CN109649624A - Small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system - Google Patents
Small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109649624A CN109649624A CN201910047159.1A CN201910047159A CN109649624A CN 109649624 A CN109649624 A CN 109649624A CN 201910047159 A CN201910047159 A CN 201910047159A CN 109649624 A CN109649624 A CN 109649624A
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- small
- inland river
- output end
- super capacitor
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/20—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/20—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units
- B63H2021/202—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units of hybrid electric type
- B63H2021/205—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units of hybrid electric type the second power unit being of the internal combustion engine type, or the like, e.g. a Diesel engine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid systems, and fuel cell is parallel with the super capacitor output, when wherein one group of power source performance decline, another group small-sized inland river ship can be provided needed for energy.Fuel cell pack is higher than the full piezoelectric voltage of super capacitor by the output voltage of unidirectional DC/DC converter;When the output power needed for small-sized inland river ship is lower, energy is provided by fuel cell, while charging to super capacitor, until the electricity of super capacitor reaches full electricity, super capacitor stops charging after reaching full electricity;When the output power needed for small-sized inland river ship exceeds the ability of fuel cell, fuel cell is worked at the same time with super capacitor, provides power for small-sized inland river ship.When occurring fuel cell during the navigation of small-sized inland river ship or running out of gas, diesel generating set starting provides the electric energy that makes a return voyage for small-sized inland river ship.The present invention can utmostly extend small-sized inland river ship hours underway, and simplified aerodynamic system reduces power-supply system and occupies specific gravity, reduces the energy consumption of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hybrid power field of power supplies, mixed with fuel cell more specifically to a kind of small-sized inland river ship
Close dynamical system.
Background technique
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of environmental requirement, tradition is not able to satisfy by the small-sized inland river ship of the energy of oil-burning machine
Environmental requirement, many scenic spots have forbidden to run only with diesel-driven sightseeing boat, using solar energy and battery it is pure too
The positive small-sized inland river ship of energy is increasingly taken seriously.But at this stage, since solar energy density is low, unstability and visit
Ship space is limited, and the power system capacity of pure solar energy sightseeing boat is limited, and cruising ability is insufficient so that small-sized inland river ship apply by
To limitation, tourist attraction economic development is seriously affected.Fuel cell, which has, discharges that low, noise is small, low vibration and energy efficiency
The advantages that high, the research rapid deployment in small-sized inland river ship field.Due to fuel cell poor dynamic, the rapid fluctuations of power
The service life of its own can be seriously affected, and cause busbar voltage fluctuation to reducing power quality, thus fuel cell need with
Energy storage device matches.Major part hybrid power system supplementary energy uses single storage battery power supply at present, the characteristics of battery
That technology is relatively perfect, simply cost is relatively low for structure, but its occupied space is larger, battery with two side terminals together with accuracy very
It is difficult to resolve certainly, in operational process the case where normal emergent power fluctuation, battery is difficult to meet performance requirement at this time and there are the longevity
Order shortening problem.In addition, fuel cell power system needs to match electric air compressor according to watt level, fuel is electric at present
The electric air compressor number of components of the air supply system of pond dynamical system is more, in application, depositing on small-sized inland river ship
In the problem that structure is complicated and the starting waiting time is too long.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a kind of small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Design a kind of small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system, including fuel cell module, accessory power supply mould
Block, emergency power supply module, charging unit module and air supply module, the air supply module provide for fuel cell module
Air, the fuel cell module, emergency power supply module output end connect the input terminal of unidirectional DC/DC converter, the list
It is divided into two branches after being sequentially connected to the output end and switch K1, diode D1 and fuse F1 of DC/DC converter, first
Road connects the input terminal of the electric machine controller of small-sized inland river ship, and second branch is sequentially connected switch K2, diode D2 and fuse
The input terminal of the charging unit module is accessed after F2, the output end of the charging unit module connects the defeated of auxiliary power module
Enter end, the input terminal of the output end connection electric machine controller of the auxiliary power module, the output end of the electric machine controller connects
The driving motor M of connection small inland river ship is connected between the driving motor M and air supply module by clutch.
In the above scheme, the fuel cell module includes that fuel cell controller, fuel cell pile and hydrogen supply
System is answered, the hydrogen supply system provides hydrogen for fuel cell pack, and the output end of the fuel cell controller connects combustion
Expect battery stack;The output end of the fuel cell pack connects the input terminal of unidirectional DC/DC converter.
In the above scheme, the emergency power supply module includes diesel generating set and rectifier, the diesel-driven generator
The output end of group is sequentially connected the input that unidirectional DC/DC converter is accessed after rectifier, diode D5, fuse F4, switch K4
End.
In the above scheme, the charging unit module is made of relay and controllable silicon in serial connection.
In the above scheme, output end of the input terminal of the charging unit module also with unidirectional DC/DC converter
Connection, is monitored the output voltage V2 of the unidirectional DC/DC converter;The output end of the charging unit also passes through two poles
The connection of the output end of pipe D4 and super capacitor, is monitored the end voltage V1 of the super capacitor.
In the above scheme, the auxiliary power module includes supercapacitor and two-way DC/DC converter, described super
The input terminal of capacitor and the output end of charging unit module, the output end of the super capacitor are sequentially connected two-way DC/DC transformation
The input terminal of electric machine controller is accessed after device, switch K3, diode D3 and fuse F3.
In the above scheme, the air supply module includes air compressor machine component, humidifier and air filtration muffler, institute
It states and is connected between air compressor machine component and driving motor M by clutch, the air that air compressor machine component is arranged in the humidifier is defeated
Outlet, the air filtration muffler are arranged in air compressor machine component internal.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The present invention is in parallel by fuel cell and super capacitor, works at the same time in small-sized inland river ship in boost phase;It is small-sized
The cruise of inland river ship and decline process only use fuel cell, and super capacitor does not work, and can extend small-sized inland river to the greatest extent
Ship hours underway;The present invention is additionally added diesel generating set and provides emergency output, utmostly guarantees the reliability of canoe navigation
With safety;Charging unit is introduced, in the whole process the end of the output voltage to unidirectional DC/DC converter and super capacitor electricity
Pressure keeps monitoring, it is ensured that super capacitor charge and discharge process can be normally carried out;The air force for meeting duty requirements, simplification is provided
System reduces power-supply system and occupies specific gravity, when starting canoe without waiting, to reduce the energy consumption of system.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the control principle schematic diagram of the small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the operating mode timing control of the small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system, including fuel cell
Module, auxiliary power module, emergency power supply module, charging unit module and air supply module.Fuel cell module includes combustion
Material battery controller, fuel cell pile and hydrogen supply system, hydrogen supply system provide hydrogen, fuel for fuel cell pack
The output end of battery controller connects fuel cell pile, and the output end of fuel cell pack connects the defeated of unidirectional DC/DC converter
Enter end.Emergency power supply module includes diesel generating set and rectifier, the output end of diesel generating set be sequentially connected rectifier,
The input terminal of unidirectional DC/DC converter is accessed after diode D5, fuse F4, switch K4.The output end of unidirectional DC/DC converter
It is divided into two branches after being sequentially connected with switch K1, diode D1 and fuse F1, the first branch connects the electricity of small-sized inland river ship
The input terminal of machine controller, second branch access charging unit module after being sequentially connected switch K2, diode D2 and fuse F2
Input terminal.Charging unit module is made of relay and controllable silicon in serial connection, the input terminal of charging unit module also with unidirectional DC/
The output end of DC converter connects, and is monitored to the output voltage V2 of unidirectional DC/DC converter.Auxiliary power module includes super
Grade capacitor and two-way DC/DC converter, the output end of charging unit module and the input terminal of super capacitor connect, super capacitor
Output end be sequentially connected after two-way DC/DC converter, switch K3, diode D3 and fuse F3 and access the defeated of electric machine controller
Enter end.The output end of charging unit also passes through diode D4 and the output end of super capacitor connects, to the end voltage of super capacitor
V1 is monitored.Air supply module provides air for fuel cell module, and air supply module includes air compressor machine component, humidification
Device and air filtration muffler are connected between air compressor machine component and driving motor M by clutch, and humidifier is arranged in air compressor machine
The air output end of component, air filtration muffler are arranged in air compressor machine component internal.
The maximum difference of the present invention and the prior art is that fuel cell is parallel with the super capacitor output, when wherein one group
Power source performance decline when, another group small-sized inland river ship can be provided needed for energy.Fuel cell pack passes through unidirectional DC/DC converter
Output voltage be higher than the full piezoelectric voltage of super capacitor.When the output power needed for small-sized inland river ship is lower, by fuel cell
Energy is provided, while being charged to super capacitor, until the electricity of super capacitor reaches full electricity, super capacitor stops after reaching full electricity
Charging, this is able to extend endurance.When the output power needed for small-sized inland river ship exceeds the ability of fuel cell, fuel cell and super
Grade capacitor works at the same time, and provides power for small-sized inland river ship.Once there is fuel cell event during the navigation of small-sized inland river ship
When hindering or running out of gas, diesel generating set starting provides the electric energy that makes a return voyage for small-sized inland river ship.
At work, the charging system moment detects the output of unidirectional DC/DC converter to the fuel cell hybrid system
The output voltage for holding voltage and super capacitor, when the output voltage of super capacitor is electric lower than the output end of unidirectional DC/DC converter
When pressure, charging unit can charge to super capacitor, when super capacitor reaches full electricity, stop charging.
The output end voltage of unidirectional DC/DC converter is higher than the full piezoelectric voltage of super capacitor, this ensure that system work
During work, after super capacitor consumption is excessive, fuel cell can provide electricity after unidirectional DC/DC converter for canoe
It charges while energy for super capacitor, guarantees that super capacitor electricity in normal range of operation, will not be such that super capacitor goes out always
It now overcharges or the case where over-discharge.
Charging unit moment in fuel cell hybrid system work process monitors the output of unidirectional DC/DC converter
Hold the output voltage of voltage and super capacitor, it is ensured that super capacitor charge and discharge process can be normally carried out.
As shown in Fig. 2, canoe control system is mutual with electric machine controller, fuel cell pack, super capacitance management device respectively
Communication, hydrogen supply system, air supply system are controlled by canoe control system.The output end of fuel cell pack and unidirectional DC/
The connection of DC converter, the output end connection switch K1 of unidirectional DC/DC converter power to electric machine controller all the way, and another way connects
It meets switch K2 to power to charging unit, to charge for super capacitor.Super capacitor is canoe control system and super capacitance
Reason system provides low pressure input, and super capacitor passes through two-way DC/DC converter, powers after connection switch K3 for electric machine controller.
For diesel generating set by rectifier, connection switch K4 is to power under canoe case of emergency.Switch K1~K4 is relay switch,
Switch K1~K4 is completed closure/disconnection by the control of canoe ship control system.The control system of canoe has microprocessor, can be with
Facilitate and carry out digital operation processing and realize whole ship control, clutch is controlled by canoe control system.
It is opened the working process of the invention is as follows: Fig. 3 presents canoe each switching device under each operating mode
It closes, element/device start and stop timing control.
The output of fuel cell hybrid system power supply include fuel cell pile and/or super capacitor power supply output and
The output of diesel generating set.
When canoe is in startup stage;When throttle signal provides, K1, K2, K4 are in an off state, and K3 is in closed form
State, super capacitor provide starting energy for canoe, and driving motor M is started turning at this time, between air compressor machine component and driving motor M
Clutch be attracted, air compressor machine component rotary work is driven, by being supplied to fuel cell after the compression of the air of filtering silencer
Heap.Hydrogen supply system provides hydrogen for fuel cell pack, is stepped up fuel battery voltage to normal work needed for system
Voltage.
When canoe is in cruising phase, switch K2, K3, K4 are disconnected, and switch K1 is in closed state, fuel cell pack list
Electric energy solely is provided for canoe, driving motor M revolving speed tends to be constant, and air compressor machine component is driven to provide stable pressure for fuel cell pack
The air of power and tolerance.Meanwhile as needed, switch K2 closed state, fuel cell pack are super capacitor by charging unit
Charging.
When canoe is in boost phase, switch K2, K4 are in an off state, and switch K1, K3 are in closed state, fuel
Battery pile and super capacitor provide electric energy jointly for canoe;When the voltage value of super capacitor output end is lower than the voltage value set
When, switch K3 is disconnected, and super capacitor stops output.Canoe is in accelerator, and driving motor M revolving speed is more and more big, air compressor machine
Revolving speed also increases with it, and the air pressure and tolerance provided for fuel cell pack also increases with it, and correspondingly improves the confession of hydrogen
The power demand that can meet entire canoe should be measured.
When canoe retarding braking, switch K1, K3, K4 are in an off state, and switch K2 is in closed state, driving motor
M revolving speed gradually reduces, and fuel cell pack stops supply hydrogen, and the pressure-air that air compressor machine component generates blows internal system
It sweeps, the feedback energy for braking generation charges to super capacitor, when super-capacitor voltage value is higher than the voltage value of setting, stops filling
Electricity.Fuel cell pack stops supply hydrogen, canoe mechanical braking.
When canoe reversing, switch K1, K4 are in an off state, and switch K2, switch K3 are in closed state, air-compressor set
Clutch between part and driving motor M disconnects, and fuel cell pack stops working, and is individually for canoe by super capacitor and provides the energy.
When underpower needed for moving backward, fuel cell pack or super capacitor or fuel cell pack provide energy with super capacitor jointly
Source.When voltage value of the super-capacitor voltage value lower than setting, super capacitor stops working.
When fuel cell pack breaks down or runs out of gas, switch K1, K4 closure, switch K2, K3 are disconnected, and start diesel oil
Generating set provides the electric energy that makes a return voyage for canoe.
The output end voltage of selected unidirectional DC/DC converter is 380V in this example, and it is 370V that super capacitor, which expires piezoelectric voltage,
Power of the canoe needed for boost phase is 40kw, and fuel cell pack rated power is 20kw, and the capacity of diesel generating set is set
Meter need to meet when fuel cell breaks down, and so that yacht is maked a return voyage safely under economy navigation, while to super capacitor
Charging, revolution speed of propeller is about the 50%~70% of maximum speed when canoe is in economic navigation, selected diesel-driven generator power
For 12kw.
The embodiment of the present invention is described in attached drawing, but the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiment parties
Formula, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art are in this hair
Under bright enlightenment, without breaking away from the scope protected by the purposes and claims of the present invention, many forms can be also made, this
It is belonged within protection of the invention a bit.
Claims (7)
1. small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system, which is characterized in that including fuel cell module, accessory power supply mould
Block, emergency power supply module, charging unit module and air supply module, the air supply module provide for fuel cell module
Air, the fuel cell module, emergency power supply module output end connect the input terminal of unidirectional DC/DC converter, the list
It is divided into two branches after being sequentially connected to the output end and switch K1, diode D1 and fuse F1 of DC/DC converter, first
Road connects the input terminal of the electric machine controller of small-sized inland river ship, and second branch is sequentially connected switch K2, diode D2 and fuse
The input terminal of the charging unit module is accessed after F2, the output end of the charging unit module connects the defeated of auxiliary power module
Enter end, the input terminal of the output end connection electric machine controller of the auxiliary power module, the output end of the electric machine controller connects
The driving motor M of connection small inland river ship is connected between the driving motor M and air supply module by clutch.
2. small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fuel
Battery module includes fuel cell controller, fuel cell pile and hydrogen supply system, and the hydrogen supply system is fuel
Battery pile provides hydrogen, and the output end of the fuel cell controller connects fuel cell pile;The fuel cell pack it is defeated
Outlet connects the input terminal of unidirectional DC/DC converter.
3. small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the emergency
Power module includes diesel generating set and rectifier, and the output end of the diesel generating set is sequentially connected rectifier, two poles
The input terminal of unidirectional DC/DC converter is accessed after pipe D5, fuse F4, switch K4.
4. small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the charging
Apparatus module is made of relay and controllable silicon in serial connection.
5. small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The input terminal of charging unit module is also connect with the output end of unidirectional DC/DC converter, to the defeated of the unidirectional DC/DC converter
Voltage V2 is monitored out;The output end of the charging unit also passes through diode D4 and the output end of super capacitor connects, right
The end voltage V1 of the super capacitor is monitored.
6. small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the auxiliary
Power module includes supercapacitor and two-way DC/DC converter, input terminal and the charging unit module of the super capacitor
Output end, the output end of the super capacitor are sequentially connected two-way DC/DC converter, switch K3, diode D3 and fuse F3
The input terminal of electric machine controller is accessed afterwards.
7. small-sized inland river ship fuel cell hybrid system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the air
Supply module includes air compressor machine component, humidifier and air filtration muffler, is led between the air compressor machine component and driving motor M
Clutch connection is crossed, the air output end of air compressor machine component is arranged in the humidifier, and the air filtration muffler setting exists
Air compressor machine component internal.
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Cited By (4)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN110697060A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-01-17 | 高洪江 | Hybrid battery driven electric aircraft |
CN111585303A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 | Ship emergency hybrid power station based on super capacitor |
CN113879181A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-04 | 江苏大学 | Real-time energy management control method capable of prolonging service life of fuel cell |
WO2023187766A1 (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-10-05 | Ecomar Propulsion Ltd | An energy management and control system |
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