of the network, a plurality of active power filters are required to be controlled simultaneously according to the local compensation method. On one hand, the method is not economical, and on the other hand, if only part of the problem loads are treated, when the installation position and the compensation load are not selected reasonably, the whole power quality of the power grid cannot be guaranteed to be optimized, and in a serious condition, the power quality is even deteriorated compared with the power quality before treatment. Therefore, how to perform system-level comprehensive optimization treatment on the voltage harmonics of the local power grid containing a plurality of distributed nonlinear loads by using a small number of active power filters becomes a problem worthy of research.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a local area power grid harmonic comprehensive treatment method based on a least square method, which can comprehensively treat a power grid distributed with a plurality of harmonic sources, so that the voltage harmonic condition of the whole power grid is improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for comprehensively treating the harmonic waves of the local area power grid based on the least square method comprises the following steps of;
wherein m is the number of nodes, n is the number of nonlinear harmonic source loads, j is the number of APFs, UhFor h times of voltage of each node of the power grid after APF compensation,
for the h-th best compensation current of the APF,
for the h times current of the problematic load,
is the transfer impedance of the APF current to the node voltages,
the transfer impedance of the problematic load current to the voltage of each node;
first, a weight coefficient matrix K of order 3 mx 3m is defined:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(x ═ 1,2 … m), 0 represents a zero matrix of order 3 × 3;
Optionally, in step 1, a real-time monitoring device is installed on each node of the power grid, and voltage and current information of each node is obtained.
Optionally, the method for calculating the line impedance parameters of the adjacent nodes in step 1 is as follows;
wherein Z isabLine impedance from node a to node b, UaAnd UbIs the voltage value of two nodes, IabIs the current from node a to node b.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a local area power grid harmonic comprehensive treatment method based on a least square method, which is characterized in that the compensation current of an APF (active power filter) is used as an unknown quantity, a matrix relation between the APF compensation current and each point harmonic voltage is established based on the topological structure, the line impedance information and the normal load information of a power grid, the APF optimal compensation current is solved by adopting the matrix least square method, and when the APF operates on line, the corresponding current is controlled and output according to the APF optimal compensation current, so that the local area power grid harmonic voltage comprehensive treatment is completed. The treatment method provided by the invention scientifically utilizes the APF capacity, and the integral harmonic level of the power grid is optimized through a small amount of APF. In addition, the method is based on current compensation, so that the method has higher response speed, and the difficulty of adjusting a local load compensation control structure into a generalized optimal current compensation control structure in engineering is relatively small in consideration of the similarity of the control structures.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a seven-node power grid system structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the treatment effects of harmonics 5, 7, 11 and 13 in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a diagram showing the harmonic suppression effect of each node during single compensation;
FIG. 3b is a diagram showing the harmonic suppression effect of each node during two compensations;
FIG. 4a is a graph of APF2 output current for single stage compensation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a graph of APF1 output current for two compensations according to the invention;
FIG. 4c is a graph of APF2 output current for two compensations according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the treatment effect of 5 th, 7 th, 11 th and 13 th harmonics according to the present invention;
FIG. 6a is a graph showing the effect of harmonic suppression at each node during single compensation according to the present invention;
FIG. 6b is a diagram showing the effect of harmonic suppression at each node during two compensations according to the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a graph of APF2 output current for single stage compensation according to the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a graph of APF1 output current for two compensations according to the invention;
fig. 7c is a graph of the output current of APF2 for two compensations according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
An optimal compensation method for a local area power grid harmonic comprehensive treatment active power filter based on a least square method comprises the following steps;
And 2, establishing a matrix relation between the APF compensation current and each point harmonic voltage based on the topological structure of the power grid, line impedance information and normal load information by taking the APF compensation current as an unknown quantity.
And 3, solving by adopting a matrix least square method to obtain the optimal compensation current of the APF which minimizes the harmonic voltage of the power grid to be controlled, and finding that the optimal compensation current is generated by weighting each harmonic source current.
When the APF optimal compensation current is solved, each harmonic source is regarded as a current source, so that complex modeling is avoided, and a voltage equation of a power grid is smoothly established by combining known line impedance and other information. However, in the solution process, there is practically no analytical solution due to the number of APFs, i.e. the dimensional constraints of the unknowns in the equations. However, the solution for the optimal compensation current in the case of determining the number of APFs and the compensation node can still be derived by the least squares method.
The specific process is as follows:
installing a real-time monitoring device on each node of the power grid for acquiring voltage and current information of each node, calculating impedance information according to the voltage and current information, and simultaneously outputting current of a harmonic source
And (4) extracting. The impedance information can be calculated by taking the impedance from node a to node b as an example, and the impedance between two nodes can be obtained by comparing the difference between the voltages of the two nodes with the current between the two nodes.
Wherein Z isabLine impedance from node a to node b, UaAnd UbIs the voltage value of two nodes, IabIs the current from node a to node b;
Assume a three-phase grid with m nodes containing many scattered harmonic sources, with n problem loads (nonlinear harmonic source loads) and j APFs. Replacing these problem loads and APFs with current sources, considering that other parameters in the network (including line impedance, normal load impedance) are known, the arbitrary h-time voltage of each node of the grid can be written as:
in the above formula UhH times of each node of power grid after APF compensationThe voltage is applied to the surface of the substrate,
is the h-time current of the APF,
for the h times current of the problematic load,
is the transfer impedance of the APF current to the node voltages,
for the transfer impedance of the problematic load currents to the respective node voltages, this transfer impedance parameter can be determined directly, since the line impedance and the normal load impedance are known.
If making UhThe value is 0, that is, the h-th harmonic voltage of each node after compensation completely disappears, and there is no analytic solution in practice according to the existence of the linear equation group solution, so that the optimal solution needs to be obtained by using a numerical method.
first, a weight coefficient matrix K of order 3 mx 3m is defined:
wherein
(x ═ 1,2 … m), 0 represents a zero matrix of order 3 × 3.
The optimal compensation current after optimization can be obtained by optimizing and solving the formula (2) by adopting a matrix least square method
The solution is as follows:
it can minimize the expression of the objective function as shown below according to the principle of least squares.
Therefore, the solution of the compensation current obtained by the formula (4) is the non-linear load and a small amount of APF when the power grid contains a large amount of distribution, and the APF outputs the optimal solution of the compensation current when the power grid harmonic voltage is subjected to optimal comprehensive treatment, wherein K is the optimal solution of the compensation currentxThe value of (a) can be adjusted as required, it is worth mentioning that if the problematic load at the installation location of the APF is a non-linear load 1, let k be1When the value is set to 1 and the value is set to 0, the local compensation is performed on the corresponding node 1 by the active power filter, so that the optimal current compensation method can be regarded as a generalized current compensation method.
The invention has better real-time performance in comprehensive treatment because of avoiding the complex flow of modeling the harmonic source, can deal with the complex and changeable situation of the power grid in the actual engineering and has greater engineering significance.
[ results of the invention ]
In order to test the invention, a seven-node power grid system is built in MATLAB/Simulink, and the generalized current optimal compensation effect of a single APF and two APFs is tested. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method in practical engineering, simulation is divided into two parts, the problem load of the first part is formed by the nonlinear load, and the problem load of the second part is formed by the nonlinear load and the unbalanced load, so that the method is closer to the situation of the power grid in the actual operation process.
The problem load is a non-linear load
A seven node grid is shown in fig. 1, which contains 3 normal loads (i.e., linear balanced loads) and 3 problem loads (each load comprising a rectifier nonlinear load). It is contemplated that APFs may be installed at nodes 3 and 7 for comprehensive treatment of harmonics throughout the grid. The system parameters are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 System parameters
And carrying out comprehensive treatment simulation of a single APF and two APFs, wherein the instruction of the APF is 0 in 1.2s to 1.3s and represents the initial uncompensated condition, the APF works in a local load compensation mode for comparison in 1.3s to 1.4s, and the APF works in a generalized optimal current compensation mode provided by the invention in 1.4s to 1.5 s. The specific results are shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4. Wherein OF represents a measure OF harmonic content, defined as formula (6):
fig. 2 shows the harmonic comprehensive levels of the whole power grid 5, 7, 11, 13, and it can be seen that the overall harmonic level is deteriorated rather than being uncompensated under the local load compensation, and it is noted that for the 11 th and 13 th harmonics, the deterioration of the harmonic level by the two APF local load compensations is much better than that by the single APF, which again indicates that for the power grid containing widely dispersed problematic loads, the local load compensation cannot guarantee the treatment effect when the number of devices is insufficient. And when the generalized optimal current compensation is used, the whole harmonic level of the power grid is effectively reduced by a single or two APFs.
In fig. 3a and 3b, the overall harmonic level variation OF each node is given based on the index OF. As can be seen, the harmonic level of the system as a whole is rather further deteriorated in the phase of using local load compensation. However, when the generalized optimal current compensation is used, the harmonic combination level of the system is effectively improved no matter whether the APF is single or two APFs.
In summary, the effect of the comprehensive optimization compensation is better than that of the load local compensation, but as shown in fig. 4a, 4b and 4c, the output currents of the APF2, APF1 and APF2 are respectively in the single compensation and in the two compensations, it can be seen that the output current of the APF is larger in the comprehensive optimization compensation relative to the local load compensation, that is, the APF with larger capacity is needed, but the difference of the current magnitudes is understandable and acceptable in consideration of the effect of the equivalence of the comprehensive compensation and the local compensation.
Problem loads are nonlinear loads and unbalanced loads
Even if the power grid simultaneously contains unbalanced loads, the method can also realize comprehensive treatment on harmonic voltage and test the effect. A seven-node grid was still constructed as shown in fig. 1, which contained 3 normal loads (i.e., linear balanced loads), 3 problem loads (each load comprising a rectifier nonlinear load and an unbalanced load connecting two phases). The mounting position of the APF is the same as that of the APF (one), and the system parameters are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 System parameters
And performing multi-target comprehensive treatment simulation of a single APF and two APFs according to the parameters, wherein the simulation process is the same as that of the simulation process (I), the instruction of the APF is 0 from 1.2s to 1.3s and represents the initial uncompensated condition, the APF works in a local load compensation mode from 1.3s to 1.4s, and the APF works in a generalized optimal current compensation mode from 1.4s to 1.5 s. The specific results are shown in fig. 5 and 6.
Fig. 5 shows the harmonic comprehensive levels of 5 th, 7 th, 11 th and 13 th orders of the whole power grid, under local load compensation, the overall harmonic level is deteriorated compared with that without compensation, and when generalized optimal current compensation is used, the single or two APFs effectively reduce the overall harmonic level of the power grid.
In fig. 6a and 6b, the overall harmonic level variation OF each node is given based on the index OF. As can be seen, the harmonic level of the system as a whole is rather further deteriorated in the phase of using local load compensation. However, when the generalized optimal current compensation is used, the harmonic combination level of the system is effectively improved no matter whether the APF is single or two APFs.
From this, even if the problem load includes an unbalanced load, the comprehensive optimization compensation is still effective, and the treatment effect is significantly better than the local compensation of the load, but as shown in fig. 7a, 7b, and 7c, the output currents of APF2, APF1, and APF2 are respectively at the time of single compensation and at the time of two compensations, it can be seen that the output current of APF is larger at the time of comprehensive optimization compensation compared to the local load compensation, which again explains that the demand of comprehensive optimization compensation for the APF capacity is higher. To illustrate the effect of unbalanced load on the output current, the effective values of the current output by each phase of the APF in the above different cases are given in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 currents for different compensation cases
From the table, since the problem load includes the unbalanced load, the three-phase current output by the APF is also asymmetric, and meanwhile, as in the case of (one), the output current during the comprehensive optimization compensation is larger than the local compensation of the load, but the effect is better.
In conclusion, comprehensive testing is obtained through simulation of comprehensive treatment of the seven-node power grid and generalized optimal current compensation. The result shows that in the power grid with a plurality of problem loads, if the number of treatment equipment is insufficient, the local load compensation may not ensure the treatment effect, but the generalized optimal current compensation method provided by the invention scientifically utilizes the APF capacity and enables the integral harmonic level to be optimal through a small amount of APF. In addition, the method is based on current compensation, so that the method has higher response speed, and the difficulty of adjusting a local load compensation control structure into a generalized optimal current compensation control structure in engineering is relatively small in consideration of the similarity of the control structures.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The local area power grid harmonic comprehensive treatment method based on the least square method is characterized by comprising the following steps of;
step 1, obtaining impedance parameters of a power grid and normal load parameters of the power grid according to voltage and current parameters of the power grid to be treated;
step 2, listing a voltage equation of each node of the power grid according to the voltage, current and impedance parameters obtained in the step 1, wherein the formula is as follows;
wherein m is the number of nodes, n is the number of nonlinear harmonic source loads, j is the number of APFs, UhFor h times of voltage of each node of the power grid after APF compensation,
for the h-th best compensation current of the APF,
is the h times current of the nonlinear harmonic source load,
is the transfer impedance of the APF current to the node voltages,
transfer resistance of load current of nonlinear harmonic source to voltage of each nodeResisting;
step 3, solving the voltage equation in the step 2 by adopting a matrix least square method to obtain the optimal compensation current
Specifically solving the following steps;
first, a weight coefficient matrix K of order 3 mx 3m is defined:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
0 represents a zero matrix of order 3 × 3;
step 4, repeating the steps 2-3 until all the sub-optimal compensation currents of the harmonic waves to be compensated are completed
The optimal compensation current of each harmonic order is added to obtain the final compensation current IAPFWhen APF is in on-line operation, the final compensating current I is utilizedAPFAnd controlling the APF to output corresponding compensation current to complete the comprehensive treatment of the harmonic voltage of the local area power grid.
2. The local area power grid harmonic wave comprehensive treatment method based on the least square method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, a real-time monitoring device is installed on each node of the power grid to obtain voltage and current information of each node.
3. The local area power grid harmonic comprehensive treatment method based on the least square method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the calculation method of the line impedance parameters of the adjacent nodes in the step 1 is as follows;
wherein Z isabLine impedance from node a to node b, UaAnd UbIs the voltage value of two nodes, IabIs the current from node a to node b.
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Citations (3)
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| CN105548718A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-04 | 南瑞（武汉）电气设备与工程能效测评中心 | System harmonic impedance calculation method based on mixed overall least square method |
| CN106443285A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-02-22 | 济南大学 | Multi-harmonic-source harmonic contribution quantitative analysis method based on total-least square method |
| CN107147121A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-08 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of virtual resistance type active power filtering control strategy based on least square method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105548718A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-04 | 南瑞（武汉）电气设备与工程能效测评中心 | System harmonic impedance calculation method based on mixed overall least square method |
| CN106443285A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-02-22 | 济南大学 | Multi-harmonic-source harmonic contribution quantitative analysis method based on total-least square method |
| CN107147121A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-08 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of virtual resistance type active power filtering control strategy based on least square method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| Fast calculation method for rectifier matrix model and its application in optimised control of SAPF for network-wide harmonic suppression;Hao Zhai 等;《IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution》;20180426;第12卷(第8期);第1897-1905页 * |
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