CN109650848A - 一种自生釉珐琅瓷泥料及采用其制备珐琅瓷的工艺 - Google Patents
一种自生釉珐琅瓷泥料及采用其制备珐琅瓷的工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109650848A CN109650848A CN201811584622.8A CN201811584622A CN109650848A CN 109650848 A CN109650848 A CN 109650848A CN 201811584622 A CN201811584622 A CN 201811584622A CN 109650848 A CN109650848 A CN 109650848A
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- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- porcelain
- white material
- enamel porcelain
- green body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241001271907 Baphia racemosa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052656 albite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
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- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241001062009 Indigofera Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical group [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种自生釉珐琅瓷泥料及采用其制备珐琅瓷的工艺，自生釉珐琅瓷泥料包括坯体料和填料上色用的白料；坯体料组分及重量百分比为：取自沙漠的沙粒：45%~55%；叶腊石：8%~10%；紫木节：6%~8%；煤矸石：10%~13%；镁基膨润土：2%~4%；钾长石：4%~8%；钠长石：3%~6%；微米级锂辉石：1%~3%；硅酸锆：2%~4%；硅灰石：4%~6%；白料组分及重量百分比为：取自沙漠的沙粒：45%~55%；叶腊石：8%~10%；紫木节：6%~8%；煤矸石：10%~13%；镁基膨润土：2%~4%；钾长石：4%~8%；钠长石：3%~6%；微米级锂辉石：2%~5%；硅酸锆：2%~4%；硅灰石：4%~6%。本发明在坯体上汇彩后一次烧成，成品效果好，节省工序，提高工作效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种自生釉珐琅瓷泥料及采用其制备珐琅瓷的工艺，属于陶瓷领域。
背景技术
珐琅彩瓷器的前身是景泰蓝，也就是所谓的“画珐琅”。它兴起于明代，是在铜胎上以蓝为背景色，掐以铜丝，再填上红、黄、蓝、绿、白等色釉烧制而成的工艺晶。清代康熙年间这种“画珐琅”的方法被用在瓷胎上，其吸取了铜胎画珐琅的技法，在瓷质的胎上，用各种珐琅彩料描绘而成的一种新的釉上彩瓷。传统的珐琅瓷烧制过程繁杂，需要多道工序才能完成成品。参见申请号为CN201810393243.4的中国专利公开了一种瓷胎画珐琅的烧制方法，包括选料-白胎烧制-调色-釉上汇彩；其白胎烧制后，釉上汇彩后还需多次烧制，工艺复杂且所需工作时长较长，影响工作效率。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种自生釉珐琅瓷泥料及采用其制备珐琅瓷的工艺，该自生釉珐琅瓷泥料及采用其制备珐琅瓷的工艺在坯体上汇彩后一次烧成，成品效果好，节省工序，提高工作效率。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种自生釉珐琅瓷泥料，包括坯体料和填料上色用的白料；坯体料组分及重量百分比为：取自沙漠的沙粒：45％～55％；叶腊石：8％～10％；紫木节：6％～8％；煤矸石：10％～13％；镁基膨润土：2％～4％；钾长石：4％～8％；钠长石：3％～6％；微米级锂辉石：1％～3％；硅酸锆：2％～4％；硅灰石：4％～6％；白料组分及重量百分比为：取自沙漠的沙粒：45％～55％；叶腊石：8％～10％；紫木节：6％～8％；煤矸石：10％～13％；镁基膨润土：2％～4％；钾长石：4％～8％；钠长石：3％～6％；微米级锂辉石：2％～5％；硅酸锆：2％～4％；硅灰石：4％～6％。
其中，坯体料组分中化学组成按重量百分比为：SiO2：60％～70％；Al2O3：16％～20％；CaO：2.5％～4.5％；ZrO2：3.5％～5.0％；Na2O+K2O：2.6％～4.6％；Fe2O3：1.2％～2.5％；MgO：2.8％～3.8％；LiO2：0.8％～1.5％；TiO2：0.5％～1.0％；P2O5：0.1％～0.2％；白料组分中化学组成按重量百分比为：SiO2：60％～70％；Al2O3：16％～20％；CaO：2.5％～4.5％；ZrO2：3.5％～5.0％；Na2O+K2O：2.6％～4.6％；Fe2O3：1.2％～2.5％；MgO：2.8％～3.8％；LiO2：1.5％～2％；TiO2：0.5％～1.0％；P2O5：0.1％～0.2％。
其中，白料内渗入所需色料；色料为氧化铁、氧化铬、氧化铜、氧化锑、氧化镍、氧化钴、氧化锡、氧化锰中的一种或者几种混合物。
其中，坯体料内渗入所需色料；色料为氧化铁、氧化铬、氧化铜、氧化锑、氧化镍、氧化钴、氧化锡、氧化锰中的一种或者几种混合物。
一种制备自生釉珐琅瓷的工艺，包括上述的自生釉珐琅瓷泥料，步骤如下：
S1、制备成型坯体；按坯体料配方配料、球磨、过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥、定型后制备出成型坯体；
S2、制备各色白料：按白料配方加上不同颜色的色料各自配料、球磨、过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥后、加入水一起混合后即得制备出所需各种颜色的白料；
S3、画坯；采用不同颜色的白料在坯体表面描绘成图；
S4、一次烧成；将描绘好的坯体在1200℃～1310℃高温中一次煅烧成自生釉珐琅瓷。
其中，白料的膨胀系数等于或略小于成型坯体的膨胀系数。
其中，白料的膨胀系数为155-165每摄氏度。
其中，上述步骤S4的一次烧成的烧制过程如下：
(1)常温～200℃，慢速升温2～3h至300℃，在氧气气氛中进行烧制，升温速率为1～1.5℃/min；
(2)200℃～900℃，提高升温速度，保持升温速率为8～10℃/min；
(3)900℃～1200℃，降低升温速率防止瓷开裂，升温速率为3～5℃/min；
(4)在1200℃～1310℃范围内保温3～6h，促进瓷晶相稳定形成；
(5)1310℃～600℃，高温快速冷却阶段，降温速率为16～18℃/min；
(6)自然冷却至100℃以下。
其中，上述步骤S2中，第二次炼泥后的白料分别加入原料总质量40％～60％的水送入球磨机球磨12～24小时得到所需各种颜色的白料。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明有别于传统的珐琅瓷烧制工艺，在坯体上汇彩后一次烧成，成品效果好，节省工序。引入新的坯料配方，且配合新的白料配方，白料在坯料的基础上引入零膨胀系数的锂材料，使得白料的膨胀系数略小于坯料的膨胀系数，从而使白料更好地融合于坯体表面，不易开裂。
2、本发明在烧制过程中实现自生釉，无需“施釉”工序，保证釉料均匀，防止成品瓷表面出现釉薄、釉纹、滚釉以及釉脏的缺陷，采用一次烧成工艺比传统瓷生产工艺流程所用工序减少约一半，无需“抛光”工序，减少了粉尘排放；无需“水洗”工序，减少了水资源消耗；无需大量升温、降温和干燥工序，节省了能源，降低了能耗和“三废”排放。
3、本发明在瓷坯料中引入沙粒替代部分德化玉瓷坯料中的黏土、石英和长石等原料，其中沙粒所占比例高达50％～60％可替代黏土矿物的使用；沙粒含有90％以上的石英、长石和方解石等轻矿物，可与瓷坯料中SiO2、CaO、Al2O3、Na2O、K2O等成分进行替代，其中，德化玉瓷的黏土原料大多来自于龙岩高岭土，利用沙粒替代了全部的石英矿，降低了高岭土矿和羟基磷灰石的使用，节省了矿物资源的开采成本，也大大降低了矿物资源利用，减少了矿物资源的开采与浪费，降低了生产成本。同时实现了对沙漠的充分利用，是一种全新的治沙思路和方案，符合生态保护和循环经济的发展趋势。
4、本发明中叶腊石、紫木节和煤矸石中的主要成分均为二氧化硅和氧化铝，但是三种原料中氧化铝的晶相和结构均不同，在高温煅烧的条件下不同晶相的氧化铝之间通过原位复合技术相当于成为彼此的外加增韧晶相，无需引入另外的增强剂或晶种，三种氧化铝晶种能够相互渗透生长成晶粒长径比大、晶须均匀分布的晶片增强体，且三种氧化铝晶粒虽然形状各异，但相容性较好，彼此交错相连形成三维网状分布，进而增强了瓷的韧性和强度，同时三种原料自身增韧在一定程度上消除了基体相和增韧相在物理或化学上的不相容性，保证了基体相和增韧相的热力学稳定性，进而提高了瓷的热稳定性。
5、本发明本发明中加入了硅灰石粉、硅酸锆和锂辉石，其中，硅酸锆化学稳定性好，不受瓷烧成气氛的影响，且能显著改善瓷的坯釉分离性能，提高瓷釉面硬度；同时硅酸锆在瓷高温煅烧后形成斜锆石，从而在陶瓷釉料中能起到增白作用，是因其在陶瓷烧成后构成斜锆石等，对入射光波构成散射，到达乳浊、增白的效果；锂辉石可以使瓷能够经受急冷急热的环境变化，保证良好的热稳定性；硅灰石粉可以大幅度降低烧成温度，缩短烧成时间，大量节约燃料，明显降低产品成本；同时提高产品的机械性能、减少产品的裂缝和翘曲、增加釉面光泽、提高坯体强度，进而提高产品的合格率。
具体实施方式
下面结合和具体实施例来对本发明进行详细的说明。
一种自生釉珐琅瓷泥料，包括坯体料和填料上色用的白料；坯体料组分及重量百分比为：取自沙漠的沙粒：45％～55％；叶腊石：8％～10％；紫木节：6％～8％；煤矸石：10％～13％；镁基膨润土：2％～4％；钾长石：4％～8％；钠长石：3％～6％；微米级锂辉石：1％～3％；硅酸锆：2％～4％；硅灰石：4％～6％；白料组分及重量百分比为：取自沙漠的沙粒：45％～55％；叶腊石：8％～10％；紫木节：6％～8％；煤矸石：10％～13％；镁基膨润土：2％～4％；钾长石：4％～8％；钠长石：3％～6％；微米级锂辉石：2％～5％；硅酸锆：2％～4％；硅灰石：4％～6％。
坯体料组分中化学组成按重量百分比为：SiO2：60％～70％；Al2O3：16％～20％；CaO：2.5％～4.5％；ZrO2：3.5％～5.0％；Na2O+K2O：2.6％～4.6％；Fe2O3：1.2％～2.5％；MgO：2.8％～3.8％；LiO2：0.8％～1.5％；TiO2：0.5％～1.0％；P2O5：0.1％～0.2％；白料组分中化学组成按重量百分比为：SiO2：60％～70％；Al2O3：16％～20％；CaO：2.5％～4.5％；ZrO2：3.5％～5.0％；Na2O+K2O：2.6％～4.6％；Fe2O3：1.2％～2.5％；MgO：2.8％～3.8％；LiO2：1.5％～2％；TiO2：0.5％～1.0％；P2O5：0.1％～0.2％。
白料内渗入所需色料；色料为氧化铁、氧化铬、氧化铜、氧化锑、氧化镍、氧化钴、氧化锡、氧化锰中的一种或者几种混合物。
坯体料内渗入所需色料；色料为氧化铁、氧化铬、氧化铜、氧化锑、氧化镍、氧化钴、氧化锡、氧化锰中的一种或者几种混合物。
白料的膨胀系数等于或略小于成型坯体的膨胀系数。优选的，白料的膨胀系数为155-165每摄氏度。
一种制备自生釉珐琅瓷的工艺，包括上述的自生釉珐琅瓷泥料，包括如下步骤：S1、制备成型坯体；S2、制备各色白料；S3、画坯；S4、一次烧成。
实施例一
坯体料组分及重量百分比为：取自沙漠的沙粒50％；叶腊石10％；紫木节8％；煤矸石10％；镁基膨润土2％；钾长石6％；钠长石3％；微米级锂辉石3％；硅酸锆2％；硅灰石6％。
坯体料化学组成按重量百分比为：SiO2：60％；Al2O3：20％；CaO：4.5％；ZrO2：4.3％；Na2O+K2O：4.6％；Fe2O3：1.2％；MgO：2.8％；LiO2：0.8％；TiO2：1.0％；P2O5：0.1％。
优选的，上述坯体料制备坯体的工艺流程依次为按配方配料，然后放入球磨机中进行混合研磨，其中料：球：水为1:1.5:0.5，制得混合均匀的泥料；接着，混合均匀的泥料依次过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥后塑压成型、干燥制成坯体。
白料组分及重量百分比为：取自沙漠的沙粒49％；叶腊石10％；紫木节8％；煤矸石10％；镁基膨润土2％；钾长石6％；钠长石3％；微米级锂辉石4％；硅酸锆2％；硅灰石6％。
白料化学组成按重量百分比为：SiO2：59％；Al2O3：20％；CaO：4.5％；ZrO2：4.3％；Na2O+K2O：4.6％；Fe2O3：1.2％；MgO：2.8％；LiO2：1.8％；TiO2：1.0％；P2O5：0.1％。
优选的，上述白料制备各色白料的工艺流程依次为按配方配料，然后放入球磨机中进行混合研磨，其中料：球：水为1:1.5:0.5，制得混合均匀的泥料；接着，混合均匀的泥料依次过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥后加入原料总质量40％的水送入球磨机球磨12小时得到所需各种颜色的白料。
将不同颜色的白料按照设计在坯体表面描绘成图。
随后，将描绘好的坯体在1200℃～1310℃高温中一次煅烧成自生釉珐琅瓷。
一次烧成的烧制过程如下：
(1)常温～200℃，慢速升温2～3h至300℃，在氧气气氛中进行烧制，升温速率为1～1.5℃/min；
(2)200℃～900℃，提高升温速度，保持升温速率为8～10℃/min；
(3)900℃～1200℃，降低升温速率防止瓷开裂，升温速率为3～5℃/min；
(4)在1200℃～1310℃范围内保温3～6h，促进瓷晶相稳定形成；
(5)1310℃～600℃，高温快速冷却阶段，降温速率为16～18℃/min；
(7)自然冷却至100℃以下。
优选的，所述取自沙漠的沙粒需要与水溶液混合后经过超声波清洗去除沉淀在沙漠沙粒表面的硅质鳞片和硅质薄膜，沙漠的沙子经过长时间的风化，硅质鳞片和硅质薄膜等硅质沉淀层在沙粒表面广泛存在，会改变沙粒的物质吸附能欧和电荷携带能力。
优选的，所述紫木节需要依次经过捣浆、磁选和漂白的工艺流程进行预处理。
其中，所述第一次练泥和第二次练泥中调整泥料的pH为7呈弱碱性；因为泥料中含有紫木节，紫木节含有较多的炭质腐殖质，腐殖质与碱液作用能发生水解形成保护胶体，有助于泥料成型性能改善。
实施例二
坯体料包括SiO2：65％；Al2O3：18％；CaO：3％；ZrO2：4％；Na2O+K2O：3.2％；Fe2O3：1.8％；MgO：3.2％；LiO2：1％；TiO2：0.75％；P2O5：0.05％。
优选的，上述坯体料制备坯体的工艺流程依次为按配方配料，然后放入球磨机中进行混合研磨，其中料：球：水为1:1.5:0.5，制得混合均匀的泥料；接着，混合均匀的泥料经过过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥后塑压成型、干燥制成坯体。
白料包括SiO2：64％；Al2O3：18％；CaO：3％；ZrO2：4％；Na2O+K2O：3.2％；Fe2O3：1.8％；MgO：3.2％；LiO2：2％；TiO2：0.75％；P2O5：0.05％。
优选的，上述白料制备各色白料的工艺流程依次为按配方配料，将按配方配料，放入球磨机中进行混合研磨，其中料：球：水为1:1.5:0.5，制得混合均匀的泥料；接着，混合均匀的泥料经过过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥后加入原料总质量50％的水送入球磨机球磨12小时得到所需各种颜色的白料。
将不同颜色的白料按照设计在坯体表面描绘成图。
随后，将描绘好的坯体在1200℃～1310℃高温中一次煅烧成自生釉珐琅瓷。
一次烧成的烧制过程如下：
(1)常温～200℃，慢速升温2～3h至300℃，在氧气气氛中进行烧制，升温速率为1～1.5℃/min；
(2)200℃～900℃，提高升温速度，保持升温速率为8～10℃/min；
(3)900℃～1200℃，降低升温速率防止瓷开裂，升温速率为3～5℃/min；
(4)在1200℃～1310℃范围内保温3～6h，促进瓷晶相稳定形成；
(5)1310℃～600℃，高温快速冷却阶段，降温速率为16～18℃/min；
(6)自然冷却至100℃以下。
优选的，所述取自沙漠的沙粒需要与水溶液混合后经过超声波清洗去除沉淀在沙漠沙粒表面的硅质鳞片和硅质薄膜，沙漠的沙子经过长时间的风化，硅质鳞片和硅质薄膜等硅质沉淀层在沙粒表面广泛存在，会改变沙粒的物质吸附能欧和电荷携带能力。
优选的，所述紫木节需要依次经过捣浆、磁选和漂白的工艺流程进行预处理。
其中，所述第一次练泥和第二次练泥中调整泥料的pH为7呈弱碱性；因为泥料中含有紫木节，紫木节含有较多的炭质腐殖质，腐殖质与碱液作用能发生水解形成保护胶体，有助于泥料成型性能改善。
实施例三
坯体料包括SiO2：70％；Al2O3：15％；CaO：2.0％；ZrO2：3.5％；Na2O+K2O：2.6％；Fe2O3：2.0％；MgO：3.5％；LiO2：0.8％；TiO2：0.5％；P2O5：0.1％。
优选的，上述坯体料制备坯体的工艺流程依次为按配方配料，放入球磨机中进行混合研磨，其中料：球：水为1:1.5:0.5，制得混合均匀的泥料；接着，混合均匀的泥料经过过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥后塑压成型、干燥制成坯体。
白料包括SiO2：69.2％；Al2O3：15％；CaO：2.0％；ZrO2：3.5％；Na2O+K2O：2.6％；Fe2O3：2.0％；MgO：3.5％；LiO2：1.6％；TiO2：0.5％。
优选的，上述白料制备各色白料的工艺流程依次为按配方配料，放入球磨机中进行混合研磨，其中料：球：水为1:1.5:0.5，制得混合均匀的泥料；接着，混合均匀的泥料经过过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥放入球磨机中进行混合研磨，其中料：球：水为1:1.5:0.5，制得混合均匀的泥料；接着，混合均匀的泥料依次过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥后加入原料总质量55％的水送入球磨机球磨12小时得到所需各种颜色的白料。
将不同颜色的白料按照设计在坯体表面描绘成图。
随后，将描绘好的坯体在1200℃～1310℃高温中一次煅烧成自生釉珐琅瓷。
一次烧成的烧制过程如下：
(1)常温～200℃，慢速升温2～3h至300℃，在氧气气氛中进行烧制，升温速率为1～1.5℃/min；
(2)200℃～900℃，提高升温速度，保持升温速率为8～10℃/min；
(3)900℃～1200℃，降低升温速率防止瓷开裂，升温速率为3～5℃/min；
(4)在1200℃～1310℃范围内保温3～6h，促进瓷晶相稳定形成；
(5)1310℃～600℃，高温快速冷却阶段，降温速率为16～18℃/min；
(7)自然冷却至100℃以下。
优选的，所述取自沙漠的沙粒需要与水溶液混合后经过超声波清洗去除沉淀在沙漠沙粒表面的硅质鳞片和硅质薄膜，沙漠的沙子经过长时间的风化，硅质鳞片和硅质薄膜等硅质沉淀层在沙粒表面广泛存在，会改变沙粒的物质吸附能欧和电荷携带能力。
优选的，所述紫木节需要依次经过捣浆、磁选和漂白的工艺流程进行预处理。
其中，所述第一次练泥和第二次练泥中调整泥料的pH为7呈弱碱性；因为泥料中含有紫木节，紫木节含有较多的炭质腐殖质，腐殖质与碱液作用能发生水解形成保护胶体，有助于泥料成型性能改善。
综合力学性能测试结果
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种自生釉珐琅瓷泥料，其特征在于：包括坯体料和填料上色用的白料；坯体料组分及重量百分比为：取自沙漠的沙粒：45%~55%；叶腊石：8%~10%；紫木节：6%~8%；煤矸石：10%~13%；镁基膨润土：2%~4%；钾长石：4%~8%；钠长石：3%~6%；微米级锂辉石：1%~3%；硅酸锆：2%~4%；硅灰石：4%~6%；白料组分及重量百分比为：取自沙漠的沙粒：45%~55%；叶腊石：8%~10%；紫木节：6%~8%；煤矸石：10%~13%；镁基膨润土：2%~4%；钾长石：4%~8%；钠长石：3%~6%；微米级锂辉石：2%~5%；硅酸锆：2%~4%；硅灰石：4%~6%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自生釉珐琅瓷泥料，其特征在于：坯体料组分中化学组成按重量百分比为：SiO2：60%~70%；Al2O3：16%~20%；CaO：2.5%~4.5%；ZrO2：3.5%~5.0%；Na2O+K2O：2.6%~4.6%；Fe2O3：1.2%~2.5%；MgO：2.8%~3.8%；LiO2：0.8%~1.5%；TiO2：0.5%~1.0%；P2O5：0.1%~0.2%；白料组分中化学组成按重量百分比为：SiO2：60%~70%；Al2O3：16%~20%；CaO：2.5%~4.5%；ZrO2：3.5%~5.0%；Na2O+K2O：2.6%~4.6%；Fe2O3：1.2%~2.5%；MgO：2.8%~3.8%；LiO2：1.5%~2%；TiO2：0.5%~1.0%；P2O5：0.1%~0.2%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的自生釉珐琅瓷泥料，其特征在于：白料内渗入所需色料；色料为氧化铁、氧化铬、氧化铜、氧化锑、氧化镍、氧化钴、氧化锡、氧化锰中的一种或者几种混合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的自生釉珐琅瓷泥料，其特征在于：坯体料内渗入所需色料；色料为氧化铁、氧化铬、氧化铜、氧化锑、氧化镍、氧化钴、氧化锡、氧化锰中的一种或者几种混合物。
5.一种制备自生釉珐琅瓷的工艺，其特征在于：包括权利要求1或2所述的自生釉珐琅瓷泥料，步骤如下：
S1、制备成型坯体；按坯体料配方配料、球磨、过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥、定型后制备出成型坯体；
S2、制备各色白料：按白料配方加上不同颜色的色料各自配料、球磨、过筛、除铁、压滤、第一次练泥、第二次练泥后、加入水一起混合后即得制备出所需各种颜色的白料；
S3、画坯；采用不同颜色的白料在坯体表面描绘成图；
S4、一次烧成；将描绘好的坯体在1200℃~1310℃高温中一次煅烧成自生釉珐琅瓷。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备自生釉珐琅瓷的工艺，其特征在于：白料的膨胀系数等于或略小于成型坯体的膨胀系数。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备自生釉珐琅瓷的工艺，其特征在于：白料的膨胀系数为155-165每摄氏度。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备自生釉珐琅瓷的工艺，其特征在于：上述步骤S4的一次烧成的烧制过程如下：
（1）常温~200℃，慢速升温2~3h至300℃，在氧气气氛中进行烧制，升温速率为1~1.5℃/min；
（2）200℃~900℃，提高升温速度，保持升温速率为8~10℃/min；
（3）900℃~1200℃，降低升温速率防止瓷开裂，升温速率为3~5℃/min；
（4）在1200℃~1310℃范围内保温3~6h，促进瓷晶相稳定形成；
（5）1310℃~600℃，高温快速冷却阶段，降温速率为16~18℃/min；
自然冷却至100℃以下。
9.根据权利要求5所述的制备自生釉珐琅瓷的工艺，其特征在于：上述步骤S2中，第二次炼泥后的白料分别加入原料总质量40%~60%的水送入球磨机球磨12~24小时得到所需各种颜色的白料。
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| CN114105623A (zh) * | 2021-08-03 | 2022-03-01 | 湖南仙凤瓷业有限公司 | 一种具有高强度的玉瓷泥料及其制备方法 |
| CN114133220A (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-04 | 德化县如瓷生活文化有限公司 | 手工陶瓷花艺与日用器皿的无缝粘接工艺品及其制备方法 |
| CN114133220B (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-12-02 | 德化县如瓷生活文化有限公司 | 手工陶瓷花艺与日用器皿的无缝粘接工艺品及其制备方法 |
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