CN109655907A - Imaging trace gather automatic pick method and system based on structure tensor - Google Patents
Imaging trace gather automatic pick method and system based on structure tensor Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/34—Displaying seismic recordings or visualisation of seismic data or attributes
- G01V1/345—Visualisation of seismic data or attributes, e.g. in 3D cubes
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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- G01V2210/63—Seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, polarity, instant phase
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract
The invention proposes the invention belongs to the seismic imagings in oil-gas exploration and development and inverting field, and in particular to a kind of imaging trace gather automatic pick method and system based on structure tensor, this method comprises: imaging trace gather is regarded as two-dimension earthquake image；The geometrical characteristic of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up using structure tensor method；The layer position of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up based on the geometrical characteristic；Trace gather is imaged in horizon picking based on the two-dimension earthquake image.The present invention lays particular stress on the geometrical characteristic using imaging trace gather compared to traditional technology, therefore more adapts to seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio；On the other hand the technology is to the geometric shape of CIG without it is assumed that the automatic Picking precision of complex geometry form CIG can be effectively ensured.The present invention can provide the input of high quality for seismic tomography velocity modeling technology, and the velocity modeling precision for improving land-based data has preferable application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs in oil-gas exploration and development seismic imaging and inverting field, and in particular to one kind be based on picture structure
The imaging trace gather automatic pick method and system of tensor.
Background technique
The target of seismic exploration technique is to realize the positioning to underground structure using seismic imaging technology, identify and retouch
It states, provides intuitive, reliable foundation for the exploration of subterranean oil gas reservoir.And seismic imaging technology mainly includes migration imaging and anti-
Drill two aspects.The essence of migration imaging is to carry out forward and reverse propagation using the seismic wave field record observed, while eliminating ground
The propagation effect of seismic wave finally obtains the process of subsurface geologic structures image；The essence of inverting is according to observation data and the earth
Functional relation between physical model statistic property, reverse Mapping seek the process of geophysical model.Therefore, in essence, instead
It drills more extensive compared with the application of migration imaging.
Conventional seismic inversion imaging mainly includes seismic tomography inverting, least square pre-stack depth migration and AVO/AVA
This three core technologies of inverting, and two technologies are able to the basis successfully realized and premise after seismic tomography inversion technique is even more.
Tomographic inversion is industrially to be most widely used tomographic inversion technology at present after offset based on imaging trace gather, and the technology is because adapting to
Lateral velocity variation medium obtains the consistent approval of industry, restrict at present the technology keep in practical applications stability it is crucial because
Element first is that imaging trace gather (Common Image Gather, lower abbreviation CIG) automatic Picking technology.
China's Exploration of Oil And Gas (such as middle petroleum, middle petrochemical industry) is distributed in land exploratory area mostly, and earth's surface situation is complicated, earthquake
Data signal-to-noise ratio is low, and conventional CIG automatic Picking technology is superimposed based on polynomial scanning, vulnerable to the influence of anomalous amplitude, and
The CIG of complicated form can not be described, quality is picked up and is difficult to meet the tomographic inversion precision in complex dielectrics, seriously reduce reality
The practicability of Tomography Velocity modeling technique, and then cause the seismic imaging quality in the land exploratory area in China not high, limit complicated oil
The deepening development of gas reservoir regional exploration exploitation.
Summary of the invention
Showing for seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio and complex geometry form CIG can not be adapted to according to conventional CIG automatic Picking technology
Shape, the present invention propose a kind of imaging trace gather automatic Picking technology based on structure tensor, more utilize imaging trace gather
Geometrical characteristic, and to the geometric shape of CIG without it is assumed that improve the automatic Picking precision of CIG, for seismic tomography velocity modeling skill
The input of art offer high quality.
The CIG automatic Picking technology based on structure tensor that present invention relates particularly to a kind of, is regarded as one for CIG trace gather
Two dimensional image, the automatic Picking of CIG are converted into the automatic tracing problem of seismic horizon.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of imaging trace gather automatic pick method based on structure tensor is provided,
Include:
Imaging trace gather is regarded as two-dimension earthquake image；
The geometrical characteristic of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up using structure tensor method；
The layer position of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up based on the geometrical characteristic；
Trace gather is imaged in horizon picking based on the two-dimension earthquake image.
It further, include that calculating is orthogonal to two dimension using the geometrical characteristic that structure tensor method picks up two-dimension earthquake image
The feature vector v in the main structure direction of seismic image1, unit character vector v1It is denoted as v1=(nx, nz), nx, nzIt is coordinate respectively
Component on the direction axis x, z.
Further, by solving following formula (5):
Obtain the amount of movement s (x, z) of seismic horizon in the depth direction about constant value τ (x, z).
Further, the layer position of the two-dimension earthquake image is defined as:
τ (x, z)=z+s (x, z) (3)
Further, the three-dimensional properties data at any point in two-dimension earthquake image are indicated based on constant value τ (x, z) construction
Body (x, z, τ), and map and obtain horizon picking depth values data body hv (x, τ), it is denoted as:
Hv (x, τ)=z (7)
Variable τ is fixed as constant, τ0, obtain imaging trace gather curveDepth value on each coordinate is as follows:
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of imaging trace gather automatic Picking system based on structure tensor is provided,
Include:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Imaging trace gather is regarded as two-dimension earthquake image；
The geometrical characteristic of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up using structure tensor method；
The layer position of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up based on the geometrical characteristic；
Trace gather is imaged in horizon picking based on the two-dimension earthquake image.
Effect of the invention is embodied in: first, the CIG automatic Picking technology based on structure tensor more lays particular stress on utilization
The geometrical characteristic of image reduces the degree of dependence to image amplitude, to more adapt to seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio；Second,
The automatic Picking technology is to the geometric shape of CIG without any it is assumed that the CIG for being therefore adapted to arbitrarily complicated form is picked up automatically
It takes, ensure that the precision of automatic Picking.
Detailed description of the invention
Disclosure illustrative embodiments are described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the disclosure above-mentioned and its
Its purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in disclosure illustrative embodiments, identical reference label
Typically represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows theoretical model CIG data, and totally 16 CIG are horizontally arranged in a section.
Fig. 2 shows the seismic image longitudinal movement amounts being calculated by theoretical model CIG data in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows the horizon picking depth values data body being calculated by theoretical model CIG data in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is shown by theoretical model CIG data pickup quality monitoring in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 shows another theoretical model CIG data pickup quality monitoring.
The CIG that Fig. 6 shows certain land three-dimensional real data A picks up outcome quality monitoring.
The CIG that Fig. 7 shows certain land three-dimensional real data B picks up outcome quality monitoring.
The CIG that Fig. 8 shows certain land three-dimensional real data C picks up outcome quality monitoring.
Fig. 9 shows the method flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in attached drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without the embodiment party that should be illustrated here
Formula is limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be more thorough and complete, and can be by the disclosure
Range is completely communicated to those skilled in the art.
The invention belongs in oil-gas exploration and development seismic imaging and inverting field, and in particular to one kind be based on picture structure
Imaging trace gather (CIG) automatic Picking technology of tensor.Conventional CIG automatic Picking technology is superimposed based on polynomial scanning, easily
It is influenced by anomalous amplitude, and the CIG of complicated form can not be described, picked up quality and be difficult to meet the tomographic inversion in complex dielectrics
Precision seriously reduces the practicability of practical chromatography velocity modeling technology.
The present invention proposes a kind of imaging trace gather automatic Picking technology in structure tensor, lays particular stress on benefit compared to traditional technology
With imaging trace gather geometrical characteristic, therefore more adapt to seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio；On the other hand geometric form of the technology to CIG
State is without it is assumed that the automatic Picking precision of complex geometry form CIG can be effectively ensured.The present invention can be seismic tomography velocity modeling skill
Art provides the input of high quality, and the velocity modeling precision for improving land-based data has preferable application value.
As shown in figure 9, according to an aspect of the present invention, it is automatic to provide a kind of imaging trace gather based on structure tensor
Pick-up method, comprising:
Imaging trace gather is regarded as two-dimension earthquake image；
The geometrical characteristic of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up using structure tensor method；
The layer position of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up based on the geometrical characteristic；
Trace gather is imaged in horizon picking based on the two-dimension earthquake image.
CIG automatic Picking technology based on structure tensor of the invention, is that CIG trace gather is regarded as to an X-Y scheme
Picture converts the automatic Picking of CIG to the automatic tracing problem of seismic horizon.This hair is specifically described from technical principle below
Bright specific implementation details.
(1) technical principle
1. structure tensor method picks up the part trend and normal direction of seismic image
The present invention moves towards information and local normal direction letter using the part that structure tensor algorithm calculates seismic image (CIG trace gather)
Breath.If I is two-dimension earthquake image, the structure tensor of representation space directional information is defined by image gradient value in two-dimensional image I, is tied
The change direction in structure tensor representation region and variable quantity size along change direction, seismic strata texture and tomography texture are by part
Each point azimuth information variation relation determines.
It introduces Gaussian function and obscures local detail, so that structure tensor highlights the complexity of signal in region.
To two dimensional image, structure tensor is the matrix of a 2*2:
Wherein gxWith gzThe gradient of seismic image both horizontally and vertically is represented, it is smooth that<>represents dimensional Gaussian
Filtering.
For positive semidefinite matrix G, eigen vector can be by solving | G- λ I |=0 obtains:
λ1: maximum eigenvalue, tensor energy is in first feature vector direction v1Energy.
λ2: minimal eigenvalue, tensor energy is in second feature vector direction v2Energy.
(λ1-λ2)/λ1: the linearity reflects the consistency of local direction.
Feature vector describes the directionality of image local linear structure, for each point of image, feature vector v1Just
Meet at the main structure direction of image, feature vector v2It is parallel to the main structure direction of image.
Therefore, according to the physical significance of structure tensor algorithm, the local linear that any point in image can be calculated refers to
Mark (λ1-λ2)/λ1, topography normal orientation unit vector v1With topography tangential direction unit direction vector v2.It is worth note
Meaning, structure tensor algorithm adapts to seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio, therefore can be used to steadily pick up underground Local Layer side
To information.
The present invention is by unit character vector v1It is denoted as v1=(nx, nz), facilitate next part to illustrate picking up automatically for CIG trace gather
Take algorithm, nx, nzIt is the component on reference axis x, z direction respectively.
2. the automatic Picking of CIG trace gather
The pickup of CIG trace gather is carried out present invention employs a kind of method of linear inversion.This method and traditional CIG are bent
Line fitting has larger difference in principle, and independent of the influence of the parameters such as superposition window length, wavelet dominant frequency, while this method considers
Mainly image geometrical characteristic, the not influence vulnerable to anomalous amplitude value.In addition, this method is to the geometric shape of CIG without vacation
If the CIG automatic Picking under being adapted to complex geological condition.
The layer position (lineups) that the pickup of CIG trace gather can be regarded as image is picked up, and from the geometric meaning of layer position, will be schemed
The layer position of picture is defined as:
τ (x, z)=z+s (x, z) (3)
The all the points fallen on same layer position are equal to a constant value τ (x, z) along depth direction translation s (x, z) afterwards, this is fixed
Right way of conduct formula only considers the geometrical feature of image, lower to the degree of dependence of anomalous amplitude, therefore is superimposed class compared with conventional amplitude
Mode (such as fitting of a polynomial superposition, local dip superposition) is more suitable seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio.
If the normal vector of any point is (n on the image being calculated using structure tensor algorithmx, nz), then layer position should meet
Following geometrical relationship:
The geometric meaning of formula (4) are as follows: utilize the normal vector for the seismic horizon curve that gradient derivation formula is calculatedIt should be with the normal vector (n that is picked up using structure tensorx, nz) parallel.It brings formula (3) into formula (4), obtains
The equation group for being amount of movement s (x, z) to unknown number:
Solve system of equation (5), movement of the seismic horizon about constant value τ (x, z) in the depth direction on available CIG
It measures s (x, z).For given CIG trace gather, the indirect problem of above-mentioned equation (5) description be it is linear, this makes it independent of first
Begin solution.
Consider that actual CIG picks up problem, towards a certain CIG curveThe CIG being picked is at x=0
Depth value be it is known, enable z (0)=z0.In addition, the point fallen on same CIG curve is full according to the geometric meaning of formula (3)
Sufficient τ (x, z) is this condition of constant, and enabling the constant is τ0, have using formula (3):
For any point in image, a three-dimensional properties data volume (x, z, τ) can be constructed, is belonged to using the three-dimensional
Property data volume can construct from (x, τ) arrive z mapping, be denoted as:
Hv (x, τ)=z (7)
According to above-mentioned mapping, variable τ is fixed as constant, τ0, available CIG curveOn each coordinate
Depth value is as follows:
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of imaging trace gather automatic Picking system based on structure tensor is provided,
Include:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Imaging trace gather is regarded as two-dimension earthquake image；
The geometrical characteristic of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up using structure tensor method；
The layer position of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up based on the geometrical characteristic；
Trace gather is imaged in horizon picking based on the two-dimension earthquake image.
A concrete application example is given below in the scheme and its effect of the embodiment of the present invention for ease of understanding.This field
It should be understood to the one skilled in the art that the example is only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, any detail is not intended to be limited in any way
The system present invention.
As shown in Figure 1 it is gross data CIG, according to theoretical model forward modelling big gun data and implements migration imaging and be somebody's turn to do
The CIG of gross data illustrates implementation process of the invention, and the precision and adaptability of verification technique with this data.
It is illustrated in figure 2 translational movement of the seismic image along depth direction, solve system of equation (5) obtains every on image in Fig. 1
A little along the translational movement of depth direction, it can be seen that translational movement is more smooth in the region entirety for having seismic event to occur, tool
There is preferable stability.
It is illustrated in figure 3 horizon picking depth values data body, calculated using formula (3) and constructs three-dimensional properties data
Body can map to obtain horizon picking depth values data body using formula (7).The fixed constant value for representing a certain CIG, Ji Keli
The CIG picked up is extracted with formula (8), and trace gather is imaged.
The overlapping for being illustrated in figure 4 CIG (Grey curves in figure) and the CIG image picked up is shown, it can be seen that is picked up
Trace gather CIG curve and practical CIG Distribution Pattern coincide preferably, demonstrate the correctness of the technology of the present invention.Fig. 5 is another theoretical value
According to CIG pick up outcome quality monitoring figure, the same CIG and practical CIG that picks up has rate of preferably coincideing.
Fig. 6,7,8 are respectively that the CIG of three actual seismic data picks up result displaying, for illustrating the technology of the present invention to multiple
The adaptability of miscellaneous form CIG and seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio.Fig. 6, there is complex geometry form spread in CIG curve in 7, wherein scheming
CIG shows non-monotonic feature in 6, and details shake locally occurs in CIG in Fig. 7, and the technology of the present invention achieves ideal pickup
Effect.CIG shows as low signal-to-noise ratio in Fig. 8, and the successful implementation of the technology of the present invention demonstrates algorithm to seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio
With stronger adaptability.
The presently disclosed embodiments, above description be exemplary, and non-exclusive, and is also not necessarily limited to disclosed
Each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for the common skill of the art
Many modifications and changes are obvious for art personnel.The selection of term used herein, it is intended to best explain each
The principle of embodiment, practical application or to the technological improvement in market, or make other those of ordinary skill of the art
It can understand each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of imaging trace gather automatic pick method based on structure tensor characterized by comprising
Imaging trace gather is regarded as two-dimension earthquake image；
The geometrical characteristic of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up using structure tensor method；
The layer position of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up based on the geometrical characteristic；
Trace gather is imaged in horizon picking based on the two-dimension earthquake image.
2. the imaging trace gather automatic pick method according to claim 1 based on structure tensor, which is characterized in that benefit
Include with the geometrical characteristic that structure tensor method picks up two-dimension earthquake image, calculates the main structure direction for being orthogonal to two-dimension earthquake image
Feature vector v1, unit character vector v1It is denoted as v1=(nx, nz), nx, nzIt is the component on reference axis x, z direction respectively.
3. the imaging trace gather automatic pick method according to claim 2 based on structure tensor, which is characterized in that logical
Cross solution following formula (5):
The amount of movement s (x, z) of seismic horizon in the depth direction about constant value τ (x, z) is obtained, x, z are rectangular co-ordinate respectively
System is horizontally and vertically.
4. the imaging trace gather automatic pick method according to claim 3 based on structure tensor, which is characterized in that institute
State the layer position of two-dimension earthquake image is defined as:
τ (x, z)=z+s (x, z) (3).
5. the imaging trace gather automatic pick method according to claim 4 based on structure tensor, which is characterized in that base
The three-dimensional properties data volume (x, z, τ) for indicating any point in two-dimension earthquake image is constructed in constant value τ (x, z), and is mapped
To horizon picking depth values data body hv (x, τ), it is denoted as:
Hv (x, τ)=z (7)
Variable τ is fixed as constant, τ0, obtain imaging trace gather curveDepth value on each coordinate is as follows:
6. a kind of imaging trace gather automatic Picking system based on structure tensor characterized by comprising
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Imaging trace gather is regarded as two-dimension earthquake image；
The geometrical characteristic of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up using structure tensor method；
The layer position of two-dimension earthquake image is picked up based on the geometrical characteristic；
Trace gather is imaged in horizon picking based on the two-dimension earthquake image.
7. the imaging trace gather automatic Picking system according to claim 6 based on structure tensor, which is characterized in that benefit
Include with the geometrical characteristic that structure tensor method picks up two-dimension earthquake image, calculates the main structure direction for being orthogonal to two-dimension earthquake image
Feature vector v1, unit character vector v1It is denoted as v1=(nx, nz), nx, nzIt is the component on reference axis x, z direction respectively.
8. the imaging trace gather automatic pick method according to claim 7 based on structure tensor, which is characterized in that logical
Cross solution following formula (5):
The amount of movement s (x, z) of seismic horizon in the depth direction about constant value τ (x, z) is obtained, x, z are rectangular co-ordinate respectively
System is horizontally and vertically.
9. the imaging trace gather automatic Picking system according to claim 8 based on structure tensor, which is characterized in that institute
State the layer position of two-dimension earthquake image is defined as:
τ (x, z)=z+s (x, z) (3).
10. the imaging trace gather automatic Picking system according to claim 9 based on structure tensor, which is characterized in that
The three-dimensional properties data volume (x, z, τ) for indicating any point in two-dimension earthquake image is constructed based on constant value τ (x, z), and is mapped
Horizon picking depth values data body hv (x, τ) is obtained, is denoted as:
Hv (x, τ)=z (7)
Variable τ is fixed as constant, τ0, obtain imaging trace gather curveDepth value on each coordinate is as follows:
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| CN103364835A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2013-10-23 | 西安交通大学 | Stratum structure self-adaption median filtering method |
| CN105319589A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-02-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Full-automatic three-dimensional tomography inversion method using a local event slope |
| CN104122584A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-10-29 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Method and device for determining directionality according to seismic data |
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