CN109670651A - Energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method based on exploitation - Google Patents
Energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method based on exploitation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method based on exploitation, belongs to energy extraction and environment protection field.The present invention solves current to material to be mined environmental pollution and energy consumption problem, drip irrigation device are as follows: determines the gross profit to material to be mined；Determine ecological benefits target；Determine the production constraint and investment and recovery to material to be mined in recovery process；Determine corresponding dynamic transfer equation；General multiple target world model is determined to the gross profit of material to be mined, ecological benefits target, production constraint and dynamic transfer equation according to determining；General multiple target world model is converted into specific single goal model, if converting successfully, specific single goal model is solved, general multiple target world model is otherwise converted to by single goal model by building fuzzy object and is solved.The present invention can reduce disposal of pollutants total amount and energy consumption in such a way that technological investment and management optimization combine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy extraction and environment protection fields, in particular to the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization based on exploitation
The field of decision optimization method.
Background technique
Multistage decision optimisation technique is a kind of optimisation technique for dynamic decision problem.Its main thought is according to reality
The dynamic feature of border decision problem determines the division in stage and the decision variable and state variable in each stage, and structure respectively
It builds the constraint condition of objective function and decision variable and reflects the state transition equation of decision variable and state variable relationship, shape
At multistage decision Optimized model, and design the technology that corresponding algorithm is solved.
Multiobiective decision optimum technology is the optimisation technique measured from many aspects with multiple indexs to a scheme.Its
Main thought is to be weighed to multiple either contradictory targets of not very coordinating and make optimizing decision.It is solving practical problems
When, only consider the optimal often unpractical of one aspect, most of the time optimal often can satisfy many aspects
The scheme of demand, therefore, multiple objective programming have effect outstanding for solving practical problems.
The improvement of technology and management aspect is always emission reduction and energy-efficient main means.Technological improvement can generate ecology
Significant impact, but need to carry out great amount of investment on time and money.It is easier to implement although management improves, effect is auxiliary
Property, the target improved for great environmental is seldom.Therefore, it can consider by the Combinatorial Optimization that technology and management improve integration
It is the optimal path that maximum ecological benefits are obtained with least fund and time investment.The pollution species generated due to coal mining activities
Type is different, needs concentrated investment to carry out improved technology, Optimizing manufacture must mutually be coordinated with environmental investment.
A large amount of exhaust gas, waste water, solid waste are generated in progress of coal mining, while also consuming a large amount of energy, in order to
Reducing coal mining to influence caused by environment, government formulates a series of energy-saving and emission-reduction policy requirements to coal mining, from
And the level of ecology exploitation is promoted to fall to force coal mine to take appropriate measures.In the case, environmental investment and production adjust all
By as main means come help coal mine reach government energy-saving and emission-reduction requirement.In general, environmental investment is mainly for two
Aspect: first is that discharge is reduced, first is that energy saving.Emission reduction project is separated into three classes again: pollutant is directly reduced on source
Generation, pollutant generate after administered, collect pollutant process after be used as resource reutilization.Energy-saving Projects are then mainly needle
Energy use efficiency in progress of coal mining is promoted.And coal mining yield is to directly affect disposal of pollutants and the energy
The principal element of consumption, is adjusted yield, also quickly can directly achieve energy-saving and emission reduction purposes.Therefore, coal mine management
Person needs while considering that ecology and economic benefit go to guarantee the sustainable development of coal mining.
However in the process of implementation, how effectively coal mine has to the lance between balanced economy and ecological benefits in face of
Shield, economy and ecological benefits conflict and internal and external environment fluctuation are referring to Fig. 1 in mine energy conservation emission reduction, wherein coal mining needs
It consumes the energy and generates pollutant, discharge and energy consumption can fast and effeciently be reduced by reducing yield, but also result in coal simultaneously
The reduction of mine profit, has a negative impact to economic benefit.Environmental investment can promote the middle energy use efficiency of coal mining,
And the generation or discharge of pollutant are reduced, but project investment needs a large amount of capital investment, project operation can also be generated into
This, to be had an impact to economic benefit.Coal mine manager be difficult by certain unidirectional operation come and meanwhile guarantee ecology and warp
Ji benefit.
Furthermore under Ecological Investment problem, coal mine manager also should dynamically consider whole system simultaneously.Firstly, ecological coal mine
Exploitation is the process gradually promoted, environmental investment need the time play a role as a result, and in this process, external rings
Border be not yet it is unalterable, coal price risk and policy change all can economy to coal mine and ecological benefits cause shadow
It rings.Coal mine needs to reduce based on market fluctuation come coordination strategy its negative effect that may be generated to number one.Coal mine simultaneously
The key factor of internal system equally also changes during this, mainly the emission reduction ability and energy-saving efficiency of coal mine.So
And different projects is usually all with different project durations, and project competence exertion can only also act in the finished, coal mine management
Person is difficult to arrange these projects simultaneously.Based on these investments and the question of market, it is necessary to entire period is divided into several stages, with
Just the emission reduction that more accurately determines and energy saving capability preferably control disposal of pollutants and energy consumption.
Summary of the invention
The energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method based on exploitation that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of, solution
It is certainly current to material to be mined environmental pollution and energy consumption problem.
The present invention solves its technical problem, the technical solution adopted is that: the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic based on exploitation is equal
Weigh decision optimization method, includes the following steps:
Step 1, the determining gross profit to material to be mined；
Step 2 determines ecological benefits target, i.e., discharge and the energy of pollutant are determined according to the evaluation index of corresponding pollutant
The consumption in source, and corresponding ecological income is realized on the basis of the discharge of determining pollutant and the consumption of the energy；
Step 3, determining production constraint and investment and recovery to material to be mined in recovery process；
Step 4 determines corresponding dynamic transfer equation；
Step 5, according to determining to the gross profit of material to be mined, ecological benefits target, production constraint and dynamic transfer
Equation determines general multiple target world model；
General multiple target world model is converted to specific single goal model by step 6, if converting successfully, to tool
The single goal model of body is solved, and general multiple target world model is otherwise converted to single goal by building fuzzy object
Model is solved.
Further, in step 1, described to material to be mined is coal mine.
Particularly, in step 1, before determining coal mine gross profit, it need to consider coal production income, production cost, library
It is saved as sheet, project investment cost, Project in Operation cost and project investment income；
The coal production income in each stage is coal unit price PtWith coal supply amount StProduct Pt×St, coal mine
Energy consumption needed for unit is mined is denoted as UECj(t), a certain stage, the total energy cost of coal mine be expressed as consumed by all energy at
This summationWhereinIt is price of the energy j in the t stage, xtIt is the coal mining output in t stage,
And other production costs caused by mining areTherefore, total production cost of per stage isTotal inventory cost is coal unit inventory carrying costWith multiplying for actual inventory I (t)
Product
For the emission reduction project k of pollutant i, for construction time drikFor a unit or shorter (drik≤ 1) project,
Investment construction is in case of in the t stage, then it will also be completed in the t stage, cost of investment is expressed as ERIik1×
yikt, wherein ERIik1It is the required cost of investment in the project k for pollutant i in the first stage of investment construction, yiktThen
The investment decision for indicating the emission reduction project for every pollutant in t stage is more than a chronomere for the construction period
Project, that is, drik>=1, it is assumed that the last stage begins to build for it for gross investment of the project k when the t stage starts, but in t rank
The also unfinished project of section also needs input summation in this stage, therefore, as 1≤drikIt is traceable earliest when≤t
To t-drikThe decision in stage, so t stage gross investment is to work as drikWhen >=t, determining to the 1st stage can be traced earliest
Plan, so the overall cost of ownership of current generation isSo in any stage, total emission reduction investment
For
Coal mine per stage total cost of investment are as follows:
Project in Operation profit is expressed as unit profit Bikt-CiktWith the amount AER of the pollutant of total processingiktProduct
The time cost r of consideration fundt, the gross profit expression of coal mine are as follows:
Further, in step 2, when the ecological benefits target determines, function gi(CPEi(t)) it is used to indicate to pollute
The emission reduction validity evaluation index of object i, function uj(UECj(t)) it is used to indicate the efficiency assessment index that energy j is saved, passes through
All energy conservations are allowed to maximize whole ecological benefits with the minimum ecological benefits maximum in emission reduction project, and logical such as formula table
Show:
Particularly, in step 3, the production constraint include gross recovery constraint, producing capacity constraint, social responsibility about
Beam and stock ability constraint, the investment and recovery includes using limited fund and not stackable technological investment constrains；
The gross recovery constraint refers to that total mining amount must not exceed the reserves R that mines of coal minemax, total mining limitation can
To be indicated by following formula:
Wherein, γ is the rate of extraction；
The producing capacity constraint refers to that total mining amount of coal mine is no more than its mining capacity in each decision phase
AE, mining amount is depending on plan mining amount xt, while also being influenced by rate of extraction γ, so mining capacity limitation is as follows:
The social responsibility constraint refers to that current yield should at least be greater than minimum social demand plus quantity in stock:T ∈ Θ, whereinFor the coal losses rate from coal washing coal separation process, the coal mine society to be met
Minimum requirements
The stock ability constraint refers to the coal for being deposited in coal yard no more than maximum stock ability AI, therefore stock ability
Constraint representation are as follows:
I(t)≤AI,t∈Θ；
The gross investment TCI for referring to each stage using limited fundtAll no more than the available money of current generation
This AM (t), it may be assumed that
TCIt≤AM(t),t∈Θ
The not stackable technological investment constraint are as follows:
Further, in step 4, the state transition equation include storage controlling, the control of available capital fund,
Accumulative emission reduction capability control and the control of unit energy saving capability；
In storage controlling, the quantity in stock in each stage is that the summation of previous stage quantity in stock and Current production subtracts and is at present
Meet the market demand and sells StCoal, it may be assumed that
Wherein St=min { Dt,I(t-1)+xtIndicate that the current generation is supplied to city
The coal quantity of field；
In the available capital fund control, the available risk capital in each stage includes surplus capital on last stage
Real value summation (1+rt-1)×(AM(t-1)-TCIt-1) and current generation newly-increased capital Mt, it is expressed as follows:
AM (1)=M1,
AM (t)=Mt+(1+rt-1)×(AM(t-1)-TCIt-1),t∈Θ；
In the accumulative emission reduction capability control, the emission reduction project k of pollutant i, whereinIt is only complete in stage t
At construction when, just can the emission reduction ability to coal mine make new contribution, so, as t≤drikWhen, project k completes not yet, because
This, its contribution IT to emission reduction abilityiktIt is 0, as t >=drik, stage t-drikInvestment decision directly affect ITikt, whenWhen, indicate that project k can be completed in stage t, and new emission reduction ability can be contributed, it otherwise, will be not new
Emission reduction ability is generated from project k to contribute to pollutant i, therefore, the new emission reduction ability IT that every phased project k is generatediktIt can
To indicate are as follows:
Wherein PTikIt is per unit emission reduction project k
The emission reduction ability to pollutant i that can contribute of investment；
Therefore, until stage t, the actual unit emission reduction ability of coal mine isAnd pollutant i is controlled
Reason ability isSo the accumulative emission reduction CER of pollutant ii(t) be a upper phase accumulative emission reduction CERi
(t-1) plus the emission reduction that this phase increases newly, it may be assumed that
Wherein, in the 0th rank
Section, emission reduction project do not complete also, and adding up emission reduction is CERi(0)=0；
In the unit energy saving capability control, the energy saving capability of the new contribution of the Energy-saving Projects l of energy j in stage t, it may be assumed thatWherein, ESjlIt is the throwing of per unit Energy-saving Projects l
Money can contribute to the energy saving capability of energy j；
Therefore, in stage t, actual unit energy saving capability be last energy saving capability and current newly-increased energy saving capability and,
That is:
Particularly, in step 5, the general multiple target world model are as follows:
Further, step 6 specifically comprises the following steps:
General multi-objective Model is converted to specific single goal mould by step 601, the concrete condition according to locating for problem
Type；If converting successfully, 603 are entered step, otherwise enters step 602；
Multi-objective Model is converted to single goal model by building fuzzy object by step 602, specifically:
Step 6021, the optimal solution for calculating separately each targetAnd acceptable worst target is specified by policymaker
Value
Step 6022, the membership function for determining each target in model: μξ(fξ(x,y,z))；
Step 6023, by the subordinating degree function to each target be weighted summation by multiple targeted integrations be a mesh
Mark, converts single goal model for multi-objective Model with regard to this；
Step 603, the optimal value that single goal model is calculated using improved PSO, specifically:
Step 6031, initialization population, the particle group size are N；
Step 6032, the fitness value for assessing each particle (X, Y, Z), and optimal individual optimal value is selected to save as
Pbest, optimal history optimal value saves as gbest, and corresponding (X, Y, Z) is saved as (x*, y*, z*)；
The speed V of step 6033, more new particle and new position；
If step 6034, fitness meet the condition of convergence, step 6035 is gone to, otherwise, jumps to step 6032；
Step 6035, output (x*, y*, z*) optimal solution as single goal model, gbest is as optimal objective value；
Step 604, output (x*, y*, z*) satisfactory solution as multiple objective function, gbest is as being satisfied with target value.
Particularly, step 6033 specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 60331 calculates all particle rapidity V by the speed more new formula of standard particle group's algorithm；
Step 60332, production plan part particle directly pass through standard particle group's algorithm Position Updating formula progress
It updates, the update mechanism that the particle Y and Z of environmental investment part then pass through dual particle group's algorithm updates respectively.
The invention has the advantages that passing through the above-mentioned energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization side based on exploitation
Method establishes a multiple target dynamic model come the strategy of optimize the environment investment and production adjustment to balance ecology and economic effect
Benefit, and realize better emission reduction and energy-saving effect.In this model, the economy of manager and Ecological Target attempt to realize entire
The gross profit in period maximizes, and plays the validity of emission reduction and the energy to the maximum extent.In this mode, mainly consider
Three kinds of emission reduction investments: mining technique project investment is subtracted with reducing pollution sources source discharge by the harmful substance in removal waste
The processing technique of the end discharge of of low pollution object, and recycle technology of the waste as resource.First item investment reduces
The generation of pollutant, Section 2 and Section 3 investment reduce the discharge of the pollutant generated；However, the first and second
Kind of investment types can not bring direct yield for coal mine, and the third investment types then can be with.In addition, energy-saving investment passes through drop
Low production cost and obtain positive economy return.Therefore, in order to describe environmental investment and turn of the market to economy and Ecological Effect
The influence of benefit, the model use Dynamic Programming, realize Ecological Target by controlling accumulative emission reduction and unit source efficiency, with
Previous environmental investment model is compared, the model have more comprehensively with the structure of system, wherein coordinate production and environmental investment meter
It draws to seek global optimal solution, and better coordination is adjusted to ensure that using dynamic.By considering different context terms
Mesh, the model have wider applicability, therefore management level can be helped to select most suitable investment project, to ensure economy
With the higher precision of Ecological Target.Additionally, it is contemplated that different Item durations and interim capital investment, to ensure mould
Type is more practical, so that management level be enable preferably to control actual emission reduction and energy-saving effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is economy and ecological benefits conflict and internal and external environment fluctuation in mine energy conservation emission reduction；
Fig. 2 is the cost of investment in t stage under different duration project constructions；
Fig. 3 is the dynamic structure schematic diagram influenced for coal mine Ecological Investment on Ecological Target；
Fig. 4 is subordinating degree function schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is particle update mechanism schematic diagram under the Integrated Algorithm of standard and dual particle group's algorithm；
Fig. 6 is the improvement particle swarm algorithm flow chart of interactive fuzzy programming.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to examples and drawings, the technical schemes of the invention are described in detail.
Energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method of the present invention based on exploitation, includes the following steps:
Step 1, the determining gross profit to material to be mined；
Step 2 determines ecological benefits target, i.e., discharge and the energy of pollutant are determined according to the evaluation index of corresponding pollutant
The consumption in source, and corresponding ecological income is realized on the basis of the discharge of determining pollutant and the consumption of the energy；
Step 3, determining production constraint and investment and recovery to material to be mined in recovery process；
Step 4 determines corresponding dynamic transfer equation；
Step 5, according to determining to the gross profit of material to be mined, ecological benefits target, production constraint and dynamic transfer
Equation determines general multiple target world model；
General multiple target world model is converted to specific single goal model by step 6, if converting successfully, to tool
The single goal model of body is solved, and general multiple target world model is otherwise converted to single goal by building fuzzy object
Model is solved.
In the above method, in step 1, when determining the gross profit, i.e. economic benefit target to material to be mined: based on market
The primary goal of coal mine is to realize highest profit.But before determining coal mine profit, it is necessary to take into account coal production is received
Enter, production cost, inventory cost, project investment cost, Project in Operation cost and project investment income.Production plan is to profit
Influence is embodied in production imcome, in cost and inventory cost.The coal production income in each stage is coal unit price PtWith
Coal supply amount StProduct Pt×St.In general, total coal production cost can be expressed as multiplying for unit cost and coal total output
Product.But after Energy-saving Projects implementation, energy consumption UEC needed for coal mine unit is minedj(t) it reduces, the energy that corresponding unit is mined
Cost will reduce, and with the continuous investment of project and completion, the energy saving capability of coal mine is changed always.Each rank
Section Energy Consumption Cost is likely to the presence of difference, needs to calculate separately.Therefore, a certain stage, the total energy cost of coal mine can
To be expressed as the summation of consumed all energy costsWhereinIt is energy j in the t stage
Price, xtIt is the coal mining output in t stage.And other production costs caused by mining areTherefore, per stage is total
Production cost beTotal inventory cost is coal unit inventory carrying costWith actual library
The product of storage I (t)
Influence of the investment plan to profit is embodied in cost of investment and Project in Operation profit.Emission reduction and Energy-saving Projects are being built
If in the process, requiring to inject capital at the beginning of each stage.But when having different constructions due to each project
Between, cost cannot be expressed simply as the linear product of scale of investment and specific investment cost cost.To be directed to the emission reduction item of pollutant i
For mesh k, for construction time drikFor a unit or shorter (drik≤ 1) project, investment construction is in case of in t rank
Section, then it will also be completed in the t stage, cost of investment is expressed as ERIik1×yikt, wherein ERIik1It is for pollution
Required cost of investment of the project k of object i in the first stage of investment construction, yiktThen indicate the dirty for items of t stage
Contaminate the investment decision of the emission reduction project of object.It is more than the project (dr an of chronomere for the construction periodik>=1), then project k
The last stage begins to build for it for gross investment when the t stage starts, but in t stage also unfinished project in this rank
Section also needs input summation.This means that total cost of investment in any stage is all by early stage rank in construction period
The influence of Duan Suoyou decision.Here two different situations are specifically divided into again, as 1≤drikWhen≤t, can be traced earliest to t-
drikThe decision in stage, so t stage gross investment isWork as drikWhen >=t, it can be traced earliest
The decision in the 1st stage, so the overall cost of ownership of current generation isSo in any stage, always
Emission reduction investment beUnder different duration project constructions the investment in t stage at
This is referring to fig. 2.
This relationship is equally applicable to energy-saving investment project, therefore the cost of investment that coal mine per stage is total are as follows:
Project in Operation can also generate income while generating cost.Project in Operation profit can be expressed as unit profit Bikt-
CiktWith the amount AER of the pollutant of total processingiktProduct
Based on above description, while considering the time cost r of fundt, the gross profit of coal mine is expressed as
In step 2, determine ecological benefits target, i.e., according to the evaluation index of corresponding pollutant determine pollutant discharge and
The consumption of the energy, and corresponding ecological income is realized on the basis of the discharge of determining pollutant and the consumption of the energy；Specifically
, in order to protect environment, coal mine wishes to reduce pollutant emission and energy consumption.However, the government of country variant have it is different
Emission reduction and energy-saving ecological performance evaluation index, or have multiple evaluation indexes to certain pollutants.Therefore, function gi(CPEi(t))
For indicating the emission reduction validity evaluation index and function u of pollutant ij(UECj(t)) it is used to indicate the validity that energy j is saved
Evaluation index.gi() and ujEmbodying for () can be determined according to local laws and regulations.
Maximum ecological benefits are realized due to being difficult to all contaminants and the energy, to maximize whole Ecological Effect
Benefit realizes this target by allowing all energy saving minimum ecological benefits maximums in emission reduction projects, as shown by the equation:
In step 3, signified production constraint includes:
(1) gross recovery constrains -- and total mining amount must not exceed the reserves R that mines of coal minemax.Further, since underground coal
The technology and cost of mine exploitation limit, and inevitably there are some losses in coal mining, therefore actual production will consider back
Adopt rate γ.Total mining limitation can be indicated by following formula:
(2) producing capacity constrains -- and in each decision phase, total mining amount of coal mine is no more than its mining capacity AE.It adopts
Mine amount depends on plan mining amount xt, while also being influenced by rate of extraction γ；So mining capacity limitation is as follows:
(3) social responsibility constrains -- since coal has special status in terms of ensuring national economy safety and stabilization,
Coal mine output should meet social production Minimum requirements.In addition, the coal losses rate from coal washing coal separation processIt is inevitable
's.Therefore, if coal mine will meet social primary demandSo current yield should at least be greater than plus quantity in stock
Minimum social demand:
(4) stock ability constrains -- and coal production coal is simultaneously sold on the market, and unsold coal is stacked as inventory
In coal yard.Clearly as being deposited in the coal of coal yard no more than maximum stock ability AI, therefore:
I(t)≤AI,t∈Θ
Investment and recovery includes:
(1) using limited fund -- the available risk capital in each stage limits energy conservation and the throwing of emission reduction project
Decision is provided, because of the gross investment TCI in each stagetAll no more than the available capital AM (t) of current generation, that is, it is exactly
TCIt≤AM(t),t∈Θ。
(2) not stackable technological investment constraint -- emission reduction or energy-efficient technology are cannot to pass through overlapping investment from source
Carry out chronergy superposition, it means that coal mine cannot achieve higher emission reduction or EC energy conservation energy by investing same technique repeatedly
Power.Therefore, for these technologies, otherwise it is exactly the waste to fund that coal mine, which need to only invest once,.
In step 4, signified dynamic transfer equation includes:
(1) if storage controlling -- available coal is lower than the market demand, and current inventory is zero, because of all coals
Charcoal will all be sold for meet demand.Therefore, the quantity in stock in each stage is the summation of previous stage quantity in stock and Current production
It subtracts and sells S Wei the market demand is met at presenttCoal:
Here St=min { Dt,I(t-1)+xtIndicate that the current generation is supplied to city
The coal quantity of field.
(2) available capital fund control --- the available risk capital in each stage is surplus capital on last stage
The summation of real value: (1+rt-1)×(AM(t-1)-TCIt-1) and current generation newly-increased capital Mt, it is expressed as follows:
AM (1)=M1,
AM (t)=Mt+(1+rt-1)×(AM(t-1)-TCIt-1),t∈Θ。
It is (3) accumulative that emission reduction capability control --- coal mine must monitor accumulative pollution reduction amount, and in each stage tune
Whole investment and production strategy, to guarantee that the emission reduction rate of entire period kept government standard compared with a upper phase.In the present invention, shape
State transfer function is for the behavioral characteristics in descriptive model, and state variable is for describing accumulation emission reduction.
(1 arrives the emission reduction project k of pollutant i), it, just can emission reduction ability to coal mine only when stage t completes to construct
Make new contribution.So as t≤drikWhen, project k completes not yet, therefore, its contribution IT to emission reduction abilityiktIt is 0.
As t >=drik, stage t-drikInvestment decision directly affect ITikt, whenWhen indicate project k can be complete in stage t
At, and new emission reduction ability can be contributed；Otherwise, have and generate not new emission reduction ability to contribute to dirt from project k
Contaminate object i.Therefore, the new emission reduction ability IT that every phased project k is generatediktIt can indicate are as follows:
Wherein, PTikIt is per unit emission reduction project
The emission reduction ability to pollutant i that the investment of k can contribute.
Therefore, until stage t, the actual unit emission reduction ability of coal mine isAnd pollutant i is controlled
Reason ability isSo the accumulative emission reduction CER of pollutant ii(t) be a upper phase accumulative emission reduction CERi
(t-1) plus the emission reduction that this phase increases newly:
Obviously, in the 0th stage, emission reduction project does not complete also, and adding up emission reduction is CERi(0)=0.
(4) unit energy saving capability controls --- and energy consumption is related with efficiency；Therefore, Energy-saving Projects reduce per unit coal
Energy consumption needed for charcoal production.The energy saving capability of the new contribution of the Energy-saving Projects l of energy j in stage tWherein, ESjlIt is the throwing of per unit Energy-saving Projects l
Money can contribute to the energy saving capability of energy j.Therefore, in stage t, actual unit energy saving capability is last energy saving capability and work as
Phase increases the sum of energy saving capability newly:
In step 5, when general multiple target world model establishes: the description based on front, the present invention establish more than one
Target dynamics model come optimize the environment investment and production adjustment strategy with balance ecology and economic benefit, and realize preferably subtract
Row and energy-saving effect.In this model, the economy of manager and Ecological Target attempt to realize that the gross profit of whole cycle is maximum
Change, and plays the validity of emission reduction and the energy to the maximum extent.In this mode, mainly considers three kinds of emission reduction investments: adopting
Mine technological project is invested to reduce pollution sources source discharge, is arranged by the end that the harmful substance in removal waste reduces pollutant
The processing technique put, and recycle technology of the waste as resource.First item, which is invested, reduces the generation of pollutant, and second
Item and Section 3 investment reduce the discharge of the pollutant generated；However, the first and second of investment types can not
Direct yield is brought for coal mine, and the third investment types then can be with.In addition, energy-saving investment is obtained by reducing production cost
Positive economy return.Therefore, in order to describe the influence of environmental investment and turn of the market to economy and ecological benefits, which is adopted
With Dynamic Programming, Ecological Target is realized by controlling accumulative emission reduction and unit source efficiency, for coal mine Ecological Investment pair
The dynamic structure schematic diagram that Ecological Target influences is referring to Fig. 3.
Compared with previous environmental investment model, the model have more comprehensively with the structure of system, wherein coordinate production and
Environmental investment plan is adjusted to ensure that better coordination using dynamic to seek global optimal solution.By considering not
Same Environmental Projects, the model have wider applicability, therefore management level can be helped to select most suitable investment project,
To ensure the higher precision of economy and Ecological Target.Additionally, it is contemplated that different Item durations and interim capital are thrown
Money, to ensure that model is more practical, so that management level be enable preferably to control actual emission reduction and energy-saving effect.
It, can be according to the specific of coal mine when being applied to actual Coal Mine Problems since the model is a universal model
Situation is translated into specific model.Specifically, function gi(CPEiAnd u (t))j(UECjIt (t)) can be based on local section
Can emission reduction policy embodied, it is specific as follows:
(1) fuzzy goal programming
In order to solve this multi-objective Model, fuzzy goal programming is taken to invention and converts list for multi-objective Model
Object module facilitates solution.In the model, since economy and Ecological Target have different dimensions, cannot directly make
It is handled with weighted sum scalarization.The targeted transformation of different dimensions can be fuzzy object and corresponding by fuzzy goal programming (FGP)
Membership function, may then pass through minimize realistic objective value degree of membership and optimal objective value degree of membership between deviation
Weighted average allow the actual target value to draw close to optimal objective value.That is in fuzzy object, the mesh that solves
Target degree of membership and the degree of membership of optimal objective are closer, illustrate that the target value and optimal objective value are closer, under the target value
Solution it is also better.In this approach, policymaker (DMs) can be pursued most by pursuing the highest degree of membership of each target
Excellent target value, and primal objective function can equivalently be expressed as degree of membership of the realistic objective functional value relative to optimal value.By
In membership on same dimension, this method can solve the weighted sum scalarization problem of different dimensions in model.
Firstly, calculating the optimal solution of each targetAnd DM determines worst-case value acceptable for target ξFrom
In can determine fuzzy objectAnd their membership function is to be shown below:
Its subordinating degree function schematic diagram is referring to fig. 4.
Concept based on fuzzy number, fuzzy object also are indicated as
Wherein, auxiliary variableWithIt is each target
Minus deviation and overgauge variable between practical satisfactory level and expectation satisfactory level.
It, can be negative between practical satisfactory level and each hope satisfactory level by weighting using the concept of fuzzy object
Multi-objective Model is converted simple target model by deviation, as shown by the equation:
Wherein auxiliary variable ωξIt is the significance level of target ξ,S is the feasible zone of world model.Pass through minimum
Change the weighted sum of these deviations, the policymaker available one integrally satisfied solution close to optimal solution.
(2) standard and dual particle group's algorithm
Simultaneously because comprising a large amount of nonlinear restriction and mixing integer decision variable in model, present invention employs one
Modified particle swarm optiziation solves.Production plan needs continuous variable Dynamic Programming, and investment plan needs discrete variable dynamic
State planning.When energy-saving and emission-reduction model would be integrated into a system, the difficulty for finding optimal solution is consequently increased.This
Outside, due to coal production be in practice it is complicated, be difficult to express constraint condition with linear math equation, and use
Traditional method for precisely solving is difficult to solve.Therefore, this problem is solved using Heuristic Intelligent Algorithm.
The Heuristic Intelligent Algorithm applied extensively at present includes genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, ant group algorithm etc..Its
Middle particle swarm algorithm (PSO) possesses than other evolution algorithms to the faster convergence rate of certain problems.Particle swarm algorithm will not be by
To the successional undue influence of objective function, because it is using primary mathematical operator, even if in static state, noisy and continuous variation
Environment in can also obtain good result.Another advantage of PSO is that only seldom parameter needs to adjust, and is held when in use
Easily realize.Since particle swarm algorithm is easy to operate and algorithm validity is strong, it has been widely used in control system, policy branch
It learns, the network optimization, Renewable Energy Development, the fields such as data clusters, is also showed when solving the nonlinear problem of real world
Good effect out.
However the MIXED INTEGER decision variable contained in model particle swarm algorithm carry out particle update iteration when, Wu Fatong
When keep its numerical characteristic, the update mechanism of particle swarm algorithm is only applicable to continuous variable, and discrete variable after the updating can not
Guarantee its discrete type, so that not can guarantee the solution acquired is to meet the feasible solution of model needs, therefore, the present invention calculates population
Method has carried out certain improvement.
In order to improve computational efficiency, the present invention is using standard particle group algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithm based on antithesis
Combinational algorithm solves the model.In this combinational algorithm, standard PSO is for solving the life that decision variable is continuous variable
Plan is produced, and the particle swarm algorithm based on antithesis is used for the investment plan that decision variable is discrete variable.Standard particle group's algorithm
Difference between the particle swarm algorithm based on antithesis is particle update mechanism.In standard PSO, come more using following formula
The position and speed of new each particle:
Wherein, τ indicates the number of iterations.
Inertia weight simultaneouslyHere T is maximum number of iterations.
And particle swarm algorithm based on antithesis updates and is based on two kinds of elements: primitive element (forward direction) and the element that opposes are (non-just
To).Velocity element will be classified as according to sign symbol primitive element (forward direction speed) and opposition element (negative sense speed), into
When row particle updates, changes will occur for not all particle, but the element of maximum probability is selected in primitive element, gives
The particle position of its corresponding position adds 1；The element for selecting maximum probability in opposition element simultaneously, by its corresponding position element
Subtract 1, particle update mechanism schematic diagram is referring to Fig. 5 under the Integrated Algorithm of standard and dual particle group's algorithm.
Step 6 specifically comprises the following steps:
General multi-objective Model is converted to specific single goal mould by step 601, the concrete condition according to locating for problem
Type；If converting successfully, 603 are entered step, otherwise enters step 602；
Multi-objective Model is converted to single goal model by building fuzzy object by step 602, specifically:
Step 6021, the optimal solution for calculating separately each targetAnd acceptable worst target is specified by policymaker
Value
Step 6022, the membership function for determining each target in model: μξ(fξ(x,y,z))；
Step 6023, by the subordinating degree function to each target be weighted summation by multiple targeted integrations be a mesh
Mark, converts single goal model for multi-objective Model with regard to this；
Step 603, the optimal value that single goal model is calculated using improved PSO, specifically:
Step 6031, initialization population, the particle group size are N；
Step 6032, the fitness value for assessing each particle (X, Y, Z), and optimal individual optimal value is selected to save as
Pbest, optimal history optimal value saves as gbest, and corresponding (X, Y, Z) is saved as (x*, y*, z*)；
The speed V of step 6033, more new particle and new position；
Step 60331 calculates all particle rapidity V by the speed more new formula of standard particle group's algorithm；
Step 60332, production plan part particle directly pass through standard particle group's algorithm Position Updating formula progress
It updates, the update mechanism that the particle Y and Z of environmental investment part then pass through dual particle group's algorithm updates respectively；
If step 6034, fitness meet the condition of convergence, step 6035 is gone to, otherwise, jumps to step 6032；
Step 6035, output (x*, y*, z*) optimal solution as single goal model, gbest is as optimal objective value；
Step 604, output (x*, y*, z*) satisfactory solution as multiple objective function, gbest is as being satisfied with target value.
Embodiment
The prototype of the embodiment of the present invention is the coal mine of 8.1 square kilometres of seat surface product, and 100,000,000 tons of recoverable reserves, annual capacity is super
Cross 200,000,000 tons.In mining process, the main energy sources element of consumption is electric power, petroleum and raw coal, and discharge of major pollutant is coal
Spoil, waste water, coal mine gas and flyash, the improvement particle swarm algorithm flow chart of interactive fuzzy programming is referring to Fig. 6.2015
Year, local government has put into effect coal mine emission reduction and power conservation requirement: gross contamination emission reduces 5% than last, unit pollutant row
It high-volume needs to reduce by 5% than initial with specific energy consumption.The affiliated company of the coal mine originally established coal mine gas company, development and utilization
Coal mine gas, therefore possessed advanced desulfurization and denitrogenated technology, therefore coal mine only needs to lay stress on and reduces main coal mine
Exploit pollutant；Gangue, waste water and flyash.Data description.The master data of the coal mine comes from affiliated company annual report, such as table
Shown in 1 and 2.Emission reduction that pollutant emission situation and energy consumption situation and coal mine have been formed and energy saving capability data by
Obtained by the report of coal mine engineering department, detection department report and Finance Department, as shown in table 3.Coal mine in 2016 to 2020
The main blowdown energy consumption condition and fund technical level system current according to coal mine by coal mine administrative staff of alternative investment project
It is fixed.Wherein each project is then obtained the contribution of pollution reduction and energy conservation by technical specialist's assessment, is also listed in table 3 respectively
In 4.And the energy cost of coal mine, production cost, coal price, various required energy prices, inventory cost, bank rate,
Cities' field parameters such as market demand obtain by market department and Finance Department according to historical data prediction, as shown in table 5.
Model conversation:
In this case, since China is still developing country, economic development is still the primary goal of enterprise, coal mine
Decision is preferentially carried out according to profit.But since its further object is to realize to subtract described in local government's statement of the policy
Row and energy saving policy standard, therefore Ecological Target can be converted into constraint condition.Since the Ecological Target of the coal mine will reach most
The policy requirements of lower bound degree, therefore universal model can be converted into the concrete model for the case in this case.
Wherein, S is the feasible zone of model, and α and β are the total amount of pollutant and unit emission reduction rate minimum standard of government's publication；
ω is the minimum standard of unit fractional energy savings.RjIt is the conversion ratio that the energy j of a unit is converted to standard coal.ERRtIt (t) is real
The total emission reduction rate in border, ERRuIt (t) is effective unit emission reduction rate rate, ECRuIt (t) is effective unit fractional energy savings.UitIt is upper period t rank
The total amount of the pollutant i of section discharge.
As a result it calculates:
Using the more mesh proposed by the present invention mutually coordinated for gas product flow readjustment in mine energy conservation emission reduction engineering with environmental investment
Mark multi-stage modeling technology models the example problem, and uses standard proposed by the present invention and dual particle cluster preconceived plan
Method solves model, and the results are shown in Table 6.
As can be seen from Table 6, coal mine year produces 230.64,213.5,164.70,169.17 Hes from the 1st year to the 5th respectively
208.92 ten thousand tons of coals；1st year investment gangue emission reduction project 3, waste water discharge-reducing project 1 and electric power energy-saving project 4 simultaneously；Second
The gangue emission reduction project 1 and 4 and electric power energy-saving project 1 in year；3rd year investment gangue emission reduction project 3 and electric power energy-saving item
Mesh 2；4th year investment gangue emission reduction project 3；5th year investment flyash emission reduction project 3.In order to verify in different policy conditions
Under, model and validity carry out sensitivity analysis to it, when total emission reduction standard α from 0.05 to 0.1 and 0.15 optimal strategy,
The best coal production amount of coal mine decreased significantly, and investment plan then only has the adjustment of very little.Correspondingly, the profit of coal mine from
6695.67 million yuan 106 yuan drop to 6493.51 million yuan and 62279.16 million yuan.
Unit emission reduction standard β from 0.05 increase to 0.06 and 0.07 when, emission reduction project investment obviously with it is this variation and
Increase and on time dimension in advance, and Energy-saving Projects investment is in time then relatively late.As β higher, yield can phase
There is larger adjustment with answering.When entire coal mine effective unit emission reduction rate can be improved to 6%, coal mine profit is 4354.82 yuans,
When being increased to 7%, profit is 4100.88 yuans.
Unit fractional energy savings ω from 0.05 increase to 0.15 and 0.25 during, the investment of Energy-saving Projects obviously increases, and
Production plan is adjusted in time.Coal mine can get profit 6692.88 ten thousand when realizing that unit fractional energy savings reaches 15%
Member, when realizing that unit fractional energy savings reaches 25%, obtainable generate profit is 4067.09 ten thousand yuan.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Claims (9)
1. the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method based on exploitation, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, the determining gross profit to material to be mined；
Step 2 determines ecological benefits target, i.e., discharge and the energy of pollutant are determined according to the evaluation index of corresponding pollutant
Consumption, and corresponding ecological income is realized on the basis of the discharge of determining pollutant and the consumption of the energy；
Step 3, determining production constraint and investment and recovery to material to be mined in recovery process；
Step 4 determines corresponding dynamic transfer equation；
Step 5, according to determining to the gross profit of material to be mined, ecological benefits target, production constraint and dynamic transfer equation
Determine general multiple target world model；
General multiple target world model is converted to specific single goal model by step 6, if converting successfully, to specific
Single goal model is solved, and general multiple target world model is otherwise converted to single goal model by building fuzzy object
It is solved.
2. the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method according to claim 1 based on exploitation, feature
Be, in step 1, it is described to material to be mined be coal mine.
3. the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method according to claim 2 based on exploitation, feature
It is, in step 1, before determining coal mine gross profit, need to considers that coal production income, production cost, inventory cost, project are thrown
Provide cost, Project in Operation cost and project investment income；
The coal production income in each stage is coal unit price PtWith coal supply amount StProduct Pt×St, coal mine unit adopts
Energy consumption needed for coal is denoted as UECj(t), a certain stage, the total energy cost of coal mine are expressed as the total of consumed all energy costs
WithWhereinIt is price of the energy j in the t stage, xtIt is the coal mining output in t stage, and adopts
Other production costs caused by coal areTherefore, total production cost of per stage isTotal inventory cost is coal unit inventory carrying costWith multiplying for actual inventory I (t)
Product
For the emission reduction project k of pollutant i, for construction time drikFor a unit or shorter (drik≤ 1) project, investment are built
If, then it will also be completed in the t stage, cost of investment is expressed as ERI in case of in the t stageik1×yikt, wherein
ERIik1It is the required cost of investment in the project k for pollutant i in the first stage of investment construction, yiktThen indicate t
The investment decision of the emission reduction project for every pollutant in stage, the project for being more than a chronomere for the construction period are
drik>=1, it is assumed that the last stage begins to build for it for gross investment of the project k when the t stage starts, but the t stage also not
Finished item also needs input summation in this stage, therefore, as 1≤drikWhen≤t, can be traced earliest to t-
drikThe decision in stage, so t stage gross investment is to work as drikWhen >=t, the decision to the 1st stage can be traced earliest, so
The overall cost of ownership of current generation isSo in any stage, total emission reduction investment is
Coal mine per stage total cost of investment are as follows:
Project in Operation profit is expressed as unit profit Bikt-CiktWith the amount AER of the pollutant of total processingiktProduct
The time cost r of consideration fundt, the gross profit expression of coal mine are as follows:
4. the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method according to claim 3 based on exploitation, feature
It is, in step 2, when the ecological benefits target determines, function gi(CPEi(t)) it is used to indicate the emission reduction validity of pollutant i
Evaluation index, function uj(UECj(t)) be used to indicate energy j save efficiency assessment index, by allow it is all energy conservation and emission reductions
Minimum ecological benefits maximum in project maximizes whole ecological benefits, and logical as formula indicates:
5. the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method according to claim 4 based on exploitation, feature
It is, in step 3, the production constraint includes gross recovery constraint, producing capacity constraint, social responsibility constraint and stock ability
Constraint, the investment and recovery includes using limited fund and not stackable technological investment constrains；
The gross recovery constraint refers to that total mining amount must not exceed the reserves R that mines of coal minemax, always mining limits and can lead to
Crossing following formula indicates:
Wherein, γ is the rate of extraction；
The producing capacity constraint refers to that total mining amount of coal mine is no more than its mining capacity A in each decision phaseE, mining
Amount depends on plan mining amount xt, while also being influenced by rate of extraction γ, so mining capacity limitation is as follows:
The social responsibility constraint refers to that current yield should at least be greater than minimum social demand plus quantity in stock:Wherein,For the coal losses rate from coal washing coal separation process, the coal mine society to be met
Minimum requirements
The stock ability constraint refers to the coal for being deposited in coal yard no more than maximum stock ability AI, therefore stock ability constrains
It indicates are as follows:
I(t)≤AI,t∈Θ；
The gross investment TCI for referring to each stage using limited fundtAll no more than the available capital AM of current generation
(t), it may be assumed that
TCIt≤AM(t),t∈Θ
The not stackable technological investment constraint are as follows:
6. the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method according to claim 5 based on exploitation, feature
It is, in step 4, the state transition equation includes storage controlling, the control of available capital fund, accumulative emission reduction ability control
System and the control of unit energy saving capability；
In storage controlling, the quantity in stock in each stage is that the summation of previous stage quantity in stock and Current production subtracts at present to meet
The market demand and sell StCoal, it may be assumed that
Wherein St=min { Dt,I(t-1)+xtIndicate that the current generation is supplied to market
Coal quantity；
In the available capital fund control, the available risk capital in each stage includes the reality of surplus capital on last stage
Summation (the 1+r of border valuet-1)×(AM(t-1)-TCIt-1) and current generation newly-increased capital Mt, it is expressed as follows:
AM (1)=M1,
AM (t)=Mt+(1+rt-1)×(AM(t-1)-TCIt-1),t∈Θ；
In the accumulative emission reduction capability control, the emission reduction project k of pollutant i, whereinOnly applied in stage t completion
Working hour, just can the emission reduction ability to coal mine make new contribution, so, as t≤drikWhen, project k completes not yet, therefore, it
To the contribution IT of emission reduction abilityiktIt is 0, as t >=drik, stage t-drikInvestment decision directly affect ITikt, work as yik(t-drik)=
When 1, indicate that project k can be completed in stage t, and new emission reduction ability can be contributed, otherwise, by not new emission reduction ability
It is generated from project k to contribute to pollutant i, therefore, the new emission reduction ability IT that every phased project k is generatediktIt can indicate
Are as follows:
Wherein PTikIt is the throwing of per unit emission reduction project k
Provide the emission reduction ability to pollutant i that can be contributed；
Therefore, until stage t, the actual unit emission reduction ability of coal mine isAnd the improvement energy to pollutant i
Power isSo the accumulative emission reduction CER of pollutant ii(t) be a upper phase accumulative emission reduction CERi(t-
1) plus the emission reduction that this phase increases newly, it may be assumed that
Wherein, in the 0th stage, subtract
Row's project does not complete also, and adding up emission reduction is CERi(0)=0；
In the unit energy saving capability control, the energy saving capability of the new contribution of the Energy-saving Projects l of energy j in stage t, it may be assumed thatWherein, ESjlIt is the throwing of per unit Energy-saving Projects l
Money can contribute to the energy saving capability of energy j；
Therefore, in stage t, actual unit energy saving capability be last energy saving capability and current newly-increased energy saving capability and, it may be assumed that
7. the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method according to claim 6 based on exploitation, feature
It is, in step 5, the general multiple target world model are as follows:
8. the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method according to claim 7 based on exploitation, feature
It is, step 6 specifically comprises the following steps:
General multi-objective Model is converted to specific single goal model by step 601, the concrete condition according to locating for problem；If
It converts successfully, then enters step 603, otherwise enter step 602；
Multi-objective Model is converted to single goal model by building fuzzy object by step 602, specifically:
Step 6021, the optimal solution for calculating separately each targetAnd acceptable worst target value is specified by policymaker
Step 6022, the membership function for determining each target in model: μξ(fξ(x,y,z))；
Step 6023, by the subordinating degree function to each target be weighted summation by multiple targeted integrations be a target,
Single goal model is converted by multi-objective Model with regard to this；
Step 603, the optimal value that single goal model is calculated using improved PSO, specifically:
Step 6031, initialization population, the particle group size are N；
Step 6032, the fitness value for assessing each particle (X, Y, Z), and optimal individual optimal value is selected to save as pbest, most
Excellent history optimal value saves as gbest, and corresponding (X, Y, Z) is saved as (x*, y*, z*)；
The speed V of step 6033, more new particle and new position；
If step 6034, fitness meet the condition of convergence, step 6035 is gone to, otherwise, jumps to step 6032；
Step 6035, output (x*, y*, z*) optimal solution as single goal model, gbest is as optimal objective value；
Step 604, output (x*, y*, z*) satisfactory solution as multiple objective function, gbest is as being satisfied with target value.
9. the energy-saving and emission-reduction various dimensions dynamic equalization decision optimization method according to claim 8 based on exploitation, feature
It is, step 6033 specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 60331 calculates all particle rapidity V by the speed more new formula of standard particle group's algorithm；
Step 60332, production plan part particle directly pass through standard particle group's algorithm Position Updating formula and be updated,
The update mechanism that the particle Y and Z of environmental investment part then pass through dual particle group's algorithm updates respectively.
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Application publication date: 20190423 |