CN109664024B - Laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defect of parent metal - Google Patents
Laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defect of parent metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN109664024B CN109664024B CN201910125615.XA CN201910125615A CN109664024B CN 109664024 B CN109664024 B CN 109664024B CN 201910125615 A CN201910125615 A CN 201910125615A CN 109664024 B CN109664024 B CN 109664024B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a parent metal, which comprises the following steps: s1, preprocessing the surface or internal defects of the parent metal to be repaired to form a region to be welded; s2, setting the end part of the arc-shaped corner at the bottom of the area to be welded as a starting welding point, sequentially overlapping and welding the rest welding points on the previous welding point to form an initial welding path along the longitudinal direction of the area to be welded, overlapping and welding the starting welding point of the next welding path on the starting welding point of the previous welding path, sequentially overlapping and welding the rest welding points on the previous welding point, and repeating the steps until the bottom of the area to be welded is covered to form a bottom layer; s3, overlapping and welding a plurality of surfacing layers on the bottom layer to form a surfacing layer block, wherein the top of the surfacing layer block is lower than the groove of the area to be welded; s4, overlapping and welding a repairing layer on the block of the surfacing layer, wherein the top of the repairing layer is higher than the groove of the area to be welded; and S5, grinding the overlaying layer higher than the area to be welded to enable the overlaying layer to be flush with the groove of the area to be welded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of repair of precision special material products, in particular to a laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a parent metal.
Background
In the technical field of military industry and aerospace, the high-performance high-strength steel is generally made of precise special materials, the performance requirements of products are extremely high, when defects appear on the surfaces or the interiors of the products, the defects need to be welded and repaired, otherwise, the whole product is scrapped, and huge loss is caused. When the defects of the type are repaired by laser welding, the traditional welding method generally adopts argon arc welding, cold welding, laser cladding and the like, the laser cladding is adopted to start welding from the bottom of the defects, when a laser beam irradiates a welding wire, only the upper surface of the welding wire can be irradiated, the laser is shielded by the lower surface of the welding wire, and the parts shielded by the welding wire are not fused, so that the repaired parts are not tightly attached to the base metal to form a weak area, and the repaired parts also have the defects of undercut, air holes, cracks and the like, so that the crack phenomenon is easy to occur during actual use, and the integral service performance of equipment is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser welding method for repairing the surface or internal defects of a base material, which has a stable defect repairing structure, is tightly attached to the base material and improves the overall structural performance of equipment.
The invention discloses a laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a parent metal, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing the surface or internal defect of the parent metal to be repaired, and processing the defect into a pit shape of a U-shaped groove to form an area to be welded;
s2, setting the end part of the arc-shaped corner at the bottom of the area to be welded as a starting welding point, sequentially overlapping and welding the rest welding points on the previous welding point to form an initial welding path along the longitudinal direction of the area to be welded, overlapping and welding the starting welding point of the next welding path on the starting welding point of the previous welding path, sequentially overlapping and welding the rest welding points on the previous welding point, and repeating the steps until the bottom of the area to be welded is covered to form a bottom layer;
each welding starting point and each welding point are irradiated by laser beams to melt welding wires and continuously feed the welding wires, and after the welding wires are fed, the welding wires are continuously melted by the irradiation of the laser beams and are pulled away;
s3, overlapping and welding a plurality of surfacing layers on the bottom layer to form a surfacing layer block, wherein the top of the surfacing layer block is lower than the groove of the area to be welded;
the welding mode of the welding bead in each surfacing layer and the welding mode of the welding start point and the welding spot in each welding bead are the same as the welding mode of the welding start point, the welding spot and the welding bead in the bottoming layer;
s4, overlapping and welding a repairing layer on the block of the surfacing layer, wherein the top of the repairing layer is higher than the groove of the area to be welded;
the welding mode of the welding bead in the repair layer and the welding mode of the welding bead and the welding point in each welding bead are the same as the welding mode of the welding bead, the welding point and the welding bead in the priming layer;
and S5, polishing the repairing layer higher than the area to be welded to enable the repairing layer to be level with the groove of the area to be welded.
Preferably, an included angle between the welding wire and the horizontal plane along the welding direction of the welding bead is 15-25 degrees, and the welding wire is placed at the 1/2 position of the last welding point when each welding point is welded.
In any of the above embodiments, it is preferred that the weld initiation point of each initial weld pass of the primer layer, weld overlay, and repair layer has its welding wire placed at position 1/2 where the weld initiation point is formed.
In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the boundary of the next weld point of the same weld bead is located at the position 1/5 of the previous weld point, and the boundary of the next weld point of the adjacent weld bead is located at the positions 1/3-1/2 of the previous weld point.
In any of the above aspects, the wire feed amount during welding of the weld spot in the repair layer is preferably 1/3 to 1/2 more than the wire feed amount during welding of the weld spot in the primer layer and the build-up layer.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the top foot of the weld overlay block is at a distance of 0.1mm from the groove of the region to be welded.
In any of the above solutions, it is preferable to wipe with industrial cotton with acetone or industrial alcohol every time one layer is welded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the welding starting point of the initial welding bead in the bottoming layer is set at the end part of the arc-shaped corner of the bottom of the welding area to be welded, the set position and the set angle of each welding spot welding wire in each welding layer are set, the welding mode that each welding spot is overlapped mutually is adopted, the upper surface and the lower surface of the welding wire can be completely irradiated by the laser beam, the bottoming layer is guaranteed to be tightly attached to the base metal, the lower surface of the welding wire is prevented from being shielded by the laser beam, and the phenomenon that fusion does not occur in the shielding. Meanwhile, the welding wire is prevented from being placed at the welding leg of the last welding spot due to the position of the welding wire, and the defect that the welding leg is not fused and has cracks due to the fact that the welding wire blocks a laser beam is avoided.
2. Each welding spot is melted by irradiating welding wires through laser beams and continuously feeds the welding wires, so that a welding pool can be ensured to be full, and the defects of undercut and air holes are prevented; after the wire feeding is finished, the welding wire is drawn out and separated while continuously melting through the irradiation of the laser beam, and the end part of the welding wire forms an inclined plane under the condition of ensuring the plump state of a welding pool, so that the welding wire is rapidly drawn out and the phenomenon that the welding pool is not fused is avoided.
3. The area to be welded is welded according to the sequence of the priming layer, the surfacing layer and the repairing layer, so that the repairing area is tightly attached to the base metal, and the overall structural performance of the equipment is guaranteed.
4. The position of the welding start point in the repairing layer and the wire feeding amount of the welding start point are used for ensuring that a welding pool is full and preventing undercut defects from occurring, and meanwhile, the top of the repairing layer is higher than a groove of an area to be welded and is polished again to ensure that the repairing area is integrally and tightly attached to the base metal and ensure that the whole structure of the equipment is stable.
The laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a base material according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a parent material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional weld view of a primer layer in the laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a parent material according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional weld view of a weld overlay in a laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a parent material according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional weld view of a repair layer in the laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a parent material according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view showing a structure of a weld bead in the laser welding method for repairing a surface or internal defect of a parent material according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a welding spot and a welding wire in the laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a base material according to the present invention;
wherein: 1. a base material; 2. priming a bottom layer; 3. starting a welding spot; 4. welding wires; 5. overlaying a welding layer; 6. a repair layer; 7. and (7) welding a bead.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a laser welding method for repairing a surface or internal defect of a parent material according to the present invention includes the steps of:
s1, preprocessing the surface or internal defect of the parent metal to be repaired, and processing the defect into a concave pit shape with a U-shaped groove to form a region to be welded.
Before pretreatment, fluorescence detection and X-ray detection are respectively carried out on the parent material in sequence in advance, and the defect type and the position of the defect are determined, namely the defect type is determined to be the defect on the surface or in the interior of the parent material and the position of the defect in the parent material.
The pretreatment is to carry out machining through a machining center or manually process by adopting an electric drill or a polishing head, directly process the defects on the surface of the parent metal into the pit shape of a U-shaped groove, and for the defects in the parent metal, the surface of the parent metal corresponding to the defects is communicated with the internal defects and then the surface of the parent metal is processed into the pit shape of the U-shaped groove.
S2, setting the end part of the arc-shaped corner at the bottom of the area to be welded as a welding start point, sequentially overlapping and welding the rest welding points on the previous welding point to form an initial welding pass along the longitudinal direction of the area to be welded, overlapping and welding the welding start point of the next welding pass on the welding start point of the previous welding pass, sequentially overlapping and welding the rest welding points on the previous welding point, and repeating the steps until the bottom of the area to be welded is covered to form a bottom layer.
And after the wire feeding is finished, the welding wire is drawn out while continuously melting through the irradiation of the laser beam.
The included angle between the welding direction of the welding wire along the welding bead and the horizontal plane is 15-25 degrees, and the welding wire is placed at the 1/2 position of the last welding point when each welding point is welded.
The boundary of the next welding point on the same welding pass is located at the position 1/5 of the next welding point, and the boundary of the next welding point on the adjacent welding pass is located at the positions 1/3-1/2 of the next welding point.
And S3, overlapping and welding multiple surfacing layers on the bottom layer to form a surfacing layer block, wherein the top of the surfacing layer block is lower than the groove of the area to be welded, and preferably, the distance between the top fillet of the surfacing layer block and the groove of the area to be welded is 0.1 mm.
And the welding mode of the welding bead in each surfacing layer and the welding mode of the initial welding point and the welding point in each welding bead are the same as the welding mode of the initial welding point, the welding point and the welding bead in the priming layer.
And S4, overlapping and welding a repairing layer on the block of the surfacing layer, wherein the top of the repairing layer is higher than the groove of the area to be welded.
The welding mode of the welding bead in the repair layer and the welding mode of the welding bead and the welding point in each welding bead are the same as the welding mode of the welding bead, the welding point and the welding bead in the priming layer. The wire feeding amount during welding of the starting welding point in the repairing layer is 1/3-1/2 more than that during welding of the priming layer and the overlaying layer.
And S5, polishing the repairing layer higher than the area to be welded to enable the repairing layer to be level with the groove of the area to be welded.
In the above steps S1 to S5, each layer welded is wiped with industrial cotton with acetone or industrial alcohol.
The start of each initial pass of the primer layer, weld overlay, and repair layer, with its welding wire placed at the location 1/2 where the start is formed. In this embodiment, each welding spot is formed by irradiating a laser beam, and the welding wire is spread toward the periphery, thereby forming a welding spot.
In the embodiment, argon is introduced for protection in the whole welding process, the laser beam irradiates at the frequency of 4-8 times/second, the diameter range of the laser beam spot is 0.8-1.5mm, and the size of the laser beam spot is in direct proportion to the size of a welding spot.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the welding starting point of the initial welding bead in the bottoming layer is set at the end part of the arc-shaped corner of the bottom of the welding area to be welded, the set position and the set angle of each welding spot welding wire in each welding layer are set, the welding mode that each welding spot is overlapped mutually is adopted, the upper surface and the lower surface of the welding wire can be completely irradiated by the laser beam, the bottoming layer is guaranteed to be tightly attached to the base metal, the lower surface of the welding wire is prevented from being shielded by the laser beam, and the phenomenon that fusion does not occur in the shielding. Meanwhile, the welding wire is prevented from being placed at the welding leg of the last welding spot due to the position of the welding wire, and the defect that the welding leg is not fused and has cracks due to the fact that the welding wire blocks a laser beam is avoided.
2. Each welding spot is melted by irradiating welding wires through laser beams and continuously feeds the welding wires, so that a welding pool can be ensured to be full, and the defects of undercut and air holes are prevented; after the wire feeding is finished, the welding wire is drawn out and separated while continuously melting through the irradiation of the laser beam, and the end part of the welding wire forms an inclined plane under the condition of ensuring the plump state of a welding pool, so that the welding wire is rapidly drawn out and the phenomenon that the welding pool is not fused is avoided.
3. The area to be welded is welded according to the sequence of the priming layer, the surfacing layer and the repairing layer, so that the repairing area is tightly attached to the base metal, and the overall structural performance of the equipment is guaranteed.
4. The position of the welding start point in the repairing layer and the wire feeding amount of the welding start point are used for ensuring that a welding pool is full and preventing undercut defects from occurring, and meanwhile, the top of the repairing layer is higher than a groove of an area to be welded and is polished again to ensure that the repairing area is integrally and tightly attached to the base metal and ensure that the whole structure of the equipment is stable.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a parent material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preprocessing the surface or internal defect of the parent metal to be repaired, and processing the defect into a pit shape of a U-shaped groove to form an area to be welded;
s2, setting the end part of the arc-shaped corner at the bottom of the area to be welded as a starting welding point, sequentially overlapping and welding the rest welding points on the previous welding point to form an initial welding path along the longitudinal direction of the area to be welded, overlapping and welding the starting welding point of the next welding path on the starting welding point of the previous welding path, sequentially overlapping and welding the rest welding points on the previous welding point, and repeating the steps until the bottom of the area to be welded is covered to form a bottom layer;
each welding starting point and each welding point are irradiated by laser beams to melt welding wires and continuously feed the welding wires, and after the welding wires are fed, the welding wires are continuously melted by the irradiation of the laser beams and are pulled away;
s3, overlapping and welding a plurality of surfacing layers on the bottom layer to form a surfacing layer block, wherein the top of the surfacing layer block is lower than the groove of the area to be welded;
the welding mode of the welding bead in each surfacing layer and the welding mode of the welding start point and the welding spot in each welding bead are the same as the welding mode of the welding start point, the welding spot and the welding bead in the bottoming layer;
s4, overlapping and welding a repairing layer on the block of the surfacing layer, wherein the top of the repairing layer is higher than the groove of the area to be welded;
the welding mode of the welding bead in the repair layer and the welding mode of the welding bead and the welding point in each welding bead are the same as the welding mode of the welding bead, the welding point and the welding bead in the priming layer;
s5, polishing the repairing layer higher than the area to be welded to enable the repairing layer to be level with the groove of the area to be welded;
the included angle between the welding wire and the horizontal plane along the welding direction of the welding bead is 15-25 degrees, and the welding wire is placed at the 1/2 position of the last welding point when each welding point is welded;
the welding wire of the initial welding bead of each of the priming layer, the overlaying layer and the repairing layer is placed at the position 1/2 where the welding wire is formed;
the boundary of the next welding point of the same welding bead is positioned at the 1/5 position of the previous welding point, and the boundary of the next welding point of the adjacent welding bead is positioned at the 1/3-1/2 position of the previous welding point;
the wire feeding amount during welding of the starting welding point in the repairing layer is 1/3-1/2 more than that during welding of the welding point in the priming layer and the overlaying layer.
2. The laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a parent material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the distance between the welding foot at the top of the surfacing layer block and the groove of the area to be welded is 0.1 mm.
3. The laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defects of a parent material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and wiping by using industrial cotton with acetone or industrial alcohol after one layer is welded.
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| CN201910125615.XA CN109664024B (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-02-20 | Laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defect of parent metal |
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| CN201910125615.XA CN109664024B (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-02-20 | Laser welding method for repairing surface or internal defect of parent metal |
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| CN109664024B true CN109664024B (en) | 2021-06-22 |
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| CN114309951B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2024-03-29 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | Repair welding method for mirror substrate and surface treatment method for mirror substrate |
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| CN103962791B (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2016-02-03 | 哈尔滨建成集团有限公司 | Large-scale heat resisting steel foundry goods welding repair method |
| CN103343338B (en) * | 2013-06-29 | 2015-04-29 | 苏州唐氏机械制造有限公司 | Laser restoration method of flaring die |
| CN103521923A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 昆山纯柏精密五金有限公司 | Method for adopting laser fuse wires for repairing mold |
| CN103801835A (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-05-21 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Method for remanufacturing cracked and damaged aluminum alloy thin-walled workpiece through laser |
| CN106270937B (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2018-07-06 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | A kind of overlay cladding repair method |
| JP6818978B2 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2021-01-27 | 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー | Exhaust valve rod repair method |
| CN106862771B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2019-03-05 | 石家庄铁道大学 | A kind of laser assisted melt pole electrical arc increasing material connection method for high temperature alloy |
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