CN109657299B - Shale Gas Reservoir Exploitation Methods - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及页岩气藏开发领域，更具体地，涉及一种页岩气藏开采方法。The invention relates to the field of shale gas reservoir development, and more specifically, to a method for exploiting shale gas reservoirs.
背景技术Background technique
页岩气藏是一种连续型气体矿藏，其基本特征是分布面积大、局部地质条件变化不显著，其开发通常受区域性环境与地质条件的影响。针对这一特点，页岩气藏的开发工作模式整体探明+开发技术突破+步进式实施。一旦开发技术取得突破，具备了效益开发的基本条件，每口井的投入基本是确定的，这时经营者所面临的决策是如何步进与实施问题。更具体地说，就是如何分配每一口井的控制面积，以便平均单位面积上的储量得到最大程度上的利用、获得最大效益的问题。Shale gas reservoirs are continuous gas deposits, and their basic characteristics are large distribution area and insignificant changes in local geological conditions, and their development is usually affected by regional environmental and geological conditions. In view of this characteristic, the development work mode of shale gas reservoirs has been proved as a whole + development technology breakthrough + step-by-step implementation. Once a breakthrough is made in the development technology and the basic conditions for profitable development are met, the investment for each well is basically determined. At this time, the decision-making faced by the operator is how to proceed and implement it. More specifically, it is how to allocate the control area of each well so that the reserves per unit area can be utilized to the greatest extent and the maximum benefit can be obtained.
因此，为了解决上述现有技术的诸多不足和缺陷，有必要研究一种页岩气藏开采方法。Therefore, in order to solve the many deficiencies and defects of the above-mentioned prior art, it is necessary to study a method for exploiting shale gas reservoirs.
发明内容Contents of the invention
考虑到至少一个上述问题而完成了本发明，本发明通过页岩气井控制面积与单井累积产气量的对应关系曲线，结合经济模型，获得单井控制面积与生产收益关系曲线，从而获得页岩气藏开采方法。Considering at least one of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is completed. The present invention obtains the relationship curve between the control area of a single well and the production income through the corresponding relationship curve between the control area of a shale gas well and the cumulative gas production of a single well, in combination with an economic model, so as to obtain the shale Gas reservoir mining methods.
具体地，根据本发明一方面，提供了一种页岩气藏开采方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：Specifically, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for exploiting shale gas reservoirs is provided, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A)利用试井、产能测试获取地层裂缝动态参数，包括裂缝条数nf、裂缝长度Lf、裂缝导流能力Fc、地层内区渗透率Km1和地层外区渗透率Km2；A) Obtain dynamic parameters of formation fractures by well testing and productivity testing, including fracture number n f , fracture length L f , fracture conductivity F c , formation inner zone permeability K m1 and formation outer zone permeability K m2 ;
利用测井解释、静压测试获得地层静态参数，包括原始地层压力Pi、地层孔隙度
利用高压物性及等温吸附实验获得气体PVT参数以及郎格缪尔等温吸附特征参数VL和PL；Using high-pressure physical properties and isothermal adsorption experiments to obtain gas PVT parameters and Langmuir isothermal adsorption characteristic parameters V L and P L ;
B)固定控制面积的长度ye，通过改变宽度xe来改变控制面积值，结合步骤A)测定的参数通过单井产气量模型，确定不同单井控制面积下累积产气量与生产时间的对应关系，获得单井控制面积-累积产气量关系曲线；B) Fix the length y e of the control area, change the value of the control area by changing the width x e , combine the parameters measured in step A) through the single well gas production model, and determine the correspondence between the cumulative gas production and the production time under different single well control areas relationship, to obtain the single well control area-cumulative gas production relationship curve;
C)通过经济模型获得不同单井控制面积下净现值NPV与生产时间的对应关系，其中C) Obtain the corresponding relationship between the net present value NPV and the production time under different single well control areas through the economic model, where
其中，(CI-CO)j表示第j年的净现金流量，ir为年利率，j为第j年，n为生产周期，FC为固定总投资，Cwell为单井钻井成本，Cfracture为单簇主缝压裂成本，nf为裂缝条数；Among them, (CI-CO) j represents the net cash flow in the jth year, i r is the annual interest rate, j is the jth year, n is the production cycle, FC is the total fixed investment, C well is the drilling cost of a single well, and C fracture is the fracturing cost of a single cluster of main fractures, n f is the number of fractures;
D)进一步获得单井控制面积与净现值NPV关系曲线，以及单井控制面积与平均单位面积效益NPVa关系曲线；D) further obtain the relationship curve between single well control area and net present value NPV, and the relationship curve between single well control area and average unit area benefit NPVa;
NPVa＝NPV/SNPVa=NPV/S
确定单井控制面积与增量效益D关系曲线，Determine the relationship curve between single well control area and incremental benefit D,
D＝dNPV/dSD=dNPV/dS
确定最佳效益点S2，使满足Determine the best benefit point S2 to satisfy
dNPV/dS|s＝s2＝NPV/S|s＝s2或NPV/S|s＝s2＝MaxdNPV/dS| s=s2 ＝NPV/S| s=s2 or NPV/S| s=s2 ＝Max
当S＝S2时，单井控制面积所获效益最大，即NPVa＝K；When S=S2, the single well control area gains the greatest benefit, that is, NPVa=K;
E)测定工区面积A，设定单井控制面积为S2，设定N＝INT(A/S2)，在工区面积A内均匀设置N口井且单井控制面积为S2，进行页岩气藏开采，对工区面积A内的剩余面积S余留作日后开采，S余≥0。E) Measure the work area A, set the single well control area as S2, set N=INT(A/S2), set N wells uniformly in the work area A and the single well control area is S2, and conduct shale gas reservoir For mining, the remaining area S in the area A of the work area is reserved for future mining, and the remaining area S ≥ 0.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
本发明通过经济模型获得不同单井控制面积下净现值NPV与生产时间的对应关系，进而获得单井控制面积与净现值NPV关系曲线，以及单井控制面积与平均单位面积效益NPVa关系曲线，确定出最佳效益点S2即最佳单井控制面积，从而为页岩气藏开采提供依据。The present invention obtains the corresponding relationship between net present value NPV and production time under different single well control areas through an economic model, and then obtains the relationship curve between single well control area and net present value NPV, and the relationship curve between single well control area and average unit area benefit NPVa , to determine the best benefit point S2, that is, the best single well control area, so as to provide a basis for the exploitation of shale gas reservoirs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是根据本发明一种优选实施例的页岩气最佳单井控制面积确定流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of determining the optimal single well control area of shale gas according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图2是根据本发明一种优选实施例的单井控制面积下的分段压裂水平井生产动态物理模型。Fig. 2 is a physical model of the production performance of a staged fracturing horizontal well under the control area of a single well according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图3是根据本发明一种优选实施例的不同单井控制面积下的累积产量-时间对应关系图。Fig. 3 is a graph showing the cumulative production-time relationship under different single well control areas according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图4是根据本发明一种优选实施例的不同生产时间下单井控制面积与累积产量对应关系图。Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the control area of a single well and the cumulative production at different production times according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图5是根据本发明一种优选实施例的不同压裂长度对应的单段裂缝综合成本。Fig. 5 shows the comprehensive cost of a single-stage fracture corresponding to different fracturing lengths according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图6是根据本发明一种优选实施例的不同单井控制面积下的净现值-时间对应关系图。Fig. 6 is a graph showing the NPV-time relationship under different control areas of a single well according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图7是根据本发明一种优选实施例的不同生产时间下单井控制面积与净现值对应关系图。Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the control area of a single well and the net present value at different production times according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图8是根据本发明一种优选实施例的单井控制面积与生产效益关系曲线图。Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between single well control area and production benefit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图9是根据本发明一种优选实施例的确定单井最佳控制面积的分析图。Fig. 9 is an analysis diagram for determining the optimal control area of a single well according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图10是根据本发明一种优选实施例的井距与单井控制面积、井网密度转换表示例。Fig. 10 is an example of conversion table of well spacing, single well control area and well pattern density according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图11是根据本发明一种优选实施例的典型井基础参数数据表示例。Fig. 11 is an example of a typical well basic parameter data table according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图12是根据本发明一种优选实施例的机会成本的示意图。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of opportunity cost according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图，通过优选实施例来描述本发明的最佳实施方式，这里的具体实施方式在于详细地说明本发明，而不应理解为对本发明的限制，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质范围的情况下，可以做出各种变形和修改，这些都应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the best implementation mode of the present invention through preferred embodiment, the specific implementation mode here is to illustrate the present invention in detail, and should not be interpreted as the limitation of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention Various changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention, and these should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
参见附图1-12，优选地，本发明提供了一种提供了一种页岩气藏开采方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：Referring to accompanying drawings 1-12, preferably, the present invention provides a method for exploiting shale gas reservoirs, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
A)利用试井、产能测试获取地层裂缝动态参数，包括裂缝条数nf、裂缝长度Lf、裂缝导流能力Fc、地层内区渗透率Km1和地层外区渗透率Km2；A) Obtain dynamic parameters of formation fractures by well testing and productivity testing, including fracture number n f , fracture length L f , fracture conductivity F c , formation inner zone permeability K m1 and formation outer zone permeability K m2 ;
利用测井解释、静压测试获得地层静态参数，包括原始地层压力Pi、地层孔隙度
利用高压物性及等温吸附实验获得气体PVT参数以及郎格缪尔等温吸附特征参数VL和PL；Using high-pressure physical properties and isothermal adsorption experiments to obtain gas PVT parameters and Langmuir isothermal adsorption characteristic parameters V L and P L ;
B)固定控制面积的长度ye，通过改变宽度xe来改变控制面积值，结合步骤A)测定的参数通过单井产气量模型，确定不同单井控制面积下累积产气量与生产时间的对应关系，获得单井控制面积-累积产气量关系曲线；B) Fix the length y e of the control area, change the value of the control area by changing the width x e , combine the parameters measured in step A) through the single well gas production model, and determine the correspondence between the cumulative gas production and the production time under different single well control areas relationship, to obtain the single well control area-cumulative gas production relationship curve;
C)通过经济模型获得不同单井控制面积下净现值NPV与生产时间的对应关系，其中C) Obtain the corresponding relationship between the net present value NPV and the production time under different single well control areas through the economic model, where
其中，(CI-CO)j表示第j年的净现金流量，ir为年利率，j为第j年，n为生产周期，FC为固定总投资，Cwell为单井钻井成本，Cfracture为单簇主缝压裂成本，nf为裂缝条数；Among them, (CI-CO) j represents the net cash flow in the jth year, i r is the annual interest rate, j is the jth year, n is the production cycle, FC is the total fixed investment, C well is the drilling cost of a single well, and C fracture is the fracturing cost of a single cluster of main fractures, n f is the number of fractures;
D)进一步获得单井控制面积与净现值NPV关系曲线，以及单井控制面积与平均单位面积效益NPVa关系曲线；D) further obtain the relationship curve between single well control area and net present value NPV, and the relationship curve between single well control area and average unit area benefit NPVa;
NPVa＝NPV/SNPVa=NPV/S
确定单井控制面积与增量效益D关系曲线，Determine the relationship curve between single well control area and incremental benefit D,
D＝dNPV/dSD=dNPV/dS
确定最佳效益点S2，使满足Determine the best benefit point S2 to satisfy
dNPV/dS|s＝s2＝NPV/S|s＝s2或NPV/S|s＝s2＝MaxdNPV/dS| s=s2 ＝NPV/S| s=s2 or NPV/S| s=s2 ＝Max
当S＝S2时，单井控制面积所获效益最大，即NPVa＝K；When S=S2, the single well control area gains the greatest benefit, that is, NPVa=K;
E)测定工区面积A，设定单井控制面积为S2，设定N＝INT(A/S2)，在工区面积A内均匀设置N口井且单井控制面积为S2，进行页岩气藏开采，对工区面积A内的剩余面积S余留作日后开采，S余≥0。E) Measure the work area A, set the single well control area as S2, set N=INT(A/S2), set N wells uniformly in the work area A and the single well control area is S2, and conduct shale gas reservoir For mining, the remaining area S in the area A of the work area is reserved for future mining, and the remaining area S ≥ 0.
优选地，设定N＝INT(A/S2)具体为，对(A/S2)取整，例如A＝100，S2＝0.45，(A/S2)＝222.22，则N＝INT(A/S2)＝222。也就是说，在100平方米的工区范围内，均匀设置222口单井控制面积为0.45平方米的气井，S余＝0.1平方米，则对剩下的0.1平方面积留用。Preferably, setting N=INT(A/S2) is specifically, rounding (A/S2), such as A=100, S2=0.45, (A/S2)=222.22, then N=INT(A/S2 )=222. That is to say, within a work area of 100 square meters, 222 gas wells with a single well control area of 0.45 square meters are evenly set up, and S surplus = 0.1 square meters, then the remaining 0.1 square meters are reserved for use.
优选地，参见附图1-12，优选地，本发明还提供了一种提供了一种页岩气藏开采方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：Preferably, referring to accompanying drawings 1-12, preferably, the present invention also provides a method for exploiting shale gas reservoirs, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A)利用试井、产能测试获取地层裂缝动态参数，包括裂缝条数nf、裂缝长度Lf、裂缝导流能力Fe、地层内区渗透率Km1和地层外区渗透率Km2；A) Obtain dynamic parameters of formation fractures by well testing and productivity testing, including fracture number n f , fracture length L f , fracture conductivity F e , formation inner zone permeability K m1 and formation outer zone permeability K m2 ;
利用测井解释、静压测试获得地层静态参数，包括原始地层压力Pi、地层孔隙度
利用高压物性及等温吸附实验获得气体PVT参数以及郎格缪尔等温吸附特征参数VL和PL；Using high-pressure physical properties and isothermal adsorption experiments to obtain gas PVT parameters and Langmuir isothermal adsorption characteristic parameters V L and P L ;
B)固定控制面积的长度ye，通过改变宽度xe来改变控制面积值，结合步骤A)测定的参数通过单井产气量模型，确定不同单井控制面积下累积产气量与生产时间的对应关系，获得单井控制面积-累积产气量关系曲线；B) Fix the length y e of the control area, change the value of the control area by changing the width x e , combine the parameters measured in step A) through the single well gas production model, and determine the correspondence between the cumulative gas production and the production time under different single well control areas relationship, to obtain the single well control area-cumulative gas production relationship curve;
C)通过经济模型获得不同单井控制面积下净现值NPV与生产时间的对应关系，其中C) Obtain the corresponding relationship between the net present value NPV and the production time under different single well control areas through the economic model, where
其中，(CI-CO)j表示第j年的净现金流量，ir为年利率，j为第j年，n为生产周期，FC为固定总投资，Cwell为单井钻井成本，Cfracture为单簇主缝压裂成本，nf为裂缝条数；Among them, (CI-CO) j represents the net cash flow in the jth year, i r is the annual interest rate, j is the jth year, n is the production cycle, FC is the total fixed investment, C well is the drilling cost of a single well, and C fracture is the fracturing cost of a single cluster of main fractures, n f is the number of fractures;
D)进一步获得单井控制面积与净现值NPV关系曲线，以及单井控制面积与平均单位面积效益NPVa关系曲线；D) further obtain the relationship curve between single well control area and net present value NPV, and the relationship curve between single well control area and average unit area benefit NPVa;
NPVa＝NPV/SNPVa=NPV/S
确定单井控制面积与增量效益D关系曲线，Determine the relationship curve between single well control area and incremental benefit D,
D＝dNPV/dSD=dNPV/dS
确定最佳效益点S2，使满足Determine the best benefit point S2 to satisfy
dNPV/dS|s＝s2＝NPV/S|s＝s2或NPV/S|s＝s2＝MaxdNPV/dS| s=s2 ＝NPV/S| s=s2 or NPV/S| s=s2 ＝Max
当S＝S2时，单井控制面积所获效益最大，即NPVa＝K；当S低于或高于S2时，定义机会成本P，When S=S2, the single well control area gains the greatest benefit, that is, NPVa=K; when S is lower or higher than S2, define the opportunity cost P,
P＝K-NPVaP=K-NPVa
E)测定工区面积A，A/S2为整数时，单井控制面积取S2；E) Determining the area A of the work area, when A/S2 is an integer, the single well control area is taken as S2;
A/S2为非整数时，对A/S2取整为N，确定工区面积A内均匀布置N口井时对应的单井控制面积S2’＝A/N，工区面积A内均匀布置N+1口井时对应的单井控制面积S2”＝A/(N+1)，When A/S2 is a non-integer, round A/S2 to N, determine the corresponding single well control area S2'=A/N when N wells are evenly arranged in the work area A, and N+1 are evenly arranged in the work area A The corresponding single well control area S2”=A/(N+1) when there are two wells,
根据NPVa＝NPV/S确定S分别取S2’和S2’时对应的NPVa’和NPVa”，根据P＝K-NPVa确定NPVa分别取NPVa’和NPVa”时的P’和P”，According to NPVa=NPV/S, determine the corresponding NPVa' and NPVa" when S gets S2' and S2' respectively, and determine P' and P" when NPV gets NPVa' and NPVa" respectively according to P=K-NPVa",
当P′小于等于P″时，单井控制面积S2取S2′，否则单井控制面积S2取S2″When P' is less than or equal to P", the single well control area S2 is taken as S2', otherwise the single well control area S2 is taken as S2"
F)设定单井控制面积为S2，进行页岩气藏开采。F) Set the control area of a single well as S2 to exploit shale gas reservoirs.
优选地，控制面积为井控面积长度和宽度xe的乘积。Preferably, the control area is the product of the length and width xe of the well control area.
优选地，单井产气量模型具体为：按照图2所示物理模型，构建全生命周期气井生产动态数学模型，将步骤A)测定的参数/基础参数代入数学模型f()中，可以获得气井累积产量G与时间t的对应关系。Preferably, the single well gas production model is specifically as follows: according to the physical model shown in Figure 2, a gas well production dynamic mathematical model for the entire life cycle is constructed, and the parameters/basic parameters measured in step A) are substituted into the mathematical model f() to obtain the gas well The corresponding relationship between cumulative output G and time t.
Gp(t)＝f(Km1，Km2，Lf，Fc，nf；xe，ye；φm，Pi；PVT参数；VL，PL)G p (t) = f(K m1 , K m2 , L f , F c , n f ; x e , y e ; φ m , P i ; PVT parameters; V L , P L )
有利地，本发明通过经济模型获得不同单井控制面积下净现值NPV与生产时间的对应关系，进而获得单井控制面积与净现值NPV关系曲线，以及单井控制面积与平均单位面积效益NPVa关系曲线，确定出最佳效益点S2即最佳单井控制面积，从而为页岩气藏开采提供依据。Advantageously, the present invention obtains the corresponding relationship between net present value NPV and production time under different single well control areas through an economic model, and then obtains the relationship curve between single well control area and net present value NPV, and single well control area and average unit area benefit The NPVa relationship curve determines the best benefit point S2, which is the best single well control area, so as to provide a basis for the development of shale gas reservoirs.
实施例2Example 2
参见图1-12，优选地，本发明提供了一种页岩气藏开采方法，以中国四川盆地页岩气产区某口典型开发井为例说明实施过程。具体地，该方法包括以下步骤：Referring to Figures 1-12, preferably, the present invention provides a method for exploiting shale gas reservoirs, and the implementation process is illustrated by taking a typical development well in a shale gas production area in the Sichuan Basin of China as an example. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:
在步骤A)中，利用矿场测试和实验测试，获得该井相应的静态地质参数，利用压裂施工和动态监测，获得该井相应的动态工程参数，具体包括：In step A), the corresponding static geological parameters of the well are obtained by field testing and experimental testing, and the corresponding dynamic engineering parameters of the well are obtained by fracturing construction and dynamic monitoring, specifically including:
A1)利用试井、产能测试获取动态数据，通过分析获得相关的地层、裂缝动态参数，包括裂缝条数nf、裂缝长度Lf、裂缝导流能力Fc、地层内区渗透率Km1和地层外区渗透率Km2；A1) Obtain dynamic data through well testing and productivity testing, and obtain relevant formation and fracture dynamic parameters through analysis, including fracture number n f , fracture length L f , fracture conductivity F c , formation inner zone permeability K m1 and Permeability K m2 of the outer zone of the formation;
A2)利用测井解释、静压测试，通过分析获得地层静态参数，包括原始地层压力Pi、地层孔隙度
A3)利用高压物性及等温吸附实验获得气体PVT参数、郎格缪尔等温吸附特征参数VL和PL。A3) Obtain gas PVT parameters, Langmuir isotherm adsorption characteristic parameters V L and PL by using high-pressure physical properties and isothermal adsorption experiments.
以上动静态数据总结在图11中。The above dynamic and static data are summarized in Figure 11.
在步骤B)中，固定控制面积长度，通过改变控制面积宽度xe来改变控制面积值。优选地，这里裂缝长度和面积宽度之间比值设定为常数Ix＝Lf/xe。本实施例中设定控制面积xe＝100～450m，相应的裂缝长度Lf＝80～360m，结合步骤A)提供的基础参数代入单井产气量模型进行计算。图3反映了不同单井控制面积下累积产量与生产时间的对应关系，单井控制面积越大，累积产量越高。图4反映了不同生产时间下单井控制面积与累积产量的对应关系，生产周期越长，单井控制面积对累积产量影响越显著。In step B), the length of the control area is fixed, and the value of the control area is changed by changing the width x e of the control area. Preferably, the ratio between the crack length and the area width is set as a constant I x =L f /x e . In this embodiment, the control area x e is set to be 100-450 m, and the corresponding fracture length L f is 80-360 m, and the basic parameters provided in step A) are substituted into the single well gas production model for calculation. Figure 3 reflects the corresponding relationship between cumulative production and production time under different single well control areas. The larger the single well control area, the higher the cumulative production. Figure 4 reflects the corresponding relationship between single well control area and cumulative production at different production times. The longer the production cycle, the more significant the impact of single well control area on cumulative production.
在步骤C)中，引入经济模型，其中净现值公式如：In step C), an economic model is introduced, where the net present value formula is as follows:
这里，(CI-CO)j表示第j年的净现金流量，ir为年利率，j为第j年，n为生产周期，FC为固定总投资(设备成本等)，Cwell为单井钻井成本，Cfracture为单簇(主缝)压裂成本，nf为裂缝条数。Here, (CI-CO) j represents the net cash flow in the jth year, i r is the annual interest rate, j is the jth year, n is the production cycle, FC is the total fixed investment (equipment cost, etc.), and C well is a single well Drilling cost, C fracture is the fracturing cost of a single cluster (main fracture), n f is the number of fractures.
在步骤C1)中，单井综合成本(除压裂外)为4000万元，年利率为10％，气价为1.2元/m3，周期为20年。不同压裂长度成本呈指数式增加，如图5。In step C1), the comprehensive cost of a single well (excluding fracturing) is 40 million yuan, the annual interest rate is 10%, the gas price is 1.2 yuan/m 3 , and the cycle is 20 years. The cost of different fracturing lengths increases exponentially, as shown in Figure 5.
在步骤C2)中，根据步骤B)中提供的单井累积产量曲线结合公式(1)获得单井净现值。图6显示了不同单井控制面积下净现值与生产时间的对应关系，对于生产时间较短、单井控制面积较小情况下，单井净现值会出现负值。图7显示了不同周期下单井控制面积与单井净现值关系。In step C2), the net present value of a single well is obtained according to the cumulative production curve of a single well provided in step B) combined with formula (1). Figure 6 shows the corresponding relationship between the net present value and production time under different single well control area. For the case of short production time and small single well control area, the single well net present value will appear negative. Figure 7 shows the relationship between the control area of a single well and the net present value of a single well in different periods.
在步骤D)中，确定最佳单井控制面积。In step D), the optimal single well control area is determined.
在步骤D1)中，获得单井控制面积与生产效益关系曲线(图8中曲线1)。In step D1), the relationship curve between the control area of a single well and the production benefit (
在步骤D2)中，确定单井控制面积与平均单位面积效益(NPVa)关系曲线，即规模效应(图8中曲线2)。In step D2), the relationship curve between the control area of a single well and the average benefit per unit area (NPVa), that is, the scale effect (
NPVa＝NPV/S (2)NPVa = NPV/S (2)
在步骤D3)中，确定单井控制面积与增量效益(D)关系曲线，即边际效应(图8中曲线3)。In step D3), the relationship curve between single well control area and incremental benefit (D), that is, the marginal effect (
D＝dNPV/dS (3)D = dNPV/dS (3)
在步骤D4)中，确定盈亏平衡点S1(图9)，是满足In step D4), determine break-even point S1 (Fig. 9), is to satisfy
NPV|s＝s1＝0或NPVa|s＝s1＝0 (4)NPV| s=s1 =0 or NPVa| s=s1 =0 (4)
这是单井控制面积最低极限，低于此值时单井生产收益将不抵投入。This is the lowest limit of the control area of a single well, and the production income of a single well will not be worth the investment if it is lower than this value.
在步骤D5)中，确定最佳效益点S2(图9)，使满足In step D5), determine the best benefit point S2 (Fig. 9), so that satisfy
dNPV/dS|s＝s2＝NPV/S|s＝s2或NPV/S|s＝s2＝Max (5)dNPV/dS| s = s2 = NPV/S| s = s2 or NPV/S| s = s2 = Max (5)
将S2确定为最佳单井控制面积。Determine S2 as the optimal single well control area.
E)设定单井控制面积为S2，进行页岩气藏开采。E) Set the control area of a single well as S2 to exploit shale gas reservoirs.
优选地，当S＝S2时，单井控制面积所获效益最大，即NPVa＝K，当S低于或高于S2时，实际效益均低于此值。参见图12，确定机会成本P，定义Preferably, when S=S2, the benefit obtained by controlling the area of a single well is the largest, that is, NPVa=K, and when S is lower or higher than S2, the actual benefit is lower than this value. Referring to Figure 12, to determine the opportunity cost P, define
P＝K-NPVa (6)P=K-NPVa (6)
则P可以衡量机会成本的大小。其含义即为当S值偏离最优值时或然效益损失。其或然性在于，如果有机会将不足面积补足或将超过的面积用于打新井，可以获得更多的效益。这更好的效益与实际效益之差就是或然的机会损失。对于连续性油藏而言，这样的机会是现实存在的，或然就成为必然。根据P值对S的敏感性以及P值在S2点两侧的不对称性，可以有效地对决策过程进行指导。优选地，测定工区面积A，A/S2为整数时，单井控制面积取S2；Then P can measure the size of the opportunity cost. Its meaning is the contingent benefit loss when the S value deviates from the optimal value. The possibility is that if there is an opportunity to make up the insufficient area or use the excess area to drill new wells, more benefits can be obtained. The difference between this better benefit and the actual benefit is the contingent opportunity loss. For continuous reservoirs, such opportunities are real, and perhaps inevitable. According to the sensitivity of P value to S and the asymmetry of P value on both sides of S2 point, the decision-making process can be effectively guided. Preferably, when determining the working area A, when A/S2 is an integer, the single well control area is taken as S2;
A/S2为非整数时，对A/S2取整为N，确定工区面积A内均匀布置N口井时对应的单井控制面积S2’＝A/N，工区面积A内均匀布置N+1口井时对应的单井控制面积S2”＝A/(N+1)，When A/S2 is a non-integer, round A/S2 to N, determine the corresponding single well control area S2'=A/N when N wells are evenly arranged in the work area A, and N+1 are evenly arranged in the work area A The corresponding single well control area S2”=A/(N+1) when there are two wells,
根据NPVa＝NPV/S确定S分别取S2’和S2’时对应的NPVa’和NPVa”，根据P＝K-NPVa确定NPVa分别取NPVa’和NPVa”时的P’和P”，According to NPVa=NPV/S, determine the corresponding NPVa' and NPVa" when S gets S2' and S2' respectively, and determine P' and P" when NPV gets NPVa' and NPVa" respectively according to P=K-NPVa",
当P′小于等于P″时，单井控制面积S2取S2′，否则单井控制面积S2取S2″。When P' is less than or equal to P", the single well control area S2 is S2', otherwise the single well control area S2 is S2".
实施例3Example 3
优选地，本发明提供了一种页岩气藏开采方法，该方法包括以下步骤：Preferably, the present invention provides a method for exploiting shale gas reservoirs, the method comprising the following steps:
步骤A)，根据图2中的物理模型，使用分段压裂水平井开采页岩气藏，气体从地层流入裂缝、从裂缝流入水平井筒。使用全生命周期动态模拟方法计算单井产气量、累积产量与时间的对应关系。In step A), according to the physical model in Fig. 2, the staged fracturing horizontal well is used to exploit the shale gas reservoir, and the gas flows from the formation into fractures, and from the fractures into the horizontal wellbore. Use the dynamic simulation method of the whole life cycle to calculate the corresponding relationship between single well gas production, cumulative production and time.
步骤B)，本发明通过井控面积宽度xe来改变单井控制面积，明确不同单井控制面积与单井累积产气量的对应关系。井控面积宽度(即对应井距)与单井控制面积、井网密度转换关系总结在图10中。Step B), the present invention changes the control area of a single well through the width xe of the well control area, and clarifies the corresponding relationship between different control areas of a single well and the cumulative gas production of a single well. The conversion relationship between well control area width (ie corresponding well spacing) and single well control area and well pattern density is summarized in Fig. 10.
步骤C)，单井累积产量曲线结合净现值NPV模型，获得不同单井控制面积与生产效益关系的对应关系曲线。净现值模型中不同单井控制面积对应的压裂成本不同。In step C), the single well cumulative production curve is combined with the net present value NPV model to obtain a corresponding relationship curve between different single well control areas and production benefits. In the net present value model, the fracturing costs corresponding to different single well control areas are different.
步骤D)，根据生产效益关系曲线，使用图解法获得最佳单井控制面积和/或相应的最优技术参数。In step D), according to the production-benefit relationship curve, the optimal single-well control area and/or corresponding optimal technical parameters are obtained using a graphical method.
综上所述，本发明的有益效果在于：In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明通过经济模型获得不同单井控制面积下净现值NPV与生产时间的对应关系，进而获得单井控制面积与净现值NPV关系曲线，以及单井控制面积与平均单位面积效益NPVa关系曲线，确定出最佳效益点S2即最佳单井控制面积，从而为页岩气藏开采提供依据。The present invention obtains the corresponding relationship between net present value NPV and production time under different single well control areas through an economic model, and then obtains the relationship curve between single well control area and net present value NPV, and the relationship curve between single well control area and average unit area benefit NPVa , to determine the best benefit point S2, that is, the best single well control area, so as to provide a basis for the exploitation of shale gas reservoirs.
本发明不限于上述具体实施例。可以理解的是，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质范围的情况下，可以做出各种变形和修改，这些都应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The present invention is not limited to the specific examples described above. It can be understood that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and essential scope of the present invention, and these should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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Inventor after: Jia Ailin Inventor after: Guo Jianlin Inventor after: Yun Sheng Wei Inventor after: Jia Chengye Inventor after: Wang Junlei Inventor before: Guo Jianlin Inventor before: Jia Ailin Inventor before: Yun Sheng Wei Inventor before: Jia Chengye Inventor before: Wang Junlei |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20230117 |