CN109651906A - 一种吸味涂料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种吸味涂料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109651906A CN109651906A CN201811600955.5A CN201811600955A CN109651906A CN 109651906 A CN109651906 A CN 109651906A CN 201811600955 A CN201811600955 A CN 201811600955A CN 109651906 A CN109651906 A CN 109651906A
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Abstract
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种吸味涂料及其制备方法。本发明以丙烯酸乳液为黏结剂,将活性炭颗粒与电气石颗粒结合起来,得到吸味涂料,该吸味涂料中的电气石颗粒组分能够长时间释放负离子,与室内有毒有害气体粒子中和形成中性的配位化合物;而椰壳活性炭颗粒组分能够吸附中性的配位化合物,从而使得有毒有害气体粒子留存在活性炭的内部管状微孔内,且不会被脱附离开,通过假设,将一定量的吸味涂料涂布于室内后,能够实现室内空气长期保持净化状态,实现室内有毒有害气体的综合治理;同时能够达到量化净化室内空气的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种吸味涂料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
室内的有毒有害气体:有关资料表明,室内空气污染比室外高5-10倍,污染物多达500多种,室内空气污染已成为多种疾病的诱因,国家标准《室内空气质量标准》GB/T18883-2002,对室内空气造成污染,危害人类健康的15种主要有毒有害气体进行控制。这15种有毒有害气体物质是:1,二氧化硫:是制造葡萄酒、果酒的防腐剂,漂白纸张、毛丝、草帽、果干、粉丝等的增白剂,在人们使用这些物品时,释放于室内空气中;2,二氧化氮:主要来源是燃料的燃烧、汽车尾气、闪电等;3,一氧化碳:室内的采暖、茶炊炉具用火是主要的来源;4,二氧化碳:燃料燃烧、烹饪、生物释放等是室内二氧化碳的主要来源;5,氨:室内氨气主要来源是建筑、装修中含尿素、氨水的物质的挥发,室内有机物腐烂,下水道返味等;6,臭氧:石化燃烧等是臭氧的重要污染源,是空气中紫外线照射氮氧化物的光化学产物,复印机光照硒鼓也产生臭氧;7,甲醛:木材的加工处理,胶合板、纤维板、密度板、木地板、家具、墙布、壁纸、地毯、油漆、纸张、服装、化妆品、防腐杀菌剂、粘接剂等;泡发水产食品、熏蒸食品增白等;这些产品都会释放甲醛,装修的泡沫受热老化、变质等;甚至是吸一支香烟,都可以释放0.17mg的甲醛。8,苯:合成染料、合成橡胶、合成树脂、合成纤维、合成谷物、塑料、医药、农药、照相胶片、清漆、硝基纤维漆、稀释剂、脱漆剂、润滑油、油脂、蜡、赛璐珞、树脂、人造革等都挥发苯;9,甲苯:室内装修、家具的胶粘剂、油漆、涂料、木器漆、防水材料稀释剂、燃料燃烧、吸烟等都释放甲苯;10,二甲苯:室内装修、家具中的胶粘剂、油漆、壁纸、地毯、杀虫剂、影印机等都释放二甲苯;11,苯并[a]芘:各类炭黑和煤、石油等燃烧产生的烟气、香烟烟雾、汽车尾气中,食物链中不适当的油炸、烧烤、烟熏食品中苯并[a]芘含量较高;12,可吸入颗粒物PM10:室内可吸入颗粒物主要来源于室外的飘尘,室内厨房燃料不完全燃烧及油烟等,建筑保温材料的石棉长期老化磨损、饲养宠物、动物、禽类的皮毛微粒扩散到室内,也会产生可吸入颗粒物。人类最佳的居住空间应是离地面20米,最好为10米以内,就其可吸入颗粒物来说,离地面越近可吸入颗粒物的直径就越大,人体吸入的概率也就越小。我们知道,有毒气体的质量是很小的,其基本与空气相混合,很容易被人体吸入,那么,对于我们人类来说,其居住的空间离地面越高,可吸入颗粒物对人体的伤害作用也就越大,但是,随着人类人口的增长,城市人口密度的增大,办公和住宅的高度越建越高,摩天大楼鳞次栉比,可吸入颗粒物随着建筑物的提高而增大;13,TVOC总挥发性有机物:参加大气光化学反应的有机化合物,主要来源是:燃煤和天然气等燃烧产物,吸烟、采暖和烹饪等的烟雾,涂料、油漆、胶黏剂、壁纸及其它装饰品、油墨、涂改液、办公用品、家具、地毯、化纤窗帘、家用电器,鞋类的胶水、香味玩具、洗涤剂、清洁剂、喷雾剂、衣物柔顺剂、化妆品、人体本身的排放等都会产生挥发性有机化合物;14,氡:建筑材料是室内氡的主要来源,如花岗岩等天然石材、砖砂、水泥及石膏之类。氡气可以通过水泥地面与墙壁链接的裂缝,地面的裂缝,空心砖墙的小洞,地下室,地窖或与泥土接触的其它接触区域,污水坑和下水道,大便器水冲时的返味等;15,菌落总数:建筑材料的潮湿、空调器、加湿器、洗衣机、洗菜池等的潮湿孳生细菌,形成溶胶在空气中传播,危机食品和水;16,静电:室内的许多电气设备如电视机、电脑、手机、空调机、电暖气、电吹风等使用时都会放出静电;空气中的负离子被消耗掉,使室内正离子相对较多,人们呼吸时摄取到体内的较多的是正离子,正离子是由氢离子组成,体内氢离子浓度提高时,血液等液体就会倾向于酸性,体内的酸性化阻碍了顺畅的新陈代谢,致使细胞机能衰弱、加速老化、免疫力降低而引起各种疾病。总之,室内这些有毒有害气体中,有是燃料燃烧,烹饪、吸烟等造成的,可以通过抽油烟机、换气风机、开窗等强制排风方法将其大部分排除,而有的是建筑材料、装修材料、装饰材料、家具、地毯、窗帘、家电、衣服、工具、玩具、洗衣液等时时刻刻散发的,它们性质不同,产生方式不同,对人们的危害程度也不同,有的危害人的眼睛,有的通过皮肤、呼吸道进入人体,危害人的呼吸道、内脏器官、血液。在这些有毒有害气体中,有的是一种有毒有害气体产生多种危害,有的是多种有毒有害气体产生一种叠加的危害。它们都是有毒有害的气体颗粒或粒子,要对它们进行综合治理,使室内空气保持清新。
现有的消除室内有毒有害气体的办法是:1,通风法:通风法需要2~3年的时间才能减少室内装修的毒性和异味,以后生活中还会源源不断的有新的有毒有害气体释放出来,而且夏天空调和冬天取暖都影响开窗通风;2,植物清除法:主要是养花草吸附,利用光合作用吸收部分有害物质,在没有光合作用的夜晚,还要吸收氧气,放出二氧化碳,而且植物吸收有害物质的量极为有限,作用不大;3,除味剂清除法:主要是喷洒空气清新剂,仅仅是用一种香气味道掩盖了异味,实际并未去除有毒有害气体;4,光电除味法:利用高能臭氧UV紫外线光照射消除有毒有害物质,但是产生的紫外线和臭氧都是二次污染,家庭不易使用;5,负离子发生器:负离子发生器通过发射高压电晕,将空气中的氧分子打开,让一个氧原子与有毒有害气体正离子颗粒结团沉降,同时,另一个氧原子与氧分子结合成臭氧,造成二次污染;6,物理吸附法:通过摆放活性炭、吸味棒等吸附,这种方法只是将一部分有毒有害颗粒吸附到体内的管状微孔中,并没有改变有毒有害物质本身,当吸附到饱和状态时,会产生脱附,吸附到活性炭表面的有毒有害物质会重新释放到空气中;通过在涂料中加入少量的负离子粉,中和空气中的有毒有害气体正离子颗粒,形成络合物沉降,负离子粉是人工合成的含稀土元素的混合物,会有放射性污染;利用海泡石吸附:海泡石是由蛇纹岩蚀变而来,而蛇纹岩又是石棉的主要成分,决不能重演石棉影响人类健康的悲剧;在涂料中加入部分电气石粉净化空气,由于电气石粉是透明或半透明的晶体,涂料中的主要成分是乳液、水和钛白粉,优质的涂料组分中,乳液含量在50~65%,漆膜才会有肌肤的细腻感,合格品遮盖力的对比率92%,优等品的对比率大于96%,需要加入15~20%有遮盖力的钛白粉才能满足要求,这会使得涂料组分占比达到65-85%,另外还需要15~25%的水将钛白粉调制成浆并分散开,没有多余的空间添加电气石粉,而电气石粉是透明或半透明的晶体颗粒,没有遮盖力,替换不了多少钛白粉,这会导致电气石粉的添加量受到限制,而且涂料的漆膜又较密实,严重妨碍了电气石粉放射负离子中和有害物质,使得涂料难以实现长期保持室内空气净化的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种吸味涂料,该吸味涂料能够使得室内空气长期保持净化状态,实现综合净化室内空气。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种吸味涂料,包括以下质量百分含量的组分:
椰壳活性炭颗粒20~45%,水18~29%,电气石颗粒12~53%,羟乙基纤维素溶液3~6%;丙烯酸乳液6~8%。
优选的,所述椰壳活性炭颗粒的目数为20~40目。
优选的,所述电气石颗粒包括10~20目的电气石颗粒和20~40目的电气石颗粒;所述10~20目电气石颗粒在所述吸味涂料中的质量分数为5~13%;所述20~40目电气石颗粒在所述吸味涂料中的质量分数为7~40%。
优选的,所述羟乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为3~6%。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述吸味涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将椰壳活性炭颗粒浸入水中,直至达到椰壳活性炭颗粒的饱和吸水率,得到浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒;
将丙烯酸乳液、浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒、电气石颗粒和羟乙基纤维素溶液进行混合,得到吸味涂料。
优选的,所述浸入的温度为5~35℃,时间为24~32h。
优选的,所述混合在搅拌条件下进行,所述搅拌的转速为50~80r/min。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述吸味涂料在净化室内空气中有毒有害气体中的应用。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述吸味涂料在净化密闭空间中有毒有害气体中的应用。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述吸味涂料在容器盒中的应用。
本发明提供了一种吸味涂料,本发明以丙烯酸乳液为黏结剂,将活性炭颗粒与电气石颗粒结合起来,得到吸味涂料,该吸味涂料中的电气石颗粒组分能够长时间释放负离子,室内的氨气、臭氧、甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯并[a]芘、总挥发性有机物TVOC、细菌等有毒理性的有毒有害气体部分,大多是带有正电荷的正离子,吸味涂料中的电气石颗粒组分长时间释放的负离子,与室内有毒有害气体粒子中和形成中性的配位化合物;而椰壳活性炭颗粒组分能够吸附中性的配位化合物,使中性的配位化合物颗粒吸附留存在椰壳活性炭颗粒组分的内部管状微孔中,且不会被脱附离开;室内的静电部分,是静止状态的正电荷,吸味涂料中的电气石颗粒组分长时间释放的负离子,与静电的正电荷中和,消除室内的静电;室内的二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、可吸入颗粒物PM10、菌落遗骸等细小颗粒物部分,除燃料燃烧、烹饪油烟等用抽油烟机、换气风机、开窗等强制排风排除外,其它室内颗粒物均由椰壳活性炭颗粒组分吸附于自身内部管状微孔内;室内的氡气222Rn放射性物质部分,由椰壳活性炭颗粒组分吸附于自身内部管状微孔内;通过吸味涂料中的椰壳活性炭颗粒组分和电气石颗粒组分共同协调作用,将室内有毒有害气体颗粒或粒子的有毒气体中和成配位化合物粒子部分、静电粒子部分、细小颗粒物飘尘部分、放射性物质粒子部分的四个大部分全部清除。将该吸味涂料涂布于室内后,能够实现室内空气长期保持净化状态,实现室内有毒有害气体的综合长效治理。
本发明提供的吸味涂料,是能够综合治理室内有毒有害气体的涂料,虽然很多有毒有害气体是没有味道的,如一氧化碳、二氧化碳、甲醛、氡气、静电等,但它们都是室内有毒有害气体颗粒或粒子,本发明的吸味涂料均可对其进行吸附清除。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种吸味涂料,包括以下质量百分含量的组分:
椰壳活性炭颗粒20~45%,水18~29%,电气石颗粒12~53%,羟乙基纤维素溶液3~6%;丙烯酸乳液6~8%。
本发明提供的吸味涂料包括质量百分含量为20~45%的椰壳活性炭颗粒,优选为30~43%,更优选为35~42%。在本发明中,所述椰壳活性炭颗粒的目数优选为20~40目。本发明选用的椰壳活性炭颗粒的大量的孔径为:大孔径5~10μm,过渡孔径5000~5nm,微孔孔径小于2~5nm,略大于有毒有害气体分子的直径,(PM10表示粒径小于10μm的颗粒),具有极强的吸附能力,选用20~40目的椰壳活性炭颗粒,比表面积大,达到900-1700㎡/g,内部空隙发达,密度小,具有物理吸附和化学吸附的双重性,可以同时吸附气相和液相中的有毒有害物质,有效净化室内空气。
本发明提供的吸味涂料包括质量百分含量为18~29%的水,优选为22~28%,更优选为24~26%。本发明利用水使得椰壳活性炭颗粒达到饱和吸水率,能够去除椰壳活性炭颗粒中的灰粉,并让椰壳活性炭颗粒内部管状微孔内预先充满水,占据内部空间,使丙烯酸乳液不易进入椰壳活性炭内部管状微孔内,而且,在涂布吸味涂料后的干燥脱水过程中,椰壳活性炭内部管状微孔内预先侵入的饱和水分蒸发,留下水分蒸发通道,为以后吸附空气中有毒有害气体粒子留下通道。
本发明提供的吸味涂料包括质量百分含量为12~53%的电气石颗粒。在本发明中,所述电气石颗粒优选包括10~20目电气石颗粒和20~40目电气石颗粒。在本发明中,所述10~20目电气石颗粒具体是指将过10目筛所得的筛下物再过20目筛,所得筛上物即为粒径为10~20目的电气石颗粒;所述20~40目电气石颗粒具体是指将过20目筛所得的筛下物再过40目筛,所得筛上物即为粒径为20~40目的电气石颗粒。在本发明中,所述10~20目电气石颗粒在所述吸味涂料中的质量分数优选为5~13%,更优选为7~12%;所述20~40目电气石颗粒在所述吸味涂料中的质量分数为7~40%,更优选为10~15%。本发明利用电气石颗粒能够释放负离子的特性,使得有毒有害气体与电气石释放的负离子形成配位化合物,从而消除有毒有害气体的极性和自由基,使其留存在椰壳活性炭颗粒的内部管状微孔内,且不会被脱附离开,实现室内有毒有害气体的有效去除。本发明加入10~20目电气石颗粒还能够保证吸味涂料涂抹时,大的粒径颗粒可控制涂抹达到设计厚度(3~5mm)。
在本发明中,部分有毒有害气体直接与电气石颗粒释放的负离子进行配位中和,一部分有毒有害气体会被吸附到椰壳活性炭颗粒中,然后再与电气石颗粒释放的负离子进行配位中和。本发明通过控制电气石颗粒与椰壳活性炭颗粒的比例,能够保证电气石颗粒释放的负离子既能满足配位中和有毒有害气体的要求;还能满足与室内空气中的静电正电荷中和的要求;更能满足配位中和椰壳活性炭颗粒吸附于自身的内部管状微孔内的有毒有害气体的要求,使已被吸收到活性炭内部管状微孔中的有毒有害气体与电气石释放的负离子中和配位成中性的配位化合物,不再脱附离开。本发明的椰壳活性炭颗粒组分除能够满足吸收室内有毒有害气体颗粒与电气石颗粒组分释放的负离子中和产生中性的配位化合物颗粒或粒子的容量需要,还能够满足吸附细小颗粒飘尘部分的容量需要,且能满足吸附氡等放射性粒子的容量要求。本发明选用的椰壳活性炭颗粒与电气石颗粒的比例关系,能够使得二者均匀布置且互相之间相阻断,使得电气石颗粒与椰壳活性炭颗粒处处密切接触,不仅能够实现长期保持室内空气净化,还可以起到砂壁状吸味涂料饰面防火的作用。
本发明提供的吸味涂料包括质量百分含量为3~6%的羟乙基纤维素溶液,优选为4~5%。在本发明中,所述羟乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度优选为3~6%。本发明利用羟乙基纤维素溶液增加吸味涂料的施工性。
本发明提供的吸味涂料包括质量百分含量为6~8%的丙烯酸乳液,优选为6~7%。在本发明中,所述丙烯酸乳液成膜时,水分蒸发后,丙烯酸酯的乳化聚合形成许多不饱和的自由端,不饱和的自由端之间形成链接,组成饱满的网状漆膜,本发明利用丙烯酸乳液作为黏结剂将电气石颗粒与椰壳活性炭颗粒混合连接。本发明通过控制丙烯酸乳液的用量,减小丙烯酸乳液的聚合度,使之成为断续的网状,断开的部分也有不饱和的自由端之间的链接,既能保证电气石颗粒与活性炭颗粒之间的粘连,保证吸味涂料与基底的附着力,保证丙烯酸乳液形成的漆膜将电气石颗粒和活性炭颗粒全部包裹,又能保证负离子的释放和对有毒有害物质的吸附通道的通畅,从而得到砂壁状质感的吸味涂料。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述吸味涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将椰壳活性炭颗粒浸入水中,直至达到椰壳活性炭颗粒的饱和吸水率,得到浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒;
将丙烯酸乳液、浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒、电气石颗粒和羟乙基纤维素溶液进行混合,得到吸味涂料。
本发明将椰壳活性炭颗粒浸入水中,直至达到椰壳活性炭颗粒的饱和吸水率,得到浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒。在本发明中,所述侵入的温度优选为5~35℃,更优选为15~30℃,时间优选为24~32h,更优选为26~28h。在本发明中,所述椰壳活性炭颗粒的饱和吸水率优选为60~70%,更优选为65%。本发明将椰壳活性炭颗粒侵入水中能够使活性炭内部的管状微孔不被灰粉、丙烯酸乳液堵塞,保证活性炭对有毒有害气体粒子的吸附能力。
得到浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒后,本发明将丙烯酸乳液、浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒、电气石颗粒和羟乙基纤维素溶液进行混合,得到吸味涂料。在本发明中,所述混合在搅拌条件下进行,所述搅拌的转速优选为50~80r/min,更优选为60~70r/min。本发明对所述混合的方式没有特殊的限定,选用本领域技术人员熟知的方式能够使得各组分混合均匀即可。本发明优选先将丙烯酸乳液、浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒和电气石颗粒混合,再将所得混合物与羟乙基纤维素溶液混合,能够使吸味涂料成膜时,丙烯酸乳液的水分、羟乙基纤维素的水分、浸水饱和椰壳活性炭中的水分以及独立添加的水分蒸发,形成水分蒸发通道,为以后电气石颗粒释放负离子、椰壳活性炭颗粒吸附有毒有害气体颗粒留下通道;先将椰壳活性炭浸水饱和,防止在搅拌混合时丙烯酸乳液渗入椰壳活性炭内部管状微孔内,影响吸附能力;选用50~80r/min的低速搅拌,防止将较松软的椰壳活性炭打碎,影响砂壁状吸味涂料干燥成膜时孔隙度,影响漆膜内部负离子释放和有毒有害气体的吸附。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述吸味涂料在净化室内空气中有毒有害气体中的应用。本发明所述室内指的是本领域中普遍意义上的室内,具体为可实现强制通风条件的室内。
根据人们现实生活习惯和目前国家规范控制的室内15种主要有毒有害气体的产生和来源方式,做三个假设,假设一,假设室内有毒有害气体超标30%,打开门窗通风,使室内空气质量达到国家质量控制标准,第二天又有新的有毒有害气体释放出来,又超标30%,又通风达标,即室内每天新产生30%国家质量控制标准的有毒有害气体。以室内1平方米面积,净高3米测算,一年要产生二氧化硫164.25mg,二氧化氮78.84mg,一氧化碳3285mg,二氧化碳424.75g(取空气密度为1.293g/L),氨气65.7mg,臭氧52.56mg,甲醛32.85mg,苯36.14mg,甲苯65.7mg,二甲苯65.7mg,苯并[a]芘328.5mg,可吸入颗粒物PM10 49.28mg,总挥发性有机物TUOC 197.1mg,每年每平方米总产生有毒有害气体429171.62mg,其中一氧化碳3285mg,占总有毒有害气体的0.76543%;二氧化碳424750mg,占总有毒有害气体的98.96973%,一氧化碳、二氧化碳占总有毒有害气体的99.73516%;其它11项有毒有害气体产生1136.62mg的物质,占总有毒有害气体的0.26484%;另外,每年每平方米还将有13.14万个贝克勒氡222Rn放射性原子衰变;有37.38万个细菌集落生成单位形成。假设二,鉴于一氧化碳主要是含碳燃料燃烧生成的中间产物,例如家庭室内的一氧化碳主要是燃气灶、烹饪造成的,一般人们在使用燃气灶时,会使用排风系统或打开窗户通风,会大大降低一氧化碳的存留量;二氧化碳主要也是燃料燃烧、烹饪造成的,还有一部分是人类或生物释放的,假设燃料燃烧、烹饪等造成一氧化碳、二氧化碳的产生量,主要由抽油烟机等强制排风系统或门窗通风排出室外,人类或生物释放的部分和其它室内有毒有害气体一起治理,假设二为一氧化碳、二氧化碳强制排放90%,每年每平方米排放385232mg,留存10%,每年每平方米留存42804mg,每年每平方米总产生有毒有害气体43941mg,其中一氧化碳、二氧化碳留存的42804mg占每年每平方米总产生有毒有害气体的97.41%,其它11项有毒有害气体占2.59%。按100平方米使用面积为一个折算标准使用单元,到第50年,总产生有毒有害气体21.97kg。假设三,椰壳活性炭最多可吸附其它小于自己内部微孔直径的颗粒接近或达到其本身的质量,考虑到制造、施工、使用等不利因素,影响活性炭的吸附能力,假设按活性炭吸附自身质量的70%测算,100平方米50年吸附21.97kg有毒有害气体需要活性炭31.39kg。简言之,通过以上三个假设,假设活性炭每天吸收国家标准的30%部分的有毒有害气体,吸收50年;假设人们燃烧、烹饪时产生的一氧化碳、二氧化碳大部分被抽油烟机、开窗等强制排出,人类和生物释放的部分被活性炭吸附;假设椰壳活性炭可吸附自身重量70%的有毒有害气体。在假设条件下,50年3米层高100平方米室内折算标准面积单元(300m3),需要31.39kg的椰壳活性炭吸附21.97kg的有毒有害气体颗粒或粒子,即折算标准面积单元需要31.39kg椰壳活性炭,折算标准100平方米使用面积单元需要156.95-52.32kg吸味涂料,最少要抹涂3-5mm厚度、则可以涂布8.38-41.85㎡的吸味涂料饰面,(假设吸味涂料容重1250kg/m3)。通过以上的假设和量化计算,实现所述吸味涂料在净化室内空气中有毒有害气体中的量化应用。
通过假设,量化室内总的有毒有害气体颗粒或粒子质量,配套电气石颗粒组分释放负离子、活性炭颗粒组分吸附有毒有害气体颗粒或粒子在一定长的时间内的总需要量,保证在假设条件下,在一定长的时间内,完成捕捉、吸附室内有毒粒子、飘尘粒子、静电粒子、放射性粒子四类总的有毒有害气体颗粒或粒子的量。实现在假设条件下、一定长的时间内,需要吸附的总的有毒有害气体粒子质量,确定总的活性炭颗粒组分的用量,确定单位面积总的吸味涂料用量,再根据单位面积内相对封闭空间的分区,设置各个分区的吸味涂料用量,实施涂布,达到量化综合净化室内空气的目的。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述吸味涂料在净化密闭空间中有毒有害气体中的应用。本发明所述密闭空间,具体指的是不能实现强制通风的空间,本发明将吸味涂料用于密闭空间,可以用增加吸味涂料数量或降低吸味涂料使用保障年限的办法,实现吸附密闭空间的室内有毒有害气体粒子,如应用到地下室、隧道、车辆、船舶、潜艇等密闭空间,净化空气。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述吸味涂料在容器盒中的应用。
本发明的吸味涂料可涂布在板材、帆布等其它材料上,如放入透气的容器盒中,作为灵活使用的吸附有毒有害气体粒子、净化空气的产品使用。
本发明提供的吸味涂料可在高层室内实施:一般超过20米的高层建筑的室内,颗粒直径PM10以下的粉尘颗粒,特别是颗粒直径在PM2以下的粉尘颗粒,会随着高度的增加而增多,高度越高,粉尘颗粒越多、越小,对人的危害就越大,因此,随着建筑物高度的增加,增加室内吸味涂料的用量,且按照调增系数进行增加,如建筑物高度每增加20米,室内吸味涂料用量增加10%。
本发明提供的吸味涂料,可以根据实际使用颜色的要求,增加一些有颜色的颗粒状物体,如砗磲颗粒等有益的材料,能增加镇心安神、改善失眠、强身健体之功效,还能调整颜色,也可以添加无害的材料如汉白玉、天然彩砂颗粒等调整颜色,但是不能影响室内单位面积活性炭的用量和活性炭与电气石的比例。而且,新添加的彩色颗粒不能加入有放射性的花岗岩颗粒、角闪石颗粒、负离子粉等,不能加入海泡石等含石棉的颗粒,不能造成新的污染;不能加入硅藻泥、贝壳粉等粉料或有粉尘的材料,不能堵塞活性炭的内部管状微孔。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的吸味涂料及其制备方法进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
按照如下组分制备吸味涂料:
丙烯酸乳液7%、20~40目椰壳活性炭颗粒40%、水26%,10~20目电气石颗粒10%、20~40目电气石颗粒13%、质量浓度为4%的羟乙基纤维素溶液4%;
将椰壳活性炭颗粒在25℃条件下浸入水中28h,达到椰壳活性炭颗粒的饱和吸水率,得到浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒;
将丙烯酸乳液、浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒、电气石颗粒、在60r/min条件下混合均匀,将羟乙基纤维素溶液加入到所得混合物中进行混合均匀,将产物进行检测、灌装、包装、入库或出厂,标注容重和活性炭含量,得到吸味涂料。
实施例2
按照如下组分制备吸味涂料:
将丙烯酸乳液6%、椰壳活性炭颗粒20%、水13%,活性炭饱和水以外再加5%的水,(干燥的电气石颗粒比例较大时,要加入适量的水,使产品获得适宜的和易性),电气石颗粒13%(10~20目)、电气石颗粒40%(20~40目)、羟乙基纤维素溶液3%;
将椰壳活性炭颗粒在30℃条件下浸入水中24h,达到椰壳活性炭颗粒的饱和吸水率,得到浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒;
将浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒、电气石颗粒、5%水、丙烯酸乳液依次加入到分散容器内,在70r/min条件下混合均匀,将羟乙基纤维素溶液加入到所得混合物中进行混合均匀,将产物进行检测、灌装、包装、入库或出厂,标注容重和活性炭含量,得到吸味涂料。
实施例3
按照如下组分制备吸味涂料:
丙烯酸乳液8%、椰壳活性炭颗粒45%、水29%,电气石颗粒5%(10~20目)、电气石颗粒7%(20~40目)、羟乙基纤维素溶液6%;
将椰壳活性炭颗粒在20℃条件下浸入水中32h,达到椰壳活性炭颗粒的饱和吸水率,得到浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒;
将丙烯酸乳液、浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒和电气石颗粒在80r/min条件下混合均匀,将羟乙基纤维素溶液加入到所得混合物中进行混合均匀,将产物进行检测、灌装、包装、入库或出厂,标注容重和活性炭含量,得到吸味涂料。
将实施例1~3制备的吸味涂料用于净化室内空气,吸味涂料吸收室内有毒有害气体颗粒时,要求吸味涂料有一定的涂施面积,保证吸味涂料饰面与空气有一定的接触面积,使电气石充分释放负离子,中和室内有毒有害气体,使活性炭颗粒有足够的面积,畅通的通道吸附有毒有害气体颗粒,或吸附已被电气石释放的负离子中合成的配位化合物的颗粒。以上实施例是在三个假设条件下测算的,50年100㎡3米层高折算标准面积单元,需要用31.39kg椰壳活性炭吸附21.97kg有毒有害气体颗粒,如果降低有效使用年限到25年,将原来抹涂厚度由4mm降到2mm,保证25年需要的活性炭用量,涂施面积没有变;再降低有效使用年限,降低涂施面积会影响饰面与空气接触面积,影响电气石负离子释放和椰壳活性炭对室内有毒有害气体的吸附,降低涂抹厚度,势必要降低椰壳活性炭和电气石颗粒的粒径,粒径的降低,由于吸味涂料漆膜强度的要求,会使丙烯酸乳液的用量增大,使吸味涂料饰面壳体通气能力降低,过薄涂膜吸味涂料的吸附能力将降低。
由以上实施例可知,本发明提供了一种吸味涂料及其制备方法和应用,以丙烯酸乳液为黏结剂,将活性炭颗粒与电气石颗粒结合起来,得到吸味涂料,本发明根据现实情况和现有材料,进行假设条件,按一定折算面积,一定使用年限,总共产生有毒有害气体颗粒的量进行测算,明确需要强制排除的有毒有害气体颗粒以及由椰壳活性炭吸附的有毒有害气体颗粒,配备足够的吸附材料并保障吸附,从而实现综合量化净化室内空气的目的。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种吸味涂料,包括以下质量百分含量的组分:椰壳活性炭颗粒20~45%,水18~29%,电气石颗粒12~53%,羟乙基纤维素溶液3~6%;丙烯酸乳液6~8%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸味涂料,其特征在于,所述椰壳活性炭颗粒的目数为20~40目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸味涂料,其特征在于,所述电气石颗粒包括10~20目的电气石颗粒和20~40目的电气石颗粒;所述10~20目电气石颗粒在所述吸味涂料中的质量分数为5~13%;所述20~40目电气石颗粒在所述吸味涂料中的质量分数为7~40%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸味涂料,其特征在于,所述羟乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为3~6%。
5.权利要求1~4任一项所述吸味涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将椰壳活性炭颗粒浸入水中,直至达到椰壳活性炭颗粒的饱和吸水率,得到浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒;
将丙烯酸乳液、浸水饱和的椰壳活性炭颗粒、电气石颗粒和羟乙基纤维素溶液进行混合,得到吸味涂料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述浸入的温度为5~35℃,时间为24~32h。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合在搅拌条件下进行;所述搅拌的转速为50~80r/min。
8.权利要求1~4任一项所述吸味涂料或权利要求5~7任一项制备方法制备得到的吸味涂料在净化室内空气中有毒有害气体中的应用。
9.权利要求1~4任一项所述吸味涂料或权利要求5~7任一项制备方法制备得到的吸味涂料在净化密闭空间中有毒有害气体中的应用。
10.权利要求1~4任一项所述吸味涂料或权利要求5~7任一项制备方法制备得到的吸味涂料在容器盒中的应用。
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CN111154345A (zh) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-05-15 | 东来涂料技术(上海)股份有限公司 | 一种具有净化空气功能的内墙涂料及其制备方法 |
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US20210039066A1 (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-11 | Chin-San Hsieh | Process of making substrate with activated carbon |
CN113117649A (zh) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-16 | 北京三棵树新材料科技有限公司 | 一种抗tvoc粉、室内降解tvoc花香型涂料及其制备方法 |
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