CN109654164B - Surface drag reduction texture of low-power-consumption nuclear main pump flywheel and processing method - Google Patents

Surface drag reduction texture of low-power-consumption nuclear main pump flywheel and processing method Download PDF

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CN109654164B
CN109654164B CN201811465200.9A CN201811465200A CN109654164B CN 109654164 B CN109654164 B CN 109654164B CN 201811465200 A CN201811465200 A CN 201811465200A CN 109654164 B CN109654164 B CN 109654164B
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flywheel
texture
protective sleeve
drag reduction
ion beam
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CN109654164A (en
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潘学民
雷明凯
朱小鹏
王伟光
李昱鹏
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/002—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer
    • F15D1/0025—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply
    • F15D1/003—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply comprising surface features, e.g. indentations or protrusions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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Abstract

A surface drag reduction texture of a low-power-consumption nuclear main pump flywheel and a processing method belong to the field of design and manufacture of nuclear power equipment. The surface drag reduction texture is arranged on the surface of a protective sleeve of a nuclear main pump flywheel, and the surface drag reduction texture of the protective sleeve adopts a micro-scale wave shape with alternate wave crests and wave troughs. The processing method of the surface drag reduction texture utilizes the high-current pulse ion beam with high energy density and short pulse characteristics to carry out impact processing on the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve, high-density energy deposition is instantly realized on the surface of the material, the temperature of the surface of the material is sharply increased, and the surface is melted, evaporated and selectively ablated in local micro-areas to form a texture surface with wave peaks and wave troughs. The resistance-reducing texture on the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve processed in the way realizes resistance reduction on the premise of not changing the existing structure, reduces useless power consumption, does not damage the safety of the flywheel structure, and has a stable resistance-reducing structure, a simple processing method and easy regulation.

Description

Surface drag reduction texture of low-power-consumption nuclear main pump flywheel and processing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a surface drag reduction texture of a low-power-consumption nuclear main pump flywheel and a processing method, belonging to the field of design and manufacture of nuclear power equipment.
Background
The advanced nuclear power station is based on higher safety consideration, a shaft seal structure is not allowed to be used in a nuclear main pump unit, and a vertical type, single-stage and shaft seal-free shielding type nuclear main pump is adopted to convey large-flow, high-temperature and high-pressure reactor coolant, so that the advanced nuclear power station is important equipment for effectively adjusting the temperature of a reactor and ensuring the safety of the reactor. In order to ensure that the shielding type nuclear main pump can still provide a certain idling flow under the working conditions of emergency shutdown of a reactor or power failure accidents of a whole plant and the like, the reactor coolant is continuously driven to circulate, the reactor core is cooled, and necessary buffering time is provided for emergency shutdown operation, therefore, a flywheel with large inertia is arranged on a motor shaft of the shielding type nuclear main pump, the nuclear main pump has enough idling capacity after shutdown, and the safety of the reactor is ensured.
The shielding type nuclear main pump flywheel is located in a pressure boundary and surrounded by coolant fluid, when the nuclear main pump flywheel works, the interaction between the flywheel with the large diameter and the coolant fluid can generate useless power consumption, the efficiency of the nuclear main pump unit is reduced, the whole size of the nuclear main pump unit is increased, the flywheel with the small diameter cannot meet the requirement of the required rotational inertia of the nuclear main pump unit, for reducing the whole size of the nuclear main pump unit and improving the efficiency of the nuclear main pump unit, the upper flywheel and the lower flywheel are adopted, and the high-density heavy metal tungsten alloy is used for increasing the rotational inertia of the bimetal structure flywheel. The publication number CN 202790311U discloses a heavy metal tungsten alloy flywheel structure nuclear main pump flywheel for a nuclear main pump of an advanced nuclear power station, which mainly comprises a tungsten alloy block, a hub, a retaining ring and a protective sleeve. Even if the measures are adopted, the flywheel of the nuclear main pump immersed in the coolant fluid still has huge power consumption, and the viscous friction power consumption is estimated to be at least 1/5 (nuclear power engineering, 2017, volume 38, No. 1, page 95-98) of the power of the nuclear main pump, so that the accumulated energy consumption is considerable in the long-term service operation process.
Surface texture drag reduction, micro-bubble drag reduction, high polymer additive drag reduction, superhydrophobic surface coating drag reduction, and the like are typical underwater drag reduction methods (mechanical development 2009, vol 39, No. 5, page 546-553). The coolant pressure environment (17.3 MPa) in the nuclear main pump and the safety requirement of the nuclear main pump do not allow the flywheel to adopt a microbubble drag reduction method, but the high polymer additive drag reduction method changes the components and the physical and chemical properties of the coolant due to the addition of the drag reducer, is also not suitable for the nuclear main pump flywheel drag reduction, has poor stability and adhesion of a super-hydrophobic surface coating, and has the stripping risk in the 60-year super-long service life of the flywheel. The flywheel protective sleeve is a non-bearing load component for isolating the coolant, and the method for directly processing the texture on the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve to realize resistance reduction is safe, reliable, simple and feasible.
The traditional texture is processed by laser, impact, electrochemical corrosion and other methods, and is generally in a regular shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a triangle and the like. A typical case is that an impeller with a round dimple type surface texture reduces the impeller torque due to viscous drag, reduces the energy dissipation due to turbulence, and improves the efficiency of the centrifugal pump (shanghai university of transportation, 2016, vol. 50, No. 2, p. 307-. The flywheel and the pump shaft rotate synchronously, the pump shell is relatively static, the space between the pump shell and the flywheel protective sleeve is filled with coolant liquid, and the coolant liquid is a typical rotating clearance circulation (nuclear technology, 2013, 36 th volume, 4 th volume, 040623-1). The regular-shaped texture has a limited drag reduction effect under the condition of the flywheel clearance circulation hydraulic working condition of the nuclear main pump, the clearance circulation easily generates secondary flow vortexes at the wave trough of the wavy texture, and the vortexes are like a row of rollers clamped between a wall surface and fluid and play a role similar to a roller bearing, so that the sliding friction between the fluid and the wall surface is changed into rolling friction, and the drag reduction purpose is achieved (the mechanical development, 2009, volume 39, 5, page 546 and 553), therefore, the flywheel protective sleeve surface wavy drag reduction texture and the processing method under the condition of the flywheel clearance circulation hydraulic working condition are very significant in engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wavy drag reduction texture on the surface of a flywheel protective sleeve of a nuclear main pump and a processing method thereof, aiming at achieving the purposes of reducing drag and reducing useless power consumption of a flywheel immersed by coolant of the nuclear main pump. The surface of the flywheel protective sleeve is subjected to impact processing by using a high-current pulse ion beam with high energy density and short pulse characteristics, high-density energy deposition is instantly realized on the surface of a material, the surface temperature of the material is rapidly increased, and the surface is melted, evaporated and selectively ablated in local micro-areas to form a peak-valley texture surface.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the surface drag reduction texture of the low-power-consumption nuclear main pump flywheel is arranged on the surface of a protective sleeve of the nuclear main pump flywheel, the surface drag reduction texture of the protective sleeve adopts a micro-scale wave shape with alternating wave crests and wave troughs, and the crest width T1 is 10-25
Figure 833740DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The peak height H1 is 10-25
Figure 459807DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The width T2 of the wave trough is 5-15
Figure 706636DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The depth H2 of the wave trough is 10-25
Figure 958626DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
A processing method of a surface drag reduction texture of a low-power-consumption nuclear main pump flywheel is characterized in that the surface drag reduction texture utilizes a high-current pulse ion beam with high energy density and short pulse characteristics to carry out impact processing on the surface of a flywheel protective sleeve, high-density energy deposition is instantly realized on the surface of a material, the temperature of the surface of the material is rapidly increased, the surface is melted and evaporated, and local micro-area selective ablation is carried out, so that a texture surface with alternate wave crests and wave troughs is formed; the processing method comprises the following steps:
1) performing conventional cleaning treatment on the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface;
2) placing the treated flywheel on the processing table of a high-current pulse ion beam device, closing the vacuum chamber of the device and vacuumizing to make the vacuum degree not lower than 5.0 × 10-2Pa；
3) The beam component of the high-current pulse ion beam is 70 percent of carbon ions and 30 percent of hydrogen ions, the ion acceleration voltage is 200-400 kV, the pulse width of the ion beam is 50-100 ns, and the beam density of the ion beam is 100-350A/cm2The energy density of one pulse irradiation is 1-12J/cm2；
4) Adjusting a digital controller to control the rotary processing table and the lifting mechanism so that the beam spot of the high-current pulse ion beam can irradiate the upper end of the outer surface of the flywheel protective sleeve, and the size of the beam spot is 10-100 cm2The pulse frequency of the strong current pulse ion beam impact processing at the beam spot irradiation position is 1-10 times, after the processing is finished, the stepping motor drives the rotary processing table to rotate by a proper angle, the impact processing at the next position is started, and the lap joint rate of the strong current pulse ion beam at different positions is 5-15%;
5) and after the flywheel rotates for one circle, moving one beam spot size along the vertical direction to continue the surface treatment of the strong current pulse ion beam of the next circle until the surface of the whole flywheel protective sleeve is processed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the surface drag reduction texture of the low-power-consumption nuclear main pump flywheel is arranged on the surface of a protective sleeve of the nuclear main pump flywheel, and the surface drag reduction texture of the protective sleeve adopts a micro-scale wave shape with wave crests and wave troughs alternately. The processing method of the surface drag reduction texture utilizes the high-current pulse ion beam with high energy density and short pulse characteristics to carry out impact processing on the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve, high-density energy deposition is instantly realized on the surface of the material, the temperature of the surface of the material is sharply increased, and the surface is melted, evaporated and selectively ablated in local micro-areas to form a texture surface with wave peaks and wave troughs. The resistance-reducing texture on the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve processed in the way realizes resistance reduction on the premise of not changing the existing structure, reduces useless power consumption, does not damage the safety of the flywheel structure, and has a stable resistance-reducing structure, a simple processing method and easy regulation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the positions of a flywheel structure and a drag reduction texture of a surface to be processed.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of characteristic parameters of a wavy drag reduction texture on a surface.
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of surface texture obtained under the first set of process parameters in the example.
FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of the surface texture obtained under the second set of process parameters in the examples.
Detailed Description
The flywheel drag reduction texture and the high current pulse ion beam processing method are explained below with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a nuclear main pump flywheel structure and a schematic position diagram of a drag reduction texture of a surface to be processed. The nuclear main pump flywheel mainly comprises a tungsten alloy block, a hub, a retaining ring and a protective sleeve, when the nuclear main pump runs, a coolant forms annular gap circulation between a pump shell and the flywheel protective sleeve, the viscous resistance of the coolant fluid increases the useless power consumption of the nuclear main pump, and the efficiency of a unit is reduced.
Fig. 2 shows a surface wavy drag reduction texture characteristic parameter diagram. Health-care productThe surface drag reduction texture of the sheath adopts a micro-scale wave shape with alternating wave crests and wave troughs, and the wave crest width T1 is 10-25
Figure 327290DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The peak height H1 is 10-25
Figure 785079DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The width T2 of the wave trough is 5-15
Figure 414643DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The depth H2 of the wave trough is 10-25
Figure 103113DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
Example 1
FIG. 3 shows the wavy texture of the surface of the flywheel sheath processed by the high-current pulse ion beam, which is formed by the micro-scale wave shape with the wave crest width T1 of 10
Figure 959074DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Peak height H1 of 10
Figure 784335DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The trough width T2 is 5
Figure 2827DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Trough depth H2 of 10
Figure 268723DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
. The method is realized by the following processing method, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) performing conventional cleaning treatment on the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface;
2) placing the flywheel treated in the step 1) on a processing table of a high-current pulse ion beam device, closing a vacuum chamber of the device and vacuumizing to ensure that the vacuum degree is not lower than 5.0 × 10-2Pa；
3) The beam composition of the high-current pulse ion beam is 70% of carbon ions and 30% of hydrogen ionsThe sub-acceleration voltage is 300 kV, the ion beam pulse width is 60 ns, and the ion beam current density is 200A/cm2The energy density of one pulse irradiation is 10J/cm2；
4) Adjusting a digital controller to control a rotary processing table and a lifting mechanism, so that a high-current pulse ion beam spot can irradiate the upper end of the outer surface of the flywheel protective sleeve, and the size of the beam spot is 100 cm2The pulse frequency of the strong current pulse ion beam impact processing at the beam spot irradiation position is 2 times, after the processing is finished, the stepping motor drives the rotary processing table to rotate by a proper angle, the impact processing at the next position is started, and the lap joint rate of the strong current pulse ion beam at different positions is 5 percent;
5) and after the flywheel rotates for one circle, moving one beam spot size along the vertical direction to continue the surface treatment of the strong current pulse ion beam of the next circle until the surface of the whole flywheel protective sleeve is processed.
Example 2
FIG. 4 shows the wavy texture of the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve processed by the high-current pulse ion beam, wherein the wavy texture is formed by micro-scale wave crests and micro-scale wave troughs, and the wave crest width T1 is 15
Figure 939876DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Peak height H1 of 15
Figure 847789DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Trough width T2 is 15
Figure 186366DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Trough depth H2 of 20
Figure 216639DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
. The method is realized by the following processing method, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) performing conventional cleaning treatment on the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface;
2) placing the flywheel treated in the step 1) on a processing table of a high-current pulse ion beam device, closing a vacuum chamber of the device and vacuumizing to ensure that the vacuum degree is not lower than 5.0 × 10-2Pa；
3) The beam current component of the high current pulse ion beam is 70% of carbon ions and 30% of hydrogen ions, the ion acceleration voltage is 300 kV, the pulse width of the ion beam is 70 ns, and the beam current density of the ion beam is 300A/cm2The energy density of one pulse irradiation is 10J/cm2；
4) Adjusting a digital controller to control a rotary processing table and a lifting mechanism, so that a high-current pulse ion beam spot can irradiate the upper end of the outer surface of the flywheel protective sleeve, and the size of the beam spot is 100 cm2The pulse frequency of the strong current pulse ion beam impact processing at the beam spot irradiation position is 5 times, after the processing is finished, the stepping motor drives the rotary processing table to rotate by a proper angle, the impact processing at the next position is started, and the lap joint rate of the strong current pulse ion beam at different positions is 5 percent;
5) and after the flywheel rotates for one circle, moving one beam spot size along the vertical direction to continue the surface treatment of the strong current pulse ion beam of the next circle until the surface of the whole flywheel protective sleeve is processed.

Claims (1)

1. A processing method of a surface drag reduction texture of a low-power-consumption nuclear main pump flywheel is characterized in that the surface drag reduction texture is arranged on the surface of a protective sleeve of the nuclear main pump flywheel, the surface drag reduction texture of the protective sleeve adopts a micro-scale wave shape with alternating wave crests and wave troughs, and the wave crest width T1 is 10-25
Figure 478543DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The peak height H1 is 10-25
Figure 89652DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The width T2 of the wave trough is 5-15
Figure 646536DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The depth H2 of the wave trough is 10-25
Figure 710307DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
The method is characterized in that: the surface drag reduction texture uses a high-energy-density and short-pulse strong-current pulse ion beam to carry out impact processing on the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve, high-density energy deposition is instantly realized on the surface of a material, the surface temperature of the material is rapidly increased, and the surface is melted, evaporated and selectively ablated in local micro-areas to form a texture surface with alternate wave crests and wave troughs; the processing method comprises the following steps:
1) performing conventional cleaning treatment on the surface of the flywheel protective sleeve to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface;
2) placing the treated flywheel on the processing table of a high-current pulse ion beam device, closing the vacuum chamber of the device and vacuumizing to make the vacuum degree not lower than 5.0 × 10-2Pa；
3) The beam component of the high-current pulse ion beam is 70 percent of carbon ions and 30 percent of hydrogen ions, the ion acceleration voltage is 200-400 kV, the pulse width of the ion beam is 50-100 ns, and the beam density of the ion beam is 100-350A/cm2The energy density of one pulse irradiation is 1-12J/cm2；
4) Adjusting a digital controller to control the rotary processing table and the lifting mechanism so that the beam spot of the high-current pulse ion beam can irradiate the upper end of the outer surface of the flywheel protective sleeve, and the size of the beam spot is 10-100 cm2The pulse frequency of the strong current pulse ion beam impact processing at the beam spot irradiation position is 1-10 times, after the processing is finished, the stepping motor drives the rotary processing table to rotate by a proper angle, the impact processing at the next position is started, and the lap joint rate of the strong current pulse ion beam at different positions is 5-15%;
5) and after the flywheel rotates for one circle, moving one beam spot size along the vertical direction to continue the surface treatment of the strong current pulse ion beam of the next circle until the surface of the whole flywheel protective sleeve is processed.
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