CN109662688A - 一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
- A61B5/4538—Evaluating a particular part of the muscoloskeletal system or a particular medical condition
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
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- A61B5/682—Mouth, e.g., oral cavity; tongue; Lips; Teeth
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- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
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- A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,包括牙套本体,所述牙套本体与人体口腔牙齿相契合,所述牙套本体能够与口腔气体中的异常成分发生显色反应。该牙套本体采用指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料制备而成,能够与口腔气体中的异常成分发生显色反应,且能根据气体中异常成分的含量对口腔牙齿健康实现半定量检测,检测成本低廉,用时短,灵敏度高,同时可以对患病牙齿的位置进行准确定位,为患者进一步医治提供了方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及健康护理和临床医学监测领域,特别是涉及一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,通过牙套中的显色剂与口气中的挥发性气体发生显色反应,实现对口腔牙齿健康和牙周病的初步判断。
背景技术
呼吸气体检测技术是通过检测口腔呼出气体中相关成分及其变化,反映与之相对应的组织、细胞的代谢或变化情况,从而对相关疾病做出判断。临床上常见的检测样本如血液、脑/脊液、脓肿液等一般都难以实时获取,或无法通过无创的方式获取。而口腔呼出气体既是生命活动的有效标志,也可无创获取,不涉及患者隐私,方便实时可得。因此,呼吸气体检测技术有望成为一种无创、新型、便捷的诊断技术。人类口腔呼出的气体成分非常复杂,物质成分约有3000种以上,单一个体呼出气体中也含有200多种以上的化合物。根据化合物结构和性质的不同,可将它们大致分为如下三类:(1)非有机类化合物,如氮气、氧气、一氧化氮、二氧化碳、一氧化碳等;(2)挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs),如醇类、烷类、烃类、苯类、醛类、酮类等;(3)非挥发性有机物,该类物质主要溶解在呼出的水汽中,可经浓缩后作进一步检测。口腔呼出的气体主要来源于口腔细菌分解氨基酸生成的代谢产物,而这些代谢产物中的挥发性硫化物则是口臭的主要原因,因此检测口气中的挥发性硫化物有助于对口腔牙齿健康及牙周病做出初步判断。
目前,根据现有气体检测原理,可简单将气体检测技术划分为如下三大类:(1)基于色谱/质谱仪的检测技术:气相色谱质谱联用技术结合了色谱和质谱的双重优势,既能高效快速地实现分离又能准确可靠的进行数据的处理,已成为一种气体检测的标准方法;(2)传感器检测技术:气体传感器采用的敏感材料大部分为半导体氧化物,通过目标检测气体在其表面吸附与解吸附过程引起的半导体电阻的改变来进行检测。这类传感器具有灵敏度高、检测下限低等优点,但传感器检测技术通常对气体的特异性较差,且其在不同环境下的稳定性无法得到保证;(3)化学显色技术:化学显色技术通常是对比反应前后的颜色变化或光谱变化来实现目标气体的检测,如试纸法。现阶段医疗机构针对口腔硫化物气体的检测方法主要有醋酸铅试纸法、气相色谱法及口气测量仪法。其中,醋酸铅试纸法检测较为方便,但其检测灵敏度与检测结果的稳定性较差;气相色谱法作为大型精密仪器具有高灵敏度、高精确度的优点,但缺点是仪器不便携、测量程序复杂、成本较高;而口气测量仪的优点是快速便携,但容易受到外界干扰、稳定性不高。因此,开发一种高灵敏度、便于携带且易操作的新型检测技术是十分必要的。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,该牙套本体采用指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料制备而成,能够与口腔气体中的异常成分发生显色反应,且能根据气体中异常成分的含量对口腔牙齿健康实现半定量检测,检测成本低廉,用时短,灵敏度高,同时可以对患病牙齿的位置进行准确定位,为患者进一步医治提供了方便。
一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,包括牙套本体,所述牙套本体与人体口腔牙齿相契合,所述牙套本体能够与口腔气体中的异常成分发生显色反应。
进一步的,所述牙套本体由指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料制备而成。
进一步的,所述牙套本体为弹性透明状。
进一步的,口腔气体中的异常成分包括挥发性硫化物、氨气、丙酮中的至少一种,所述指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料包括Zr-MOF改性聚二甲基硅氧烷、金属纳米颗粒改性聚二甲基硅氧烷或氧化锌改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
进一步的,所述牙套本体的厚度为1~3 mm。
一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套制备方法,基于上述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取适量指示剂加入惰性聚合物中,充分搅拌形成指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料;
S2、利用藻酸盐材料提取牙齿印模;
S3、在固化后的牙齿印模中灌注石膏,石膏固化后形成与牙齿形状相符合的阳模;
S4、加热软化蜡片,并将其作为软垫贴合于阳模表面;
S5、在蜡片表面覆盖石膏,所述石膏位于蜡片与阳模相背的一侧,石膏固化后即得阴模;
S6、将阴模的凹面朝上,倒入指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料,随后将阳模置于阴模内,排出多余的指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料后加热成型,分离得到牙套本体。
进一步的,步骤S4和步骤S5之间还包括分离液涂布步骤:
在蜡片表面均匀涂布分离液,所述分离液位于蜡片与阳模相背的一侧。
进一步的,所述分离液包括括硅油、花生油、汽油中的至少一种。
进一步的,步骤S1中,指示剂与惰性聚合物的质量比为0.5-1.5:45-55,搅拌速度不低于200 rpm,搅拌时间不低于5 min。
进一步的,步骤S6中加热成型温度控制在70-90度之间。
本发明所起到的有益技术效果如下:
与现有技术相比较,本发明公开的一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套采用了指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料制备而成,指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料中的指示剂能够与口腔气体中的异常成分发生显色反应,实现对口腔牙齿健康的半定量检测,而且通过观察牙套本体的显色位置可以初步对患病牙齿的位置进行定位,为患者进一步医治提供方便。此外,本发明公开的牙套本体制作工艺简单、成本低廉、佩戴舒适,对口腔内常见组分无影响,利用该牙套本体的特异性检测牙齿疾病具有反应速度快、用时短、灵敏度高等优点,应用前景良好。
附图说明
图1为本发明用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套结构示意图。
图2为本发明用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套制作流程图。
图3为本发明实施例2中牙套实物图。
附图标记说明:
1-牙齿印模,2-阳模,3-蜡片,4-阴模,5-指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料,6-牙套本体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述,以使本发明的优点和特征更易被本领域技术人员理解,从而对本发明的保护范围作出更为清楚的界定。
实施例1:
如图1所示,本实施例提供了一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,包括牙套本体6,所述牙套本体6与人体口腔牙齿相契合,所述牙套本体6由指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料5制备而成,得到的牙套本体6为弹性透明状,在综合考虑舒适性和检测灵敏性的基础上,所述牙套本体6的厚度一般控制在1-3 mm,优选2 mm。该牙套本体6能够与口腔气体中的异常成分发生显色反应。上述口腔气体中的异常成分包括常见的挥发性硫化物、氨气、丙酮中的至少一种,所述指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料5包括Zr-MOF改性聚二甲基硅氧烷、金属纳米颗粒改性聚二甲基硅氧烷或氧化锌改性聚二甲基硅氧烷。
实施例2:
如图2所示,本实施例提供了一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套制备方法,基于实施例1中所述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,具体包括如下步骤:
S1、称取适量指示剂加入惰性聚合物中,充分搅拌形成指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料5,其中,所述指示剂与惰性聚合物的质量比控制在0.5-1.5:45-55,优选1:50,所述指示剂与惰性聚合物的混合搅拌速度不低于200 rpm,一般优选350 rpm,搅拌时间不低于5 min,通常考虑搅拌效果和工作效率后优选10 min;
S2、利用藻酸盐材料提取牙齿印模1;
S3、在固化后的牙齿印模1中灌注石膏,石膏固化后形成与牙齿形状相符合的阳模2;
S4、加热软化蜡片3,并将其作为软垫贴合于阳模2表面;
S5、在蜡片3表面覆盖石膏,所述石膏位于蜡片3与阳模2相背的一侧,石膏固化后即得阴模4;
S6、将阴模4的凹面朝上,倒入指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料5,随后将阳模2置于阴模4内,排出多余的指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料5后加热成型,分离得到牙套本体6,一般加热成型过程在烤箱中完成,加热成型温度控制在70-90度之间,优选80度为最佳,加热成型的时间不得低于12小时。
现以指示剂Zr-MOF(MOF, metal-organic framework)和惰性聚合物聚二甲基硅氧烷为例,进一步对上述牙套制备方法进行说明:
一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套制备方法,该牙套专门用于检测口腔内的异常组分硫化氢气体,具体包括如下步骤:
S1、称取1g的Zr-MOF和50 g的聚二甲基硅氧烷在室温条件下混合后,在搅拌速度为350rpm的条件下持续搅拌10 min后形成Zr-MOF改性聚二甲基硅氧烷;
S2、将搅拌均匀的藻酸盐印模材料放入受试者的口腔中,贴近受试者上下颌放置约1分钟后,从口腔中取出提取到的牙齿印模1,随后放入水中冲洗干净后即得到固化后的牙齿印模1;
S3、去除牙齿印模1中的多余水分后,将调配好的石膏灌注至牙齿印模1中,待石膏固化后便可形成与牙齿形状相符合的上下颌阳模2;
S4、将蜡片3加热软化后均匀铺设于步骤S3中所获的石膏阳模2表面,蜡片3自然冷却凝固后占据牙套本体3的位置,为后续牙套本体6提供了成型空间;
S5、在固化后的蜡片3表面覆盖调配好的石膏,待石膏固化后便可形成与上下颌阳模2相匹配的阴模4;
S6、将阴模4倒置,凹面向上放置,向凹面内部倒入Zr-MOF改性聚二甲基硅氧烷,同时将阳模2倒置后放入阴模4中,致使阳模2与阴模4相对合,多余的Zr-MOF改性聚二甲基硅氧烷由缝隙中排出,随后将对合后的阳模2、阴模4及位于其中间缝隙处的Zr-MOF改性聚二甲基硅氧烷一并放入80度的烤箱中加热12小时固化成型后,最后分离阳模2和阴模4得到Zr-MOF改性聚二甲基硅氧烷牙套本体6,如图3所示。
牙齿疾病检测过程如下:
首先请受试者对其口腔进行清洁,随后请受试者将上述制备得到的Zr-MOF改性聚二甲基硅氧烷牙套本体6佩戴于口腔中,佩戴过夜,特别注意在佩戴期间需要严格禁食,避免食物对检测结果的准确性产生不良影响。若受试者患有龋齿或牙周病,那么口腔中的细菌便会分解氨基酸生成相应的代谢产物,这些代谢产物中包含挥发性硫化氢气体,所述硫化氢气体会与Zr-MOF改性聚二甲基硅氧烷牙套本体6中含有的显色剂Zr-MOF发生显色反应,在自然光下便可观察到牙套本体6在患病牙位置处发生颜色变化,且颜色变化随牙齿患病严重程度的加重而增加,能够实现对牙齿患病程度的半定量检测。如果采用氧化锌荧光纳米材料做指示剂,在暗箱紫外分析仪中观察上述牙套本体6在患病牙位置,可以发现患病牙位置会出现荧光颜色变化,观察效果更加明显,易于分辨。
实施例3:
本实施例与实施例2类似,进一步的,步骤S4和步骤S5之间还包括分离液涂布步骤:
在蜡片3表面均匀涂布分离液,所述分离液位于蜡片3与阳模2相背的一侧,即分离液位于蜡片3与阴模4之间。所述分离液用于实现蜡片3与阴模4间的润滑作用,便于后续阴模4与石蜡3的完全分离。常用的分离液包括硅油、花生油、汽油中的至少一种,本实施例中分离液选用硅油。
实施例4:
本实施例与实施例2或实施例3类似,本实施例提供了一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套制备方法,该牙套专门用于检测口腔内的异常组分氨气,具体包括如下步骤:
S1、称取1.5 g的银纳米颗粒和55 g的聚二甲基硅氧烷在室温条件下混合后,在搅拌速度为300 rpm的条件下持续搅拌15 min后形成银纳米颗粒改性聚二甲基硅氧烷;
S2、将搅拌均匀的藻酸盐印模材料放入受试者的口腔中,贴近受试者上下颌放置约1分钟后,从口腔中取出提取到的牙齿印模1,随后放入水中冲洗干净后即得到固化后的牙齿印模1;
S3、去除牙齿印模1中的多余水分后,将调配好的石膏灌注至牙齿印模1中,待石膏固化后便可形成与牙齿形状相符合的上下颌阳模2;
S4、将蜡片3加热软化后均匀铺设于步骤S3中所获的石膏阳模2表面,蜡片3自然冷却凝固后占据牙套本体6的位置,为后续牙套本体6提供了成型空间;
S5、在固化后的蜡片3表面覆盖调配好的石膏,带石膏固化后便可形成与上下颌阳模2相匹配的阴模4;
S6、将阴模4倒置,凹面向上放置,向凹面内部倒入银纳米颗粒改性聚二甲基硅氧烷,同时将阳模2倒置后放入阴模4中,致使阳模2与阴模4相对合,多余的银纳米颗粒改性聚二甲基硅氧烷由缝隙中排出,随后将对合后的阳模2、阴模4及位于其中间缝隙处的银纳米颗粒改性聚二甲基硅氧烷一并放入70度的烤箱中加热14小时固化成型后,最后分离阳模2和阴模4后得到银纳米颗粒改性聚二甲基硅氧烷牙套本体6。
牙齿疾病检测过程与实施例2类似,不同之处在于受试者需要佩戴的牙套本体6为银纳米颗粒改性聚二甲基硅氧烷牙套本体,该牙套本体6的特异性是针对口腔内的氨气。当受试者患有口臭疾病,那么口腔中对应的细菌便会分解氨基酸释放出对应的氨气,所述氨气便会与银纳米颗粒改性聚二甲基硅氧烷牙套本体中的银纳米颗粒发生显色反应,致使牙套本体6在患病牙位置处发生颜色变化,进而达到牙齿疾病检测的目的。利用牙套本体6对牙齿疾病进行检测不仅可以实现对患病牙齿的位置实现定位,同时还可以对牙齿疾病实现半定量检测,便于患者对牙齿患病程度进行评估,为患者进一步选择的医治方案提供依据。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,其特征在于,包括牙套本体(6),所述牙套本体(6)与人体口腔牙齿相契合,所述牙套本体(6)能够与口腔气体中的异常成分发生显色反应。
2.如权利要求1所述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,其特征在于,所述牙套本体(6)由指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料(5)制备而成。
3.如权利要求2所述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,其特征在于,所述牙套本体(6)为弹性透明状。
4.如权利要求2所述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,其特征在于,口腔气体中的异常成分包括挥发性硫化物、氨气、丙酮中的至少一种,所述指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料(5)包括Zr-MOF改性聚二甲基硅氧烷、金属纳米颗粒改性聚二甲基硅氧烷或氧化锌改性的改性聚二甲基硅氧烷。
5.如权利要求3所述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,其特征在于,所述牙套本体(6)的厚度为1~3 mm。
6.一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套制备方法,基于权利要求1-5所述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取适量指示剂加入惰性聚合物中,充分搅拌形成指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料(5);
S2、利用藻酸盐材料提取牙齿印模(1);
S3、在固化后的牙齿印模(1)中灌注石膏,石膏固化后形成与牙齿形状相符合的阳模(2);
S4、加热软化蜡片(3),并将其作为软垫贴合于阳模(2)表面;
S5、在蜡片(3)表面覆盖石膏,所述石膏位于蜡片(3)与阳模(2)相背的一侧,石膏固化后即得阴模(4);
S6、将阴模(4)的凹面朝上,倒入指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料(5),随后将阳模(2)置于阴模(4)内,排出多余的指示剂改性惰性聚合物材料(5)后加热成型,分离得到牙套本体(6)。
7.如权利要求6所述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4和步骤S5之间还包括分离液涂布步骤:
在蜡片(3)表面均匀涂布分离液,所述分离液位于蜡片(3)与阳模(2)相背的一侧。
8.如权利要求7所述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套制备方法,其特征在于,所述分离液包括硅油、花生油、汽油中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求6所述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,指示剂与惰性聚合物的质量比为0.5-1.5:45-55,搅拌速度不低于200 rpm,搅拌时间不低于5 min。
10.如权利要求6所述一种用于检测牙齿疾病的牙套制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S6中加热成型温度控制在70-90度之间。
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