CN109669207A - Utilize the method for lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum - Google Patents
Utilize the method for lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the method using lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum, comprising: (1) establishes neutron and the energy distribution function relationship of middle subcharacter γ energy peak net count and neutron fluence that inelastic scattering generates occurs for detector:φ(Ei) be neutron energy spectrum to be measured i-th can group neutron fluence；For neutron with79Br、81Br and139The jth kind feature γ that inelastic scattering generates occurs for La can peakNet count；The jth kind feature γ generated for detector to inside can peakIntrinsic full energy peak detection efficient；It is E for energyiNeutron and kth kind nucleic react generate jth kind feature γ can peak reaction cross-section；The nucleon number that jth kind is reacted occurs with neutron for kth kind nucleic in crystal；Pji(Ei) it is the probability that i-th energy group's neutron participates in the reaction of jth kind；(2) for subcharacter γ energy peak in obtained j kind, j response equation is established, and form equation group；(3) subcharacter γ energy peak is to different-energy neutron E in determiningiReceptance function；(4) analytic equation group.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiation detections, environmental monitoring technology field, in particular to a kind of to utilize lanthanum bromide detector measurement
The method of Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum.
Background technique
Neutron energy spectrum data are nuclear physics basic research, reactor control, Space Particle detection, radiation from machine field, spoke
One of the important parameter for needing to measure in protection design is penetrated, is the important content of neutron detection.
According to different neutron Source Types and application purpose, neutron spectrum measurement method is roughly divided into two major classes: first is that from
The monochromatic neutron beam of particular energy is isolated in continuum neutron beam, cooperation multichannel time analyzer is to obtain neutron ray
Energy distribution, corresponding measurement method has neutron velocity selector, Neutron diffractometer and time-of-flight spectrometer etc., is chiefly used in
The neutron spectrum measurement of large-scale nuclear physics experiment device and reactor, wherein time-of-flight method is flown over a certain by measurement neutron
The time of selected distance determines neutron energy, be neutron spectrum measurement most directly, most classical, most efficient method, be widely applied
In accurate nuclear physics experiment, radiation from machine field, Fusion Neutron spectral measurement, but since time-of-flight method needs in accurate provide
The departure time and arrival time of son, therefore radiation proof neutron spectrum measurement can not be directly used in.Second is that according to difference
Energy neutron generates unlike signal in detector to obtain the energy distribution information of incident neutron beam, corresponding measurement method
Including the proton method of nuclear recoil, nuclear reaction method, multi-detector and threshold detector etc., it is chiefly used in environmental radiation, radiation from machine field, anti-
Heap control, Fusion Neutron power spectrum etc. is answered to measure.The proton method of nuclear recoil is to develop more perfect method, and the detector of development has
Nuclear emulsion, hydrogeneous proportional counter tube, plane film semiconductor, organic scintillator, telescope etc..The method of nuclear recoil is opposite by measurement
Incident neutron power spectrum is determined in the Energy distribution of the recoil nucleus being emitted in a certain narrow angular region of neutron beam incident direction, therefore
Certain geometrical condition is needed, limits its application on neutron spectrum measurement to a certain extent.Nuclear reaction method passes through institute
The total energy of a particle measurement neutron energy spectrum of generation is unrelated with the neutron incident direction reacted is caused, therefore does not need to be pre-collimated
Beamlet is suitble to non-point source neutron spectrum measurement, and energy resolution is high, and suitable nuclear reaction has3H (n, d) T and6Li(n,α)T.But
Since condition of the spectrometer to nuclear reaction is more demanding, required electronic circuit is complex, the spectral measurement being chiefly used in laboratory.
More ball spectrometers are the multi-detector measurement most common methods of neutron energy spectrum, by thermal neutron sensitive detector and a series of different-thickness
Slow body spherical shell composition, have the characteristics that isotropism, energy response range are wide, easy to operate, be widely used in size selective sampling, add
Fast device radiation field, laboratory constant current neutron source spectral measurement, are chiefly used in the lower environment of neutron-flux level, are usually used in neutron energy
Amount is lower than the radiation field of 20MeV.More ball spectrograph techniques are mature, but its moderating sphere is too many, and measurement is time-consuming, and portability is poor, is radiating
It is inconvenient for use in the routine monitoring in protection field.
Lanthanum bromide detector is a kind of novel inorganic scintillator detector that developed recently gets up, energy resolution it is high (<
3%, for 662keV gamma-rays), detection efficient is high, temporal resolution is good, be widely used in gamma spectrum measurement, in nuclear resounce
The fields such as fluorescence detection, explosive detection, nuclear medicine, environs radiation monitoring, space radiation detection, fusionplasma
Very good effect is achieved in application study.Lanthanum bromide detector is mainly made of lanthanum bromide crystal, and component is main
Including La and Br, consider from natural isotopic abundance, mainly139La,79Br and81Br, three kinds of nucleic are stable nuclide.When
When neutron is incident on lanthanum bromide crystalline material, neutron can react with crystal, exactly elasticity can occur with three kinds of heavy nucleus
Scattering, inelastic scattering and radiation capture reaction.It is shown according to the nuclear data depositary published, is more than certain in neutron energy
Threshold value after, inelastically scattered probability occurs with the increase of energy, rises rapidly, reaches as high as 2.5b.Inelastic scattering is anti-
The product answered is the smaller neutron of energy and the target nucleus for having certain kinetic energy.These target nucleus are in excitation state, and when de excitation releases γ
Ray, such as79Br (n, n ' γ)79mBr,79mBr de excitation can release the gamma-rays that energy is 217keV.These gamma-ray energy
Be it is known, can be obtained by the nuclear data depositary published.In addition, neutron respectively with139La,79Br and81Non-ballistic occurs for Br
Property scattering the threshold of reaction can also be obtained by nuclear data depositary with reaction cross-section.In view of lanthanum bromide detector itself is to gamma-rays
Good response performance, these gamma-rays can be detected and be differentiated by detector.
In recent years, go deep into research, foreign study person pass through experimental studies have found that, detected based on neutron and lanthanum bromide
The gamma-rays that inelastic scattering generates occurs for device, realizes neutron energy spectrum by multichannel time analyzer using flying time technology
Measurement, to the detection efficient of the neutron of 700keV up to 5%.Itself from detector, which is better than other to list
The neutron detector of type.But above-mentioned detection method is to be based on flying time technology, is not particularly suited for radiation protection field, wherein
The acquisition of sub- power spectrum is that the neutron based on different-energy leaps difference the time required to a certain accurate distance, when by measuring its flight
Between compose, neutron is leapt and is converted to neutron energy the time required to selected distance so that it is determined that neutron energy is distributed.This method needs
Extremely accurate distance controlling, and accurately start time and end of time of the record neutron in flying distance, and need to borrow
Other large-scale instruments are helped, this is clearly that cannot achieve in radiation protection field.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to solve at least some of the technical problems in related technologies.For this purpose, of the invention
One purpose is to propose that a kind of method using lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum, this method pass through straight
It connects measurement neutron and lanthanum bromide detector occurs the feature γ energy peak that inelastic scattering generates and realizes detection using spectrum unscrambling algorithm
Direct measurement of the device to Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum.
In one aspect of the invention, lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron is utilized the invention proposes a kind of
The method of power spectrum.According to an embodiment of the invention, the described method includes:
(1) it establishes neutron and the middle subcharacter γ energy peak net count and neutron that inelastic scattering generates occurs for lanthanum bromide crystal
Functional relation equation between the Energy distribution of fluence is as shown in Equation 1:
Wherein, φ (Ei) be neutron energy spectrum to be measured i-th can group neutron fluence, cm-2；
For neutron with79Br、81Br and139The jth kind feature γ that inelastic scattering generates occurs for La can peakIt is net
It counts；
It can peak to the jth kind feature γ generated inside it for detectorIntrinsic full energy peak detection efficient；
It is E for energyiNeutron react with kth kind nucleic generate subcharacter γ in jth kind can peak it is anti-
Answer section, cm2；
The nucleon number that jth kind is reacted occurs with neutron for kth kind nucleic in lanthanum bromide crystal；
Pji(Ei) it is the probability that i-th energy group's neutron participates in the reaction of jth kind；
(2) subcharacter γ energy peak in the j kind obtained for detector measurement, establishes j response equation, and form equation
Group:
(3) determine that subcharacter γ energy peak is to different-energy neutron E in every kindiReceptance function
(4) as shown in Equation 2 by following interactive alternative manner analytic equation group:
Wherein,For radiation weighting factor, it is calculated by the following formula:
εjFor the uncertainty for measuring obtained middle subcharacter γ energy peak net count；
For the energy distribution function of preset neutron fluence；
By survey Neutron Radiation Field neutron fluence Energy distribution.
Method according to an embodiment of the present invention using lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum be based on into
The gamma-ray physical mechanism of de excitation known to inelastic scattering generation energy can be occurred with bromine core and lanthanum core by hitting son, utilize bromine
Change the nuclear reaction products of lanthanum itself and neutron, subcharacter γ can be between peak net count and the Energy distribution of neutron fluence in foundation
Functional relation equation is realized by the net count at subcharacter γ energy peak in measurement using the Spectra Unfolding Methods of interactive mode iterative calculation
The direct measurement of surveyed radiation field neutron energy spectrum.
In addition, the side according to the above embodiment of the present invention using lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum
Method can also have the following additional technical features:
In some embodiments of the invention, in step (3), detection is calculated by the method for Monte Carlo simulation
Device can peak to the jth kind feature γ generated inside itIntrinsic full energy peak detection efficientAccording to the close of lanthanum bromide crystal
Degree, volume, mass percent and natural abundance of isotopes shared by nucleic calculate separately to obtain in crystal79Br、81Br and139The nucleon number of LaIt is E using the energy obtained in nuclear data depositaryiNeutron and kth kind nucleic react and generate jth
The reaction cross-section at a middle subcharacter γ energy peakCalculating i-th by the method for Monte Carlo simulation can group's neutron participation jth
The probability P of kind reactionji(Ei)。
In some embodiments of the invention, it in step (3), by the method for Monte Carlo simulation, directly obtains every
Receptance function of the energy peak subcharacter γ to the monoenergetic neutrons of different-energy in kind
Additional aspect and advantage of the invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partially become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Detailed description of the invention
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the invention and advantage will become from the description of the embodiment in conjunction with the following figures
Obviously and it is readily appreciated that, in which:
Fig. 1 is the method stream using lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum of one embodiment of the invention
Journey schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the basic composed structure schematic diagram of lanthanum bromide detector；
Fig. 3 is the environmental exact details spectrum and measurement that embodiment lanthanum bromide detector measurement obtains241Am-Be neutron source obtains
Power spectrum；
Fig. 4 is241In the iso standard spectrum of Am-Be neutron source and the Neutron Radiation Field to be measured for using embodiment method to obtain
Sub- power spectrum.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, it is intended to is used to explain the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In one aspect of the invention, lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron is utilized the invention proposes a kind of
The method of power spectrum.According to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to Fig. 1, this method comprises:
S100: establishing neutron and the middle subcharacter γ energy peak net count of inelastic scattering generation occurs for lanthanum bromide crystal in
Functional relation equation between the Energy distribution of sub- fluence
In the step, specifically, establishing the middle subcharacter γ energy that neutron and lanthanum bromide crystal generation inelastic scattering generate
Functional relation equation between peak net count and the Energy distribution of neutron fluence is as shown in Equation 1:
Wherein, φ (Ei) be neutron energy spectrum to be measured i-th can group neutron fluence, cm-2；
For neutron with79Br、81Br and139The jth kind feature γ that inelastic scattering generates occurs for La can peakIt is net
It counts, the calculation method that γ full energy peak peak area can be used obtains；
It can peak to the jth kind feature γ generated inside it for detectorIntrinsic full energy peak detection efficient, can lead to
The method for crossing Monte Carlo simulation obtains；
It is E for energyiNeutron react with kth kind nucleic generate subcharacter γ in jth kind can peak react
Section, cm2, can inquire to obtain by IAEA nuclear data depositary；
The nucleon number that jth kind is reacted occurs with neutron for kth kind nucleic in lanthanum bromide crystal, according to lanthanum bromide crystal
Density, volume, mass percent and natural abundance of isotopes shared by nucleic calculate separately to obtain；
Pji(Ei) it is the probability that i-th energy group's neutron participates in the reaction of jth kind, it is calculated by the method for Monte Carlo simulation
It arrives.
S200: j response equation is established, and form equation in subcharacter γ energy peak in the j kind obtained for detector measurement
Group
In the step, the equation group of composition is
S300: determine that the energy peak subcharacter γ (total j kind) is to different-energy neutron E in every kindiReceptance function
In the step, it is special to the jth kind generated inside it that detector is calculated by the method for Monte Carlo simulation
Levying γ can peakIntrinsic full energy peak detection efficientAccording to quality percentage shared by the density of lanthanum bromide crystal, volume, nucleic
Than and natural abundance of isotopes calculate separately to obtain in crystal79Br、81Br and139The nucleon number of LaUtilize Nuclear Data
The energy obtained in library is EiNeutron and kth kind nucleic react generate subcharacter γ in j-th can peak reaction cross-sectionThe probability P that i-th energy group's neutron participates in the reaction of jth kind is calculated by the method for Monte Carlo simulationji(Ei)。
In the step, by the method for Monte Carlo simulation, directly obtain in every kind subcharacter γ can peak to different-energy
Monoenergetic neutrons receptance function
S400: pass through following interactive alternative manner analytic equation group
It is as shown in Equation 2 by following interactive alternative manner analytic equation group in the step:
Wherein,For radiation weighting factor, it is calculated by the following formula:
εjFor the uncertainty for measuring obtained middle subcharacter γ energy peak net count, generally takeSquare root, ifIt is 0, then εjTake 1；
For the energy distribution function of preset neutron fluence；
By survey Neutron Radiation Field neutron fluence Energy distribution.
Method according to an embodiment of the present invention using lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum be based on into
The gamma-ray physical mechanism of de excitation known to inelastic scattering generation energy can be occurred with bromine core and lanthanum core by hitting son, utilize bromine
Change the nuclear reaction products of lanthanum itself and neutron, subcharacter γ can be between peak net count and the Energy distribution of neutron fluence in foundation
Functional relation equation is realized by the net count at subcharacter γ energy peak in measurement using the Spectra Unfolding Methods of interactive mode iterative calculation
The direct measurement of surveyed radiation field neutron energy spectrum.
Below with reference to specific embodiment, present invention is described, it should be noted that these embodiments are only to describe
Property, without limiting the invention in any way.
Embodiment
Using 3in × 3in lanthanum bromide detector (LaBr3: Ce), basic composed structure is as shown in Figure 2；Neutron source is chosen
Americium beryllium neutro ource (241Am-Be neutron source).
Specific implementation process is as follows:
1) lanthanum bromide detector is placed on241It measures, measures in the Neutron Radiation Field that Am-Be neutron source is formed
The gamma spectrum arrived is as shown in Figure 3.Choose neutron with79Br、81Br and1396 kinds of feature γ energy that inelastic scattering generates occur for La
Peak is calculated the net count at every kind of γ energy peak, is included in table 1 using the method for Gauss curve fitting and linear background.Americium beryllium neutro ource and bromine
Changing lanthanum crystal and the feature γ energy peak that inelastic scattering generates occurs includes but is not limited to above-mentioned energy value.
2) receptance function parameters value is calculated separately:
A) 3 inches of lanthanum bromide detectors are calculated to 6 kinds generated inside it using the method for Monte Carlo simulation
The intrinsic full energy peak detection efficient at feature γ energy peak, is included in table 1.
The feature γ that 1 3in of table × 3in lanthanum bromide detector generates inside can peak detection efficient
B) mass percent according to shared by the density of 3 inches of lanthanum bromide crystal, volume, nucleic and isotope is natural rich
Degree is calculated in crystal79Br、81Br and139The nucleon number of La.
C) it is E that energy is obtained from IAEA nuclear data depositaryiNeutron react respectively with three kinds of nucleic generation the 1st~6
The reaction cross-section at subcharacter γ energy peak in kind, calculates 100 groups of list energy in the section 0~10MeV using the method for Monte Carlo simulation
Neutron participates in the probability of jth kind reaction.
3) 6 3in × 3in lanthanum bromide detectors are established to the receptance function equation of americium beryllium neutro ource based on formula (1), and
Form equation group.
4) using the method for formula (2), (3), analytic equation group, wherein preset spectrum is241The standard of Am-Be neutron source
Spectrum.Parse obtained result as shown in figure 4, Neutron Radiation Field as to be measured neutron energy spectrum.
According to Fig. 4 measured result it is found that the feature γ energy that inelastic scattering generates occurs using neutron and lanthanum bromide crystal
Receptance function relationship between the net count and neutron energy spectrum at peak can be obtained by the net count at subcharacter γ energy peak in measurement
Energy distribution, that is, neutron energy spectrum of the neutron fluence of tested radiation field.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
It must be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in office
It can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiment or examples.In addition, without conflicting with each other, the skill of this field
Art personnel can tie the feature of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
It closes and combines.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, modifies, replacement and variant.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method using lanthanum bromide detector measurement Neutron Radiation Field neutron energy spectrum characterized by comprising
(1) it establishes neutron and the middle subcharacter γ energy peak net count and neutron fluence that inelastic scattering generates occurs for lanthanum bromide crystal
Energy distribution between functional relation equation it is as shown in Equation 1:
Wherein, φ (Ei) be neutron energy spectrum to be measured i-th can group neutron fluence, cm-2；
For neutron with79Br、81Br and139The jth kind feature γ that inelastic scattering generates occurs for La can peakNet count；
It can peak to the jth kind feature γ generated inside it for detectorIntrinsic full energy peak detection efficient；
It is E for energyiNeutron react with kth kind nucleic generate subcharacter γ in jth kind can reacting for peak cut
Face, cm2；
The nucleon number that jth kind is reacted occurs with neutron for kth kind nucleic in lanthanum bromide crystal；
Pji(Ei) it is the probability that i-th energy group's neutron participates in the reaction of jth kind；
(2) subcharacter γ energy peak in the j kind obtained for detector measurement, establishes j response equation, and form equation group:
(3) determine that subcharacter γ energy peak is to different-energy neutron E in every kindiReceptance function
(4) as shown in Equation 2 by following interactive alternative manner analytic equation group:
Wherein,For radiation weighting factor, it is calculated by the following formula:
εjFor the uncertainty for measuring obtained middle subcharacter γ energy peak net count；
For the energy distribution function of preset neutron fluence；
By survey Neutron Radiation Field neutron fluence Energy distribution.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein passing through the method meter of Monte Carlo simulation in step (3)
It calculates and obtains detector to the jth kind feature γ energy peak generated inside itIntrinsic full energy peak detection efficientAccording to bromination
The density of lanthanum crystal, volume, mass percent and natural abundance of isotopes shared by nucleic calculate separately to obtain in crystal79Br、81Br and139The nucleon number of LaIt is E using the energy obtained in nuclear data depositaryiNeutron and kth kind nucleic occur it is anti-
The reaction cross-section at subcharacter γ energy peak in j-th should be generatedIt is calculated in the i-th energy group by the method for Monte Carlo simulation
Son participates in the probability P of jth kind reactionji(Ei)。
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), by the method for Monte Carlo simulation,
Directly obtain subcharacter γ in every kind can peak to the receptance function of the monoenergetic neutrons of different-energy
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| CN111896994A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-06 | 北京大学 | Method for measuring fast neutron energy spectrum based on diamond detector |
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