CN109664050A - A kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending - Google Patents
A kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending Download PDFInfo
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- CN109664050A CN109664050A CN201910145799.6A CN201910145799A CN109664050A CN 109664050 A CN109664050 A CN 109664050A CN 201910145799 A CN201910145799 A CN 201910145799A CN 109664050 A CN109664050 A CN 109664050A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
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Abstract
A kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending, component and wt% content are as follows: C:0.04 ~ 0.10%, Si:0.16 ~ 0.35%, Mn:1.60 ~ 2.10%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.01%, Ni:0.20 ~ 0.50%, Mo:0.25 ~ 0.45%, Cu:0.01 ~ 0.2%, Ti:0.05 ~ 0.15%, Nb:0.035 ~ 0.085%, B:0.002 ~ 0.008%%, V:0.005 ~ 0.02%, and to meet: 0.10%≤Ti+Nb+V≤0.20%.After the heated, water quenching of the present invention, tempering fire bending technique, weld seam tensile strength reaches 630MPa or more, -20 DEG C of weld impingement function are much higher than 80J, weld metal has acicular ferrite, a small amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite and bainite structure, and there are nanoscale (≤hundred receive), nano-micro level (hundred receive ~ micron) and micron order precipitated phase, weld grain is excessively roughened when preventing fire bending, so that weld seam is still able to maintain excellent obdurability, and reduce welding wire cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding, definitely belong to a kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding that X80 fire bending is effective.Suitable for X80
Grade pipe line steel submerged-arc welding and subsequent heating water quenching tempering process make fire bending pipe, it can also be used to intensity rank steel
(Rm630MPa) production of similar technique weldment.
Background technique
Oil and gas pipeline is mostly important one of the facility of national energy, and long distance pipeline will pass through many hypsographies
Bendingly band, it is therefore desirable to a large amount of bend pipes.Hot-bending pipe generallys use straight seam welded pipe and carries out stewing system after on-line heating at present, then
Water quenching inside and outside pipe, then tempering are carried out, the bend pipe after guaranteeing the system of simmering is matched with good obdurability.As-welded weld seam is as cast condition
Tissue, weld seam experienced austenitizing, rapid cooling and tempering during simmering system, and tissue and performance will change, and pass through
It is this to simmer process processed, it still needs to through weld seam with the obdurability for meeting technical requirements on steel pipe, for X80 pipeline, simmers
Weld seam need to meet intensity Rm >=630MPa, -20 DEG C of KV of toughness after system2≥80J.This brings very big challenge to weld seam.
Through retrieving:
China Patent Publication No. is the document of CN103240512, and it discloses a kind of low temperature resistant fire bending pipe main pipe productions of K65
Welding procedure comprising prewelding, interior weldering and outside weld, using mixing welding wire welding, first and third be H08MnMoTiB, second,
Four are SANi3.Wherein H08MnMoTiB is national standard welding wire, and SANi3 external standard welding wire, checking in SANi3 component of weld wire is (wt%) C
≤ 0.13, Si0.05~0.30, Mn0.60~1.20, Ni3.10~3.80, Cr≤0.15, Cu≤0.35.Steel pipe using JCO at
After type, with gas shield welding prewelding, interior weldering and outside weld are four submerged-arc weldings, and first DC reverse connection, the second to four is exchange.Weldering
Be seamed into be divided into (wt%) C0.04~0.05, Mn1.60~1.80, Ni0.20~0.70, Mo0.007~0.10, Ti0.007~
0.02, B0.0001~0.0004, Al0.020~0.040, N0.005~0.015, Cr0.1~0.25, Cu0.1~0.15,
Nb0.04~0.08, V0.002~0.004.The heated Q-tempering fire bending technique of postwelding, -40K DEG C of V of weld impingement function2It is average
For 60~65J.Shortcoming is more farsighted higher than base material in wlding SANi3 ni content, and at high cost, toughness is also not high enough.
The document that Chinese Patent Application No. is 201410747501.6 is buried it discloses a kind of low temperature resistant K65 fire bending is effective
Arc welding wire, component of weld wire be (wt%) C0.01~0.05, Si≤0.1, Mn1.5~2.0, S≤0.01, P≤0.01, Ni1.0~
3.0, Mo0.15~0.35, Ti0.01~0.05, B≤0.005, Zr≤0.005, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.Weldering
Silk matches with the sintered flux that basicity is 1.9~2.3 and carries out two-sided multiplewire submerged arc welding (single track four), heat input 50 to K65 steel
~120kJ/cm, welded tube bend then water quenching through 1020~1200 DEG C of induction heatings, using 500~750 DEG C of heat preservations 1.5~2
After hour, weld seam tensile strength 660~780MPa, -40KV2Higher than 80J, extremely frigid zones K65 corner bead performance is reached
It is required that.With excellent low-temperature flexibility, but welding wire Ni amount is higher, makes increased costs.Composition of weld line and base material difference are excessive simultaneously,
Welded Joints corrosion resistance is also unfavorable.
Summary of the invention
After a kind of heated, water quenching, being tempered fire bending technique, weld seam
Tensile strength reaches 630MPa or more, and -20 DEG C of weld impingement function are higher than 80J, generates after fire bending in weld metal with oxide and is
Main nanoscale, nano-micro level and micron order it is various it is fine be mingled with, prevent weld grain when fire bending from being excessively roughened, remain to weld seam
The welding wire for submerged-arc welding for the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending for keeping excellent obdurability, and reducing welding wire cost.
Realize the measure of above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending, component and weight percent content
Are as follows: C:0.04~0.10%, Si:0.16~0.35%, Mn:1.60~2.10%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.01%, Ni:
0.20~0.50%, Mo:0.25~0.45%, Cu:0.01~0.2%, Ti:0.05~0.15%, Nb:0.035~
0.085%, B:0.002~0.008%%, V:0.005~0.02%, and to meet: 0.10%≤Ti+Nb+V≤0.20%,
Remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity element.
Preferably: the weight percent content of the Mn is 1.68~2.0%.
Preferably: the weight percent content of the Si is 0.19~0.32%.
Preferably: the weight percent content of the Ni is 0.24~0.46%.
Preferably: the weight percent content of the Mo is 0.28~0.42%.
Preferably: the weight percent content of the Nb is 0.039~0.073%.
Preferably: the weight percent content of the Ti is 0.071~0.12%.
The effect and mechanism of essential element and technique in the present invention:
C: Resistance of Weld Metal has invigoration effect, but as C content increases, welding seam toughness decline.C content model in weld seam
It encloses for 0.04~0.08% preferably.C content is then C0.04~0.10% in welding wire, and welding wire matches welding with alkalescent solder flux, weldering
C content in seam has certain reduction.But when C content is lower than 0.04% in weld seam, weld strength is relatively low；When its content is higher than
0.08%, weld seam low-temperature flexibility is adversely affected.
Si: Resistance of Weld Metal has invigoration effect, but Si content should not be too high, otherwise influences welding seam toughness.In weld seam
Si content range is 0.20~0.35% preferable, and the preferably weight percent content of Si is 0.19~0.32%.Si in welding wire
Content Si≤0.35%, Si can also participate in the formation of micron order, nano-micro level particle.But when Si content is lower than in weld seam
0.20%, weld strength is affected；When its content is higher than 0.35%, weld seam low-temperature flexibility is adversely affected.
Mn: being the effective element of weld seam Strengthening and Toughening, can prevent the formation for causing the iron sulfide of fire check.Mn contains in welding wire
Amount is 1.60~2.10%, and the preferably weight percent content of Mn is 1.68~2.0%.Welding wire matched with alkalescent solder flux into
Row two pass submerged-arc welding is diluted by Welding Metallurgy reaction and base material, and the Mn content in weld seam has certain reduction.But when it contains
Amount is lower than 1.60%, and the obdurability of weld seam can all be affected；When its content is higher than 2.10%, welding wire steel smelting manufacture difficulty increases
Add, welding seam toughness is affected.
Ni: it is the effective element of weld seam toughening, also there is certain strengthening effect.In welding wire Ni content be 0.20~
0.50%, the preferably weight percent content of Ni is 0.24~0.46%.Welding wire matches progress two pass with alkalescent solder flux and buries
Arc-welding, although Ni changes of contents is little after Welding Metallurgy is reacted, Ni content in weld seam is influenced by base material is diluted.But
When its content is lower than 0.20%, acting on weld seam toughening is reduced；When its content is higher than 0.50%, cost unnecessarily increases,
It will increase the ingredient difference of weld seam and base material.
Mo: it is the effective element that weld seam is strengthened, also has certain toughening effect when content is suitable, therefore be limited to
0.25~0.45%, the preferably weight percent content of Mo is 0.28~0.42%.Welding wire matches progress with alkalescent solder flux
Two pass submerged-arc welding, although Mo changes of contents is little after Welding Metallurgy is reacted, the Mo content in weld seam is diluted by base material
It influences.Mo element is it is also possible to dissolve in Nb (C, N) compound particle, it is also possible to form the carbide particle of Mo, these features
It is become apparent in fire bending, the obdurability of fire bending weld seam can be improved.But when its content is lower than 0.25%, the effect of Mo is obtained not
To embodiment；When its content is higher than 0.45%, welding wire cost increases, and welding seam toughness is also affected.
Cu: appropriate Cu has solution strengthening effect, meanwhile, in multi-pass welding, subsequent passes generate drawing effect to preceding road weld seam
Induction Cu particle is mutually precipitated, and improves weld strength and toughness, therefore be limited to 0.01~0.2%,.But when its content is lower than
0.01%, Cu's acts on arriving embodiment；When its content be higher than 0.2%, easily lead to high temperature copper brittleness phenomenon.
B: can effectively improve weld metal harden ability and intensity, and B is also easy to segregation crystal boundary, inhibits grain boundary ferrite
It is formed, increases weld metal intragranular acicular ferrite ratio.But when B content is lower than 0.001% in weld seam, the effect of B is obtained
Less than embodiment, when being higher than 0.004%, cause weld seam brittle.
Ti: being conducive to form fine Ti compound in weld seam, refines weld grain.In welding wire Ti content be 0.05~
0.15%.But when its content is lower than 0.05%, what Ti content will be less than 0.01%, Ti in weld seam acts on arriving embodiment；When
Ti content is higher than 0.15% in welding wire, it will and the casting of welding wire steel smelting is influenced, and Ti content in weld seam is made to be higher than 0.03%, weld seam
Toughness reduces.Ti content is 0.071~0.12% preferably in welding wire.Welding is matched with alkalescent solder flux in welding wire, by weldering
Metallurgical reaction is connect, the Ti content in weld seam has certain reduction.Experiment discovery, nitrogen, the oxide particle of Ti essentially form
In weld seam (molten bath) the metal freezing stage, size is often micron order, nano-micro level (several hundred to receive and several microns), and fusing point
Height, change in size is little during subsequent cooling, reheating.
Nb: solution strengthening effect is obvious, and the harden ability of steel is improved when dissolving in austenite, increases temper resistance, has secondary
Induration improves impact flexibility.Experiment is found, is difficult to form particle containing Nb in as cast condition weld seam, and after appropriate heat treatment, contain
Then there is the precipitated phase of nanoscale containing Nb (100nm or less) in Nb weld seam, the mechanical property after advantageously ensuring that weld seam fire bending.But work as it
Content is lower than 0.035%, acts on unobvious；When its content is higher than 0.085%, increase unnecessary cost, and it is tough to influence weld seam
Property.Therefore control is 0.035~0.085%, preferably 0.039~0.073%.
The precipitation precipitation enhancement of the elements such as Nb and Ti is the important guarantee of material high intensity.The mechanism of precipitation strength is
Interaction between dislocation and particle can be described by two kinds of mechanism: first is that improve intensity have positive effect around
Process；Second is that acting on lesser shear history to intensity is improved.And in plastic history, there are a large amount of dislocations during exercise
It must bypass precipitation particle, increase the resistance of motion, the strength of materials improves.Dislocation overcomes Second Phase Particles resistance that must increase
Direct stress can be expressed as б={ 5.9 (f)1/2/r×ln[r/(2.5×10-4)] × 6894.76Pa, wherein r is flat for particle
Equal diameter, f are the volume fraction of the second phase.Particle is smaller, and volume fraction is bigger, and it is stronger that precipitation strength effect is precipitated.
Not all oxide is mingled with the formation that can promote intragranular acicular ferrite, only certain specific ultra-fine
Oxide is mingled with such as TiOx, (Ti-Mn-Si)-Ox could promote the formation of acicular ferrite.High-melting-point Ti2O3It is ideal crystalline substance
Interior ferrite forming core core.And solid solution loses to Austenite Grain Growth TiN again after heat emission peak temperature reaches 1400 DEG C again
Inhibiting effect.Using Oxides Metallurgy Technology, tiny, Dispersed precipitate field trash has higher solid solubility temperature, Neng Gou
Higher temperature pinning austenite grain boundary.
The a large amount of dislocations retained in quenching process provide place for the precipitation of precipitate after tempering.In drawing process,
Alloying element Ti, V and Mo are by conversion crystallization, the situ converting of realization cementite to alloy carbide, or pass through independent forming core
It grows up or the modes such as heterogeneous forming core is grown up realizes the transformation of cementite to alloy carbide, a small amount of nanometer formed during this
Grade alloy carbide has certain effect to the raising of intensity, when size is smaller, can improve weld seam yield strength；With tempering temperature
The raising of degree, yield strength slowly reduce, and weld seam intermediate gap solid solution atom C content is greatly reduced to be reduced with dislocation, matrix
Softening is so that plasticity and ballistic work are improved.Intensity caused by the alloy carbide of precipitation is inhibited to a certain extent because of tempering
Decline.
Why the present invention also controls 0.10%≤Ti+Nb+V≤0.20%, is since these three microelements are to guarantee
The obdurability of weld seam plays the role of more key, although the content to Ti, Nb, V element limits respectively, it is likely that occurring
Single value removes the limit or the case where the upper limit, ensures effect of the micro alloying element in terms of Weld Performance.
Welding wire of the present invention is prepared according to prior art.
The present invention is compared with prior art: the present invention is heated, water quenching, after tempering fire bending technique, weld seam tensile strength reaches
To 630MPa or more, -20 DEG C of weld impingement function are higher than 80J, and fire bending processing, i.e., after quenching bends+is tempered, weld metal has needle
Columnar ferrite, a small amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite and bainite structure, and have nanoscale (≤hundred receive), nano-micro level (hundred receive~micron)
And micron order precipitated phase, weld grain is excessively roughened when preventing fire bending, and butt welding is sewed with precipitation enhancement, and weld seam is made to remain to protect
Excellent obdurability is held, and reduces welding wire cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the cut form schematic diagram of present invention test welding；
The metallographic structure of weld seam after Fig. 2 fire bending；
In Fig. 1: c is root face amount, and h1 is facet depth, and h2 is big face depth, and α is bevel angle.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below:
Routinely technique is manufactured various embodiments of the present invention welding wire, it is important to be controlled ingredient, be avoided slab, wire rod etc.
There is the defects of face crack, slag inclusion.Welding wire steel is smelted, when batch is larger, using converter, electric furnace smelting；Test welding wire batch
Measure it is small, using vacuum induction furnace smelting.When smelting, the torpescence alloy such as Ni, Mo first adds, and using Si, Mn combined deoxidation, Ti is in essence
It is added when refining, strict control welding wire composition of steel.Again by the billet rolling of casting at wire rod, then wire rod is peeled off, multiple tracks
Secondary drawing, finished product 3.2~5.0mm of gage of wire, copper coating, coiled sabot.
To examine the performance after welding wire welding hot bending, double wire hidden arc welding is carried out to a thickness of 18mm and 22mmX80 pipe line steel
Test.Welding condition is preceding silk DC reverse connection, 700~1000A of electric current, 33~34V of voltage；Silk exchanges afterwards, and electric current 600~
850A, 36~37V of voltage；90~120cm/min of speed of welding.The fire bending technique of postwelding is that quenching bends+is tempered, specifically:
It is heated to being bent at 950~1050 DEG C, after bath is quickly cooled to room temperature, is again heated to 500~650 DEG C of heat preservations 45~100
Minute, then it is air-cooled to room temperature.Using relevant criterion carry out welding point after stewing system stretch, impact property detection.
Note: the preparation process of welding wire of the present invention is all made of prior art preparation.
Table 1 is the chemical component list of various embodiments of the present invention and comparative example；
Table 2 is that groove size is used in various embodiments of the present invention and comparative example test；
3 various embodiments of the present invention of table and comparative example welding condition；
4 various embodiments of the present invention of table and comparative example fire bending technological parameter list.
Table 5 is the postwelding Weld Performance testing result of various embodiments of the present invention and comparative example；
The chemical component (wt.%) of 1 each case study on implementation of the present invention of table
Groove size is used in 2 various embodiments of the present invention of table and comparative example test
3 various embodiments of the present invention of table and comparative example welding condition
4 various embodiments of the present invention of table and comparative example fire bending technique
| Embodiment | Plate thickness (mm) | Heating temperature (DEG C) | Tempering temperature (DEG C) | Tempering time (is divided) |
| 1 | 18 | 950 | 500 | 70 |
| 2 | 18 | 1000 | 550 | 100 |
| 3 | 18 | 1000 | 600 | 100 |
| 4 | 22 | 1050 | 600 | 50 |
| 5 | 22 | 1000 | 550 | 70 |
| 6 | 22 | 1000 | 650 | 70 |
| 7 | 22 | 980 | 550 | 70 |
| 8 | 22 | 1000 | 600 | 70 |
| 9 | 22 | 1000 | 550 | 70 |
| Comparative example 1 | 18 | 1000 | 550 | 100 |
| Comparative example 2 | 22 | 1000 | 550 | 70 |
Rear joint performance test results processed are simmered in the welding of 5 various embodiments of the present invention of table and comparative example
Experiment condition:
Each embodiment welding wire and comparison component of weld wire are as shown in table 1, matching fluorine calcium type alkalescent solder flux SJ101, master
Want component are as follows: (SiO2+TiO2) 10~15%, (CaO+MgO) 35~45%, (Al2O3+ MnO) 15~25%, CaF215~
25%；The diameter of welding wire production of the present invention is 4mm；
The groove parameter of welding is tested as shown in Fig. 1 and table 2；Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 are according to size 1 in table 2
Processing, remaining embodiment is processed according to size 2 in table 2；
Each embodiment welding wire and comparative example welding wire are welded using 3 technique of double wire hidden arc welding of table and parameter, are first welded small
Face, then big face is welded, two sides is once filled up.Not back chipping in face of welding is big.After welding, ultrasonic inspection is carried out.
The test plate (panel) welded is subjected to fire bending using 4 technique of table；By relevant criterion, Welded Joints are stretched, impact examination again
It tests, joint mechanical property test result is as shown in table 5.
As can be seen from Table 5, the welding seam toughness of present invention test welding is generally higher, i.e. -20 DEG C of KV2(J) average value reaches
To 115J or more, standard requirements much higher than 80J are better than two comparison welding wire test results.When embodiment welding wire each element contains
When amount is in preferred scope, weld seam impact toughness is higher, such as embodiment 6,7,8,9.
To Ti of the present invention, Nb, V microalloying welding wire weld seam carries out microscopic analysis.The as-welded Shi Yitie shape iron element of weld metal
Based on body, in addition a small amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite.Weld metal after fire bending is returned because experienced reaustenitizing and subsequent water quenching
Firer's sequence, as-welded intragranular acicular ferrite are grown up, and a small amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite consolidated block also forms a small amount of bainite, and
There are a large amount of precipitates, as shown in Figure 2.New feature is found using the further analysis of transmission electron microscope, in the weld metal after fire bending
Contain nanoscale (≤hundred receive), nano-micro level (hundred receive~micron) and micron-sized each size nano-precipitation, these precipitates
Contain O, Nb, Ti respectively, Si, Al, the elements such as Mn, these precipitates based on oxide can effectively prevent heat as pinning object
The roughening of weld structure during stewing, and Resistance of Weld Metal has precipitation enhancement, and weld seam is made to remain to protect after fire bending
Hold excellent obdurability.
As it can be seen that a kind of effective welding wire for submerged-arc welding of high-performance X80 fire bending of the present patent application can guarantee weld seam after fire bending with excellent
Good obdurability.
Present embodiment is only the best example, not to the restricted implementation of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending, component and weight percent content are as follows:
C:0.04 ~ 0.10%, Si:0.16 ~ 0.35%, Mn:1.60 ~ 2.10%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.01%, Ni:0.20 ~
0.50%, Mo:0.25 ~ 0.45%, Cu:0.01 ~ 0.2%, Ti:0.05 ~ 0.15%, Nb:0.035 ~ 0.085%, B:0.002 ~
0.008%%, V:0.005 ~ 0.02%, and to meet: 0.10%≤Ti+Nb+V≤0.20%, remaining is for Fe and inevitably
Impurity element.
2. a kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending as described in claim 1, feature exist
In: the weight percent content of the Mn is 1.68~2.0%.
3. a kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending as described in claim 1, feature exist
In: the weight percent content of the Si is 0.19~0.32%.
4. a kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending as described in claim 1, feature exist
In: the weight percent content of the Ni is 0.24~0.46%.
5. a kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending as described in claim 1, feature exist
In: the weight percent content of the Mo is 0.28 ~ 0.42%.
6. a kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending as described in claim 1, feature exist
In: the weight percent content of the Nb is 0.039 ~ 0.073%.
7. a kind of welding wire for submerged-arc welding of the effective weld seam tensile strength >=650MPa of X80 fire bending as described in claim 1, feature exist
In: the weight percent content of the Ti is 0.071~0.12%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111408867A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-14 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Welding wire suitable for submerged-arc welding of low-temperature X80 thick-wall pipeline steel |
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| CN111408867A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-14 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Welding wire suitable for submerged-arc welding of low-temperature X80 thick-wall pipeline steel |
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Application publication date: 20190423 |