CN109655885B - Automatic first arrival picking method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
An automatic first arrival picking method and system are disclosed. The method comprises the following steps: 1) slicing the shot gather seismic data; 2) scanning the seismic data of the slices at a scanning speed interval within a set scanning speed interval to obtain an energy value set; 3) determining an energy takeoff point based on the set of energy values; 4) calculating to obtain a reference first arrival value based on the speed value of the energy jump point; 5) and defining a time window for first arrival picking. The method can automatically acquire the position of the first arrival, and lays a good foundation for picking up the first arrival more accurately in the follow-up process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum seismic exploration data processing, in particular to a first-arrival picking method and a system.
Background
The seismic wave first arrival pickup is a key link of seismic data processing and plays an important role in surface static correction and tomography. The automation degree of a first arrival picking module in the existing first arrival picking algorithm and commercial processing software is not high, a large amount of manual interaction operation is required before and after the first arrival picking, and the efficiency of data processing is greatly reduced in the process.
The conventional first arrival picking algorithms are many, no matter energy ratio algorithm, correlation method, fractal dimension or neural network method, the processing objects are all whole channel seismic data, on one hand, the calculation amount is increased in the calculation process, and on the other hand, the picking precision is reduced. In the common commercial software Seislab, the first arrival reference line needs to be picked up through manual interaction operation, and one first arrival reference line needs to be picked up every few cannons, which is time-consuming, and the picking results of different processing personnel are different, so that the final first arrival picking is inconsistent. With the improvement of the seismic acquisition technology, the data volume of seismic data shows an exponential growth trend, and in the face of massive seismic data, a conventional first arrival pickup method and a first arrival pickup module in common commercial software cannot meet the requirement of real-time processing. For seismic data with different signal-to-noise ratios, it is difficult to rapidly and accurately pick up first arrivals by using a single first arrival picking algorithm, and a plurality of process flows are required to automatically pick up first arrivals. Therefore, there is a need to develop a method and system for automatic first-arrival picking.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic first arrival picking method and system.
According to one aspect of the present invention, an automatic first arrival picking method is provided. The method comprises the following steps:
1) slicing the shot gather seismic data;
2) scanning the seismic data of the slices at a scanning speed interval within a set scanning speed interval to obtain an energy value set;
3) determining an energy takeoff point based on the set of energy values;
4) calculating to obtain a reference first arrival value based on the speed value of the energy jump point;
5) and defining a time window for first arrival picking.
Preferably, 2.1) sets a scanning speed interval [ v ] for scannings,ve]And a scanning velocity interval v0；
2.2) inScanning velocity interval [ v ]s,ve]At a scanning speed interval v0Scanning each trace of seismic data { s (1), s (2),.., s (n) };
2.3) for the ith sampling point in each trace of seismic data, calculating v by the following formulaiThe value of (c):
wherein s isoffRepresenting the offset, s, corresponding to the seismic data trackinteA sampling interval representing the trace of seismic data;
2.4) if vk≤vi＜vk+1The energy of the sample point is counted into the energy of the scan, where vk、vk+1In terms of scanning speed, k is 1, 2.., m, and m is the number of scans;
2.5) at the end of m scans, a set of energy values { e (1), e (2) }.
Preferably, for the j-th scan, its opposite tip aic value is calculated by the following formula:
wherein,
point j that will satisfy the following equation0As a jump-able point:
preferably, the value of the reference first arrival is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein,soffrepresenting the offset, v, corresponding to the trace of seismic dataj＝j0*v0，j0Is the energy takeoff point.
Preferably, the abnormal first arrivals above the reference first arrivals obtained in step 4) are removed from the seismic profile as abnormal first arrivals.
Preferably, the set scanning speed interval is 0m/s-8000m/s, and the scanning speed interval v is0＝50m/s。
Preferably, the shot gather seismic data is sliced at the receive line and normal to the receive line.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an automated first arrival picking system is provided. The system comprises:
a memory having computer-executable instructions stored thereon;
a processor that when executing computer executable instructions performs the steps of:
1) slicing the shot gather seismic data;
2) scanning the seismic data of the slices at a scanning speed interval within a set scanning speed interval to obtain an energy value set;
3) determining an energy takeoff point based on the set of energy values;
4) calculating to obtain a reference first arrival value based on the speed value of the energy jump point;
5) and defining a time window for first arrival picking.
Preferably, 2.1) sets a scanning speed interval [ v ] for scannings,ve]And a scanning velocity interval v0；
2.2) in the scanning speed interval [ vs,ve]At a scanning speed interval v0Scanning each trace of seismic data { s (1), s (2),.., s (n) };
2.3) for the ith sampling point in each trace of seismic data, calculating v by the following formulaiThe value of (c):
wherein s isoffRepresenting the offset, s, corresponding to the seismic data trackinteA sampling interval representing the trace of seismic data;
2.4) if vk≤vi＜vk+1Then the energy of the sampling point is counted into the energy of the scanning,
wherein v isk、vk+1In terms of scanning speed, k is 1, 2.., m, and m is the number of scans;
2.5) at the end of m scans, a set of energy values { e (1), e (2) }.
Preferably, for the j-th scan, its opposite tip aic value is calculated by the following formula:
wherein,
point j that will satisfy the following equation0As a jump-able point:
preferably, the value of the reference first arrival is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein s isoffRepresenting the offset, v, corresponding to the trace of seismic dataj＝j0*v0。
The invention designs an automatic first arrival picking process on the basis of comprehensively analyzing a conventional first arrival picking algorithm and a common commercial software first arrival picking module, and the key technology in the automatic processing process is to automatically determine the first arrival picking range. According to the automatic first arrival picking method and system, based on energy scanning, seismic data are scanned at equal intervals, according to the characteristic of energy jump starting of the first arrival position, one jump occurs in scanning energy near the first arrival, the energy jump point is found, the corresponding scanning speed can be found, then the position of a reference first arrival is found according to the offset distance, finally, a time window is defined according to the reference first arrival, and the first arrival is picked in the time window. The method can automatically acquire the position of the first arrival, and lays a good foundation for picking up the first arrival more accurately in the follow-up process.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of an automatic first arrival picking method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of seismic data slicing;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of constant velocity sweep seismic data;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of energy takeoff point acquisition based on the aic algorithm;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of seismic data showing a reference first arrival;
FIG. 6 shows the first arrival picking results in the west of the ten areas of Xinjiang.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The key technology in the automatic first arrival picking process is to automatically determine the first arrival picking range, which not only reduces the calculation amount of first arrival picking, but also improves the first arrival picking precision. The method is based on energy scanning, seismic data are scanned at equal intervals, energy jump can occur at the position of a first arrival, the speed of the jump point is obtained by an aic method based on an information criterion, the position of a reference first arrival is found according to offset, and finally a timing window is drawn according to the reference first arrival to pick up the first arrival.
An automatic first arrival picking method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1. The method can comprise the following steps:
step 1: and slicing the shot gather seismic data.
With the continuous improvement of seismic data acquisition technology, more and more seismic books are acquired in a wide azimuth, the coverage range of seismic data of one shot is larger and larger, and the probability of underground speed change is higher. According to the rule that adjacent positions have similar seismic data characteristics and different positions have different seismic data characteristics, in order to reduce the influence caused by spatial positions, the shot gather seismic data are firstly sliced. In practice, the shot gather seismic data is sliced according to the normal directions of the receiving line and the receiving line, as shown in fig. 2.
Step 2: and scanning the seismic data of the slices at a scanning speed interval within a set scanning speed interval to obtain an energy value set.
The near-surface velocity is the basis for scanning seismic data at a constant velocity, and considering that the near-surface velocity is not higher than 8000m/s, the seismic data can be scanned every 50m/s with 0m/s as a starting point and 8000m/s as an end point in the operation process.
The specific scanning step comprises:
2.1) setting a scanning speed interval [ v ] for scannings,ve]And a scanning velocity interval v0；
2.2) in the scanning speed interval [ vs,ve]At a scanning speed interval v0Scanning each trace of seismic data s (1), s (2),. s (n) }, as shown in fig. 3;
2.3) for the ith sampling point in each trace of seismic data, calculating v by the following formulaiThe value of (c):
wherein s isoffRepresents the offset corresponding to the seismic data, and the unit is m, sinteThe sampling interval of the seismic data is expressed in the unit of s;
2.4) if vk≤vi＜vk+1Then, the energy of the sampling point is counted into the energy of the scan:
e(k)+＝s(i)*s(i)
wherein v isk、vk+1In terms of scanning speed, k is 1, 2.., m, and m is the number of scans;
2.5) at the end of m scans, a set of energy values { e (1), e (2) }.
And step 3: an energy takeoff point is determined based on the set of energy values.
An aic (Akaike Information criterion) method based on an Information criterion is established on the basis of entropy and is a standard for measuring the fitting superiority and inferiority of a statistical model. In practice, the aic method can effectively pick up the energy jump point.
The specific process for determining the energy jump point comprises the following steps:
selecting a set of energy values { e (1), e (2),.., e (m) }, for any 1 ≦ j ≦ m, calculating its corresponding aic value:
wherein,
according toaic Algorithm, energy takeoff point has the smallest value of aic, so energy takeoff point j0Satisfies the following conditions:
and 4, step 4: and calculating a reference first arrival value based on the speed value of the energy jump point.
Point j with the smallest aic value calculated from above0The point j can be calculated0Corresponding velocity vj＝j0*v0This speed is the speed of the energy takeoff position, as shown in fig. 4. From this velocity and the offset of the seismic data, a reference first arrival can be calculated:
wherein s isoffRepresenting the offset, v, corresponding to the trace of seismic dataj＝j0*v0，j0Is the energy takeoff point.
Due to the characteristic of the aic algorithm, the calculated reference first arrival is located above the actual first arrival, so that a part of abnormal first arrivals can be removed in subsequent calculation by utilizing the characteristic.
And 5: and defining a time window for first arrival picking.
After determining the reference first arrivals, a certain time window needs to be defined in which the actual first arrival pick-up is performed.
Not only can the timing window be defined according to the reference first arrival, but also the abnormal value can be considered to be removed when the actual first arrival time of the pickup is less than the reference first arrival time. Reference to first arrival being above means that the actual first arrival time is less than the reference first arrival time.
In operation, there are two main considerations: the first is the near offset position, referred to as first arrival t0Smaller than a given time window, in which case the sampling points involved in the calculation are determined by the length of the zero time window in the parameter card; first, theSecond, far offset position, refer to first arrival t0Plus that the given time window is larger than the seismic trace data, in which case only the length of the seismic trace data would be calculated.
Application example
The invention can automatically acquire the reference first arrival, guide the actual first arrival pickup and can be used as a reference to remove the abnormal value of the first arrival pickup. The method is tested by applying actual data of the martial arts and martial arts area, theoretical test data is shot seismic data, 3360 channels are totally adopted, shot gather data fragmentation is firstly carried out, then, the reference first arrival is automatically picked up, as shown in figure 5, the reference first arrival is positioned above the actual first arrival, and the reference first arrival is relatively attached to the actual first arrival.
The automation of first arrival picking is realized by applying western seismic data of ten areas in Xinjiang by adopting the key technology, the work area has 17.7TB and 670284312 seismic data, a parallel batch processing module of a pi platform is processed by adopting the seismic data, the first arrival picking work can be finished when the parallel batch processing module runs on a 64-node cluster for less than 2 hours, and the first arrival picking result is shown by a white curve in figure 6.
The invention also provides an automatic first arrival picking system. The system comprises:
a memory having computer-executable instructions stored thereon;
a processor that when executing computer executable instructions performs the steps of:
1) slicing the shot gather seismic data;
2) scanning the seismic data of the slices at a scanning speed interval within a set scanning speed interval to obtain an energy value set;
3) determining an energy takeoff point based on the set of energy values;
4) calculating to obtain a reference first arrival value based on the speed value of the energy jump point;
5) and defining a time window for first arrival picking.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. An automatic first arrival picking method, comprising:
1) slicing the shot gather seismic data;
2) scanning the seismic data of the slices at a scanning speed interval within a set scanning speed interval to obtain an energy value set;
3) determining an energy takeoff point based on the set of energy values;
4) calculating to obtain a reference first arrival value based on the speed value of the energy jump point;
5) defining a time window for first arrival picking;
wherein, step 2) includes:
2.1) setting a scanning speed interval [ v ] for scannings,ve]And a scanning velocity interval v0；
2.2) in the scanning speed interval [ vs,ve]At a scanning speed interval v0Scanning each trace of seismic data { s (1), s (2),.., s (n) };
2.3) for the ith sampling point in each trace of seismic data, calculating v by the following formulaiThe value of (c):
wherein s isoffRepresenting the offset, s, corresponding to the seismic data trackinteA sampling interval representing the trace of seismic data;
2.4) if vk≤vi＜vk+1Then the energy of the sampling point is counted into the energy of the scanning,
wherein v isk、vk+1In terms of scanning speed, k is 1, 2.., m, and m is the number of scans;
2.5) at the end of m scans, a set of energy values { e (1), e (2) }.
2. The automatic first arrival picking method according to claim 1, wherein the step 3) comprises:
for the j-th scan, its opposite cusp aic value was calculated by the following formula:
wherein,
point j that will satisfy the following equation0As energy takeoff points:
where e (l +1) is the energy of the (l +1) th scan.
3. The automatic first arrival picking method according to claim 1, wherein the value of the reference first arrival is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein s isoffRepresenting the number of the earthquakeAccording to the corresponding offset, vj＝j0*v0，j0For the number or position of the energy jump point in all sampling points, v0Is the scan velocity interval.
4. The automatic first arrival pick-up method of claim 1 further comprising: removing the abnormal first arrivals above the reference first arrivals obtained in the step 4) on the seismic section map.
5. The automatic first arrival picking method according to claim 1, wherein the set scanning speed interval is 0m/s to 8000m/s, the scanning speed interval v is0＝50m/s。
6. The automatic first arrival picking method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), shot gather seismic data is sliced in the normal direction of the receiving line and the receiving line.
7. An automatic first arrival picking system, the system comprising:
a memory having computer-executable instructions stored thereon;
a processor that when executing computer executable instructions performs the steps of:
1) slicing the shot gather seismic data;
2) scanning the seismic data of the slices at a scanning speed interval within a set scanning speed interval to obtain an energy value set;
3) determining an energy takeoff point based on the set of energy values;
4) calculating to obtain a reference first arrival value based on the speed value of the energy jump point;
5) defining a time window for first arrival picking;
wherein, step 2) includes:
2.1) setting a scanning speed interval [ v ] for scannings,ve]And a scanning velocity interval v0；
2.2) in the scanning speed interval [ vs,ve]At a scanning speed interval v0Scanning each trace of seismic data { s (1), s (2),.., s (n) };
2.3) for the ith sampling point in each trace of seismic data, calculating v by the following formulaiThe value of (c):
wherein s isoffRepresenting the offset, s, corresponding to the seismic data trackinteA sampling interval representing the trace of seismic data;
2.4) if vk≤vi＜vk+1Then the energy of the sampling point is counted into the energy of the scanning,
wherein v isk、vk+1In terms of scanning speed, k is 1, 2.., m, and m is the number of scans;
2.5) at the end of m scans, a set of energy values { e (1), e (2) }.
8. The automatic first arrival picking system of claim 7 wherein step 3) comprises:
for the j-th scan, its opposite cusp aic value was calculated by the following formula:
wherein,
point j that will satisfy the following equation0As energy takeoff points:
where e (l +1) is the energy of the (l +1) th scan.
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