CN109647137B - Fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid - Google Patents
Fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN109647137B CN109647137B CN201910007374.9A CN201910007374A CN109647137B CN 109647137 B CN109647137 B CN 109647137B CN 201910007374 A CN201910007374 A CN 201910007374A CN 109647137 B CN109647137 B CN 109647137B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1406—Multiple stage absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
Abstract
The invention provides a fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid, which comprises a Venturi washing device, a primary washing device, a pipe washing device, a secondary washing device and a tertiary washing device which are sequentially arranged. According to the fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid, fluorine-containing waste gas sequentially passes through a Venturi washing device, a primary washing device, a pipe washing device, a secondary washing device and a tertiary washing device for multi-stage washing, each stage of washing device is provided with a circulating pool, circulating liquid in the Venturi circulating pool and a circulating pool of a washing tower is continuously pumped out to enter a first plate frame filter and a second plate frame filter, silica gel precipitation in the fluorine absorption system is removed, and the blocking frequency is reduced; changes the path of supplementing the reclaimed water, reduces the temperature of the tail gas and the concentration of the circulating liquid, thereby improving the absorption efficiency of the fluosilicic acid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of purification equipment, in particular to a fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid.
Background
Phosphoric acid is produced industrially in two ways, wet-process phosphoric acid and hot-process phosphoric acid. The wet-process phosphoric acid is mainly prepared by extracting and reacting strong acid (mainly sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid in a few processes) with phosphate ore and filtering, the hot-process phosphoric acid is prepared by taking yellow phosphorus as a raw material and performing oxidation, hydration and other reactions, the purity of the phosphoric acid prepared by the hot-process is higher, but the energy consumption is higher, the phosphoric acid is mainly a raw material for producing products with high added values and high purity, the wet-process phosphoric acid has certain impurity content and relatively low cost, is mainly used for producing phosphate fertilizers and the like, and can also replace part of the hot-process phosphoric acid to become a raw material of a middle-end phosphorus product after the wet-process phosphoric acid purification technology is greatly developed in recent years. The main product monoammonium phosphate of our company is produced by using wet-process phosphoric acid as a raw material.
The main production raw materials of wet-process phosphoric acid of our company are phosphate ore and sulfuric acid, the amount of phosphate ore resources in China is about 168 hundred million tons, 2-4% of fluorine resources are associated on average, about 7-8% of fluorine is released in a gas (mainly existing in the form of SiF4 and HF) form in the process of extracting phosphoric acid, because the fluorine-containing gas has great harm to human bodies and natural environment, the process is usually matched with a washing and absorbing device, fluorine-containing tail gas is absorbed by water to generate fluosilicic acid for recovery, and w (H) is obtained2SiF6) 8% -18%, and the system consisting of the device and inlet and outlet water is called a wet-process fluorine phosphate absorption system. The system has the main functions of treating fluorine gas generated in the phosphoric acid extraction reaction process, enabling the fluorine gas to reach the discharge standard and simultaneously balancing inlet and outlet water and upstream and downstream water. In the process of fluorine absorptionThe main chemical reaction equation is:
3SiF4+(n+2)H2O→2H2SiF6+SiO2·nH2O↓
SiO2+4HF＝SiF4(gas) +2H2O
When HF is excessive, SiO2+6HF＝H2SiF6+2H2O
SiF at higher temperature of the extraction system4The larger the amount escaped, the more silica gel precipitate formed. Both fluorine-containing gas and fluorine-containing liquid have strong corrosivity, silica gel precipitate can be generated when the fluorine-containing gas and the fluorine-containing liquid are absorbed by water, the silica gel precipitate is in a gel state or a soft fiber state and is blocked in a system, meanwhile, the fluorine-containing gas escaping from a reaction tank contains more or less extraction foam and slurry entrainment of the reaction tank under the general condition, mainly contains calcium, iron, aluminum and other ionic compounds, and precipitates together with silica gel, fluosilicic acid and the like to block a gas pipeline and a circulating liquid pipeline, so that the circulating amount is reduced, the absorption effect is reduced, great difficulty is brought to production operation, tail gas cannot stably reach the standard and is discharged, frequent stopping and cleaning are needed, the continuity of starting cannot be ensured, and finally, great environmental protection risk and economic benefit are brought. The national allowable emission standard of the total fluorine in the wet-process phosphoric acid tail gas is 9mg/m3。
When the automobile is originally driven, the original tail gas washing device can basically achieve the emission standard, but due to the problem of blockage, the tail gas discharged by a plurality of matched tail gas washing devices cannot achieve the national allowable total fluorine emission standard after the tail gas washing devices are operated for a period of time. The washing effect can be partially recovered by manually cleaning the blockage after the vehicle is stopped. The washing device has short running time and longer cleaning time, wastes time and labor, influences the driving rate and reduces the economic benefit. If the cleaning is not carried out, the exhaust emission exceeds the standard, the field operation environment is severe, the national regulation is violated, and the physical and mental health of workers is influenced, so that the improvement of the fluorine absorption exhaust washing system is urgent.
The gas fluorine is fluorine which is not washed and absorbed in the tail gas, and is the embodiment of the absorption efficiency of the system, and the dust fluorine is liquid drops, dust and the like such as silica gel sediment and the like carried out in the tail gas, on one hand, the embodiment of the blockage degree of the system is realized, and on the other hand, the embodiment of the defoaming effect of the system is realized. Therefore, the research contents of the subject are: improving the absorption efficiency of fluosilicic acid, reducing (or eliminating) silica gel precipitation in the system, reducing the generation of fog drops, improving the defoaming device and the like. The absorption efficiency of fluosilicic acid is influenced by the concentration, temperature and circulation amount (spray density) of fluosilicic acid washing liquid, and the lower the concentration and the lower the temperature, the higher the absorption efficiency. The generation of the fog drops is mainly related to the structure and the principle of the spray head, the pump lift and the like. From the washing mechanism, if the water quantity is enough, the tail gas is washed to reach the standard, no problem exists, but the water balance limitation is exactly, so the washing efficiency must be improved from multiple angles and multiple means, the tail gas is ensured to reach the standard and be discharged under the limited condition, and meanwhile, the operation period is prolonged as far as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid, which improves the absorption efficiency of fluosilicic acid, reduces the blocking frequency, reduces the generation of fog drops and enhances the demisting effect.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid, which comprises a Venturi washing device, a primary washing device, a pipe washing device, a secondary washing device and a tertiary washing device which are arranged in sequence,
the Venturi washing device comprises a Venturi, a Venturi circulation pool, a Venturi washing pump and a first plate and frame filter, the Venturi comprises an inlet positioned at the upper part, an outlet positioned at the lower part and a first spraying mechanism positioned inside, the outlet of the Venturi is communicated with the inlet of the Venturi circulation pool, the Venturi circulation pool is connected with the first spraying mechanism through the Venturi washing pump, and the Venturi circulation pool is connected with the first plate and frame filter;
the first-stage washing device comprises a first-stage washing tower, a tower circulating tank, a tower washing pump and a second plate-and-frame filter, wherein an inlet of the tower circulating tank is communicated with an outlet of the Venturi circulating tank, the first-stage washing tower comprises a gas-phase outlet positioned above, a liquid-phase outlet positioned below and a second spraying mechanism arranged inside, the liquid-phase outlet of the first-stage washing tower is communicated with an inlet of the tower circulating tank, the tower circulating tank is connected with the second spraying mechanism through the tower washing pump, and the tower circulating tank is connected with the second plate-and-frame filter;
the pipe washing device comprises a pipe washing tower, a pipe washing circulation tank and a pipe washing pump, wherein the pipe washing tower comprises a gas phase inlet positioned above, a liquid phase outlet positioned below and a third spraying mechanism arranged inside, the gas phase inlet of the pipe washing tower is communicated with the gas phase outlet of the first-stage washing tower, the liquid phase outlet of the pipe washing tower is communicated with the inlet of the pipe washing circulation tank, and the pipe washing circulation tank is connected with the third spraying mechanism through the pipe washing pump;
the second-stage washing device comprises a second-stage washing tower, a second-stage circulating tank, a second-stage washing pump and a transfer pump, the second-stage washing tower comprises a gas-phase outlet positioned above, a liquid-phase outlet positioned below, an inlet positioned in the middle and a fourth spraying mechanism positioned inside, the inlet of the second-stage washing tower is communicated with the pipe washing circulating tank through the transfer pump, the liquid-phase outlet of the second-stage washing tower is communicated with the inlet of the second-stage circulating tank, and the second-stage circulating tank is connected with the fourth spraying mechanism through the second-stage washing pump;
the three-stage washing device comprises a three-stage washing tower, a three-stage washing pump and a phosphoric acid filter, wherein the three-stage washing tower comprises a gas phase discharge port positioned above, a liquid phase outlet positioned below, a reclaimed water replenishing port positioned above, a small circulating tank positioned inside, and a fifth spraying mechanism, the three-stage washing tower is positioned above the second-stage washing tower, the liquid phase outlet of the three-stage washing tower is communicated with the upper part of the second-stage washing tower, the fifth spraying mechanism is connected with the second-stage circulating tank through the three-stage washing pump, and the phosphoric acid filter is connected with the second-stage circulating tank through the three-stage washing pump.
Furthermore, the Venturi washing device also comprises a finished product fluorine water tank, and the Venturi circulation tank is communicated with the finished product fluorine water tank; the first-stage washing device further comprises a water supplementing tank, and the water supplementing tank is communicated with the tower circulation tank.
Furthermore, the pipe washing device also comprises a sewage tank, wherein an outlet of the sewage tank is communicated with an inlet of the pipe washing tower, and an inlet of the sewage tank is communicated with an outlet of the pipe washing circulation tank.
Further, the third spray mechanism comprises a third spray pipe and a third vortex nozzle, the third spray pipe is multi-layer, the third spray pipe is provided with the third vortex nozzle which is uniformly distributed, and the third vortex nozzle on the uppermost layer is communicated with the outlet of the sewage tank.
Further, the first spraying mechanism comprises a first spraying pipe and a first spiral spray head, the first spraying pipe is communicated with the first spiral spray head, and the spraying direction of the first spiral spray head is vertical and downward.
Further, the second spraying mechanism comprises a second spray pipe and a second vortex nozzle which are communicated with each other.
Further, the fourth spraying mechanism comprises a fourth spraying pipe and a fourth vortex nozzle which are communicated with each other.
Further, the fifth spraying mechanism comprises a fifth spraying pipe and a fifth vortex nozzle which are communicated with each other.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid, fluorine-containing waste gas sequentially passes through a Venturi washing device, a primary washing device, a pipe washing device, a secondary washing device and a tertiary washing device for multi-stage washing, each stage of washing device is provided with a circulating pool, circulating liquid in the Venturi circulating pool and a circulating pool of a washing tower is continuously pumped out to enter a first plate frame filter and a second plate frame filter, silica gel precipitation in the fluorine absorption system is removed, and the blocking frequency is reduced;
the reclaimed water is supplemented from the third-stage washing tower, part of the circulating washing liquid enters a small circulating groove in the third-stage washing tower, circulating spraying washing is carried out through a three-tower washing pump arranged in the small circulating groove, and the other part of the washing liquid directly flows into the second-stage washing tower. The washing liquid circulating in the second-stage washing tower is also circularly sprayed and washed by a second-stage washing pump, and finally the washing liquid is subjected to third washing by a filter; the water supply in the original whole phosphoric acid system is water for each water supply, the thought is changed at present, after the water supply equipment and the process are thoroughly studied, all water is firstly supplied with fluorine for absorption, and after one pass, the water is supplied to a filter for three times of washing, and the like. The phase change increases the water supplement amount of fluorine absorption, but the total water supplement amount of a phosphoric acid system is not increased, the water balance is not influenced, and the fluorine content after washing is not high (0.005-0.05%) due to large water amount, and the influence on water using equipment is also small. The tail gas temperature and the concentration of the circulating liquid are reduced, and the absorption efficiency of the fluosilicic acid is improved because the absorption efficiency of the fluosilicic acid is influenced by the concentration, the temperature, the circulating amount (spraying density), the vapor-liquid contact time and the like of a fluosilicic acid washing liquid;
in order to increase the washing water amount, gradually reduce the fluorine content in the tail gas and find a proper outlet for the washed water, the applicant performs certain adjustment on the water balance through a great amount of innovative exploration to reach the balance point that the water is not discharged and the gas is not overproof.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid provided in example 1 of the present invention;
1. a venturi scrubbing device; 11. a venturi; 111. a first spraying mechanism; 12. a venturi circulation tank; 13. a venturi washer pump; 14. a first plate and frame filter; 15. a finished product fluorine water tank; 2. a primary washing device; 21. a first-stage washing tower; 211. a second spraying mechanism; 22. a tower circulation tank; 23. a tower washing pump; 24. a second plate and frame filter; 25. a water replenishing tank; 3. a pipe washing device; 31. washing the tower with a tube; 311. a third spraying mechanism; 32. a pipe washing circulation tank; 33. a pipe washing pump; 34. a sewage tank; 4. a secondary washing device; 41. a secondary washing tower; 411. a fourth spraying mechanism; 42. a second tower circulation tank; 43. a second tower washing pump; 44. a transfer pump; 5. a third-stage washing device; 51. a third stage washing tower; 511. a fifth spraying mechanism; 52. a three-tower washing pump; 53. a phosphoric acid filter.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid, which comprises a Venturi scrubbing device 1, a primary scrubbing device 2, a pipe scrubbing device 3, a secondary scrubbing device 4 and a tertiary scrubbing device 5 which are arranged in sequence,
the venturi washing device 1 comprises a venturi 11, a venturi circulation tank 12, a venturi washing pump 13 and a first plate and frame filter 14, wherein the venturi 11 comprises an inlet positioned at the upper part, an outlet positioned at the lower part and a first spraying mechanism 111 positioned inside, the outlet of the venturi 11 is communicated with the inlet of the venturi circulation tank 12, the venturi circulation tank 12 is connected with the first spraying mechanism 111 through the venturi washing pump 13, and the venturi circulation tank 12 is connected with the first plate and frame filter 14;
the first-stage washing device 2 comprises a first-stage washing tower 21, a tower circulating tank 22, a tower washing pump 23 and a second plate-and-frame filter 24, wherein an inlet of the tower circulating tank 22 is communicated with an outlet of the venturi circulating tank 12, the first-stage washing tower 21 comprises a gas-phase outlet (not numbered in the figure) positioned above, a liquid-phase outlet (not numbered in the figure) positioned below and a second spraying mechanism 211 arranged inside, a liquid-phase outlet of the first-stage washing tower 21 is communicated with an inlet of the tower circulating tank 22, the tower circulating tank 22 is connected with the second spraying mechanism 211 through the tower washing pump 23, and the tower circulating tank 22 is connected with the second plate-and-frame filter 24;
the pipe washing device 3 comprises a pipe washing tower 31, a pipe washing circulation tank 32 and a pipe washing pump 33, wherein the pipe washing tower 31 comprises a gas phase inlet (not numbered in the figure) positioned above, a liquid phase outlet (not numbered in the figure) positioned below and a third spraying mechanism 311 arranged inside, the gas phase inlet of the pipe washing tower 31 is communicated with the gas phase outlet of the first-stage washing tower 21, the liquid phase outlet of the pipe washing tower 31 is communicated with the inlet of the pipe washing circulation tank 32, and the pipe washing circulation tank 32 is connected with the third spraying mechanism 311 through the pipe washing pump 33;
the secondary washing device 4 comprises a secondary washing tower 41, a secondary circulation tank 42, a secondary washing pump 43 and a transfer pump 44, wherein the secondary washing tower 41 comprises a gas phase outlet (not numbered in the figure) positioned at the upper part, a liquid phase outlet (not numbered in the figure) positioned at the lower part and a fourth spraying mechanism 411 positioned inside, the inlet of the secondary washing tower 41 is communicated with the pipe washing circulation tank 32 through the transfer pump 44, the liquid phase outlet of the secondary washing tower 41 is communicated with the inlet of the secondary circulation tank 42, and the secondary circulation tank 42 is connected with the fourth spraying mechanism 411 through the secondary washing pump 43;
the three-stage washing device 5 comprises a three-stage washing tower 51, a three-stage washing pump 52 and a phosphoric acid filter 53, wherein the three-stage washing tower 51 comprises a gas phase discharge port (not numbered in the figure) positioned above, a liquid phase outlet (not numbered in the figure) positioned below, a reclaimed water supplement port 512 positioned above, a small circulation tank (not shown) positioned inside and a fifth spraying mechanism 511, the three-stage washing tower 51 is positioned above the second-stage washing tower 41, the liquid phase outlet of the three-stage washing tower is communicated with the upper part of the second-stage washing tower, the fifth spraying mechanism 511 is connected with the second-stage circulation tank 42 through the three-stage washing pump 52, and the phosphoric acid filter 53 is connected with the second-stage circulation tank 42 through the three-stage washing pump 52.
The embodiment of the invention provides a gas phase flow and a medium water flow of a fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid, which are as follows:
gas phase flow: the tail gas containing fluorine, Venturi 11, a first-stage washing tower 21, a pipe washing tower 31, a second-stage washing tower 41, a third-stage washing tower 51 and a gas phase outlet (chimney) on the third-stage washing tower are emptied.
A reclaimed water flow: reclaimed water, the third washing tower 51 (circulation), the second washing tower 41 (circulation), and the phosphoric acid filter 53 are used as the third washing water.
According to the fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid, fluorine-containing waste gas sequentially passes through a Venturi washing device, a primary washing device, a pipe washing device, a secondary washing device and a tertiary washing device for multi-stage washing, each stage of washing device is provided with a circulating pool, circulating liquid in the Venturi circulating pool and a circulating pool of a washing tower is continuously pumped out to enter a first plate frame filter and a second plate frame filter, silica gel precipitation in the fluorine absorption system is removed, and the blocking frequency is reduced;
the reclaimed water is supplemented from the third-stage washing tower, part of the circulating washing liquid enters a small circulating groove in the third-stage washing tower, circulating spraying washing is carried out through a three-tower washing pump arranged in the small circulating groove, and the other part of the washing liquid directly flows into the second-stage washing tower. The washing liquid circulating in the second-stage washing tower is also circularly sprayed and washed by a second-stage washing pump, and finally the washing liquid is subjected to third washing by a filter; the water supply in the original whole phosphoric acid system is water for each water supply, the thought is changed at present, after the water supply equipment and the process are thoroughly studied, all water is firstly supplied with fluorine for absorption, and after one pass, the water is supplied to a filter for three times of washing, and the like. The phase change increases the water supplement amount of fluorine absorption, but the total water supplement amount of a phosphoric acid system is not increased, the water balance is not influenced, and the fluorine content after washing is not high (0.005-0.05%) due to large water amount, and the influence on water using equipment is also small. The tail gas temperature and the concentration of the circulating liquid are also reduced, and the absorption efficiency of the fluosilicic acid is improved because the absorption efficiency of the fluosilicic acid is influenced by the concentration, the temperature, the circulating amount (spraying density), the vapor-liquid contact time and the like of a fluosilicic acid washing liquid.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the venturi scrubber 1 further comprises a finished fluorine water tank 15, and the venturi circulation tank 12 is communicated with the finished fluorine water tank 15; the primary washing device 2 further comprises a water replenishing tank 25, and the water replenishing tank 25 is communicated with the one-tower circulating tank 22.
A tap water flow: (for improving the quality of the fluorine water, the tap water can also be used, the deep well water or the reclaimed water) make-up water tank 25-a tower circulating tank 22-a second plate and frame filter 24-a first-stage washing tower 21 (circulation) -a Venturi circulating tank 12-a first plate and frame filter 14-a Venturi 11 (circulation) -a finished product fluorine water tank 15-a takeaway
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the pipe washing apparatus 3 further comprises a wastewater tank 34, an outlet of the wastewater tank 34 is communicated with an inlet of the pipe washing tower 33, and an inlet of the wastewater tank 34 is communicated with an outlet of the pipe washing circulation tank 32. The third spray mechanism 311 comprises a third spray pipe and a third vortex nozzle, the third spray pipe is multi-layer and multi-layer, the third spray pipe is provided with uniformly distributed third vortex nozzle which is located on the uppermost layer, and the third vortex nozzle is communicated with the outlet of the sewage tank 34. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the third vortex shower nozzle is four layers of vortex shower nozzles, and lower three-layer shower nozzle supplies washing hydrologic cycle with a pump, and the last layer shower nozzle is supplied water by external effluent water sump pump, manages to wash lower side pipe washing circulation groove 32 and is constantly supplied water and constantly overflow by effluent water sump 34 and returns the effluent water sump through the trench. The sewage tank 34 mainly receives sewage and wastewater from other production lines in a company, and the sewage and wastewater are sent to a phosphoric acid production system for water flushing and the like, and the water is introduced into a washing system and is quickly discharged, so that the temperature of tail gas is mainly reduced, and the concentration of circulating liquid is reduced. The absorption efficiency of the fluosilicic acid is influenced by the concentration, the temperature, the circulation amount (spraying density), the vapor-liquid contact time and the like of the fluosilicic acid washing liquid, so that the absorption efficiency of the fluosilicic acid is further improved.
Preferably, the first spraying mechanism 111 includes a first spray pipe and a first spiral spray head, the first spray pipe is communicated with the first spiral spray head, and the spraying direction of the first spiral spray head is vertically downward. The second spraying mechanism comprises a second spraying pipe and a second vortex nozzle which are communicated. The fourth spraying mechanism comprises a fourth spraying pipe and a fourth vortex nozzle which are communicated with each other. And the fifth spraying mechanism comprises a fifth spray pipe and a fifth vortex spray head which are communicated.
The first spray mechanism 111 of the venturi uses a spiral spray head, and the second spray mechanism, the third spray mechanism, the fourth spray mechanism and the fifth spray mechanism of the rest towers are all vortex spray heads; spiral nozzle produces 3 ~ 5 vaporific locking lines of water, and what vortex nozzle produced is that the solid coniform water droplet of one deck seals the locking line, and the reason of changing the shower nozzle is the production that reduces water smoke, and the degree of difficulty of getting rid of water smoke is greater than the degree of difficulty of getting rid of the water droplet far away in the system, and the advantage of water smoke lies in better easier and gas contact, and area of contact is big, and absorption effect is good, but easy taking away by the air current, also unlike the water droplet to the seizure of particulate matter. The reason that the venturi nozzle uses the spiral nozzle is that the venturi nozzle is arranged at the forefront end of an absorption system and needs to absorb fluorine in the tail gas as much as possible, and meanwhile, 4-stage washing and three-stage defoaming are arranged at the back, so that water mist carrying-out is reduced as much as possible.
The third sprays mechanism, the fourth sprays mechanism, the fifth sprays the mechanism and all adopts a vortex shower nozzle, its reason lies in: originally, two layers of three spray heads are usually arranged, the aim of realizing the full coverage without dead angles in the tower is fulfilled by counting the coverage area, but in the actual effect, one 120m spray head is arranged3The pump/h is not enough to carry 6 spray nozzles in one tower, and the washing water is not sprayed, but the short-circuit place of the gas is increased, so that part of the gas is not washed. A spray head is arranged on one tower, and each spray head is provided with a pump so as to ensure the washing effect. Through the calculation of the tower height and the spray nozzle angle, a 120-degree spray nozzle is selected.
Preferably, the pump lift is noticed during use, and the high-lift pump is easy to make water into water mist, so the venturi washing pump 13, the first tower washing pump 23, the pipe washing pump 33, the second tower washing pump 43, the third tower washing pump 52 and the like are matched with pumps with proper lift, temporary pressure detection (inaccurate after blockage due to long-term installation) is installed at the pump outlet, the measurement is carried out periodically, and the pressure is kept at 0.2-0.25 MPa.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid, wherein the concentration of fluosilicic acid in a tertiary tower is reduced to be below 0.05%, and the concentration of fluosilicic acid in a secondary tower is reduced to be below 2%, so that the absorption efficiency is improved. After the water path is adjusted, the effect of reducing the temperature and the concentration of the washing liquid is obvious. On the one hand, the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced from 55-60 ℃ to below 40 ℃. A large amount of water vapor in the original gas is condensed, the phenomenon of water carried by the chimney is eliminated, and the gas amount of the chimney is reduced by nearly 2/3 in appearance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A fluorine absorption system for wet-process phosphoric acid is characterized by comprising a Venturi washing device, a primary washing device, a pipe washing device, a secondary washing device and a tertiary washing device which are sequentially arranged,
the Venturi washing device comprises a Venturi, a Venturi circulation pool, a Venturi washing pump and a first plate and frame filter, the Venturi comprises an inlet positioned at the upper part, an outlet positioned at the lower part and a first spraying mechanism positioned inside, the outlet of the Venturi is communicated with the inlet of the Venturi circulation pool, the Venturi circulation pool is connected with the first spraying mechanism through the Venturi washing pump, and the Venturi circulation pool is connected with the first plate and frame filter;
the first-stage washing device comprises a first-stage washing tower, a tower circulating tank, a tower washing pump and a second plate-and-frame filter, wherein an inlet of the tower circulating tank is communicated with an outlet of the Venturi circulating tank, the first-stage washing tower comprises a gas-phase outlet positioned above, a liquid-phase outlet positioned below and a second spraying mechanism arranged inside, the liquid-phase outlet of the first-stage washing tower is communicated with an inlet of the tower circulating tank, the tower circulating tank is connected with the second spraying mechanism through the tower washing pump, and the tower circulating tank is connected with the second plate-and-frame filter;
the pipe washing device comprises a pipe washing tower, a pipe washing circulation tank and a pipe washing pump, wherein the pipe washing tower comprises a gas phase inlet positioned above, a liquid phase outlet positioned below and a third spraying mechanism arranged inside, the gas phase inlet of the pipe washing tower is communicated with the gas phase outlet of the first-stage washing tower, the liquid phase outlet of the pipe washing tower is communicated with the inlet of the pipe washing circulation tank, and the pipe washing circulation tank is connected with the third spraying mechanism through the pipe washing pump; the pipe washing device also comprises a sewage tank, an outlet of the sewage tank is communicated with an inlet of the pipe washing tower, an inlet of the sewage tank is communicated with an outlet of the pipe washing circulation tank, and the pipe washing circulation tank is continuously supplied with water from the sewage tank and continuously overflows to return to the sewage tank through a trench;
the second-stage washing device comprises a second-stage washing tower, a second-stage circulating tank, a second-stage washing pump and a transfer pump, the second-stage washing tower comprises a gas-phase outlet positioned above, a liquid-phase outlet positioned below, an inlet positioned in the middle and a fourth spraying mechanism positioned inside, the inlet of the second-stage washing tower is communicated with the pipe washing circulating tank through the transfer pump, the liquid-phase outlet of the second-stage washing tower is communicated with the inlet of the second-stage circulating tank, and the second-stage circulating tank is connected with the fourth spraying mechanism through the second-stage washing pump;
the three-stage washing device comprises a three-stage washing tower, a three-stage washing pump and a phosphoric acid filter, wherein the three-stage washing tower comprises a gas phase discharge port positioned above, a liquid phase outlet positioned below, a reclaimed water replenishing port positioned above, a small circulating tank positioned inside, and a fifth spraying mechanism, the three-stage washing tower is positioned above the second-stage washing tower, the liquid phase outlet of the three-stage washing tower is communicated with the upper part of the second-stage washing tower, the fifth spraying mechanism is connected with the second-stage circulating tank through the three-stage washing pump, and the phosphoric acid filter is connected with the second-stage circulating tank through the three-stage washing pump.
2. The fluorine absorption system for wet process phosphoric acid according to claim 1, wherein the venturi scrubber further comprises a product fluorine tank, the venturi circulation tank being in communication with the product fluorine tank; the first-stage washing device further comprises a water supplementing tank, and the water supplementing tank is communicated with the tower circulation tank.
3. The fluorine absorption system for wet process phosphoric acid according to claim 2, wherein the third spraying mechanism comprises a third spraying pipe and a third vortex nozzle, the third spraying pipe is provided with a plurality of layers, the third spraying pipe is provided with the third vortex nozzle which is uniformly distributed, and the third vortex nozzle at the uppermost layer is communicated with the outlet of the sewage tank.
4. The fluorine absorption system for wet process phosphoric acid according to claim 1, wherein the first spraying mechanism comprises a first spray pipe and a first spiral spray head, the first spray pipe is communicated with the first spiral spray head, and the spraying direction of the first spiral spray head is vertically downward.
5. The fluorine absorption system for wet process phosphoric acid according to claim 1, wherein the second spraying mechanism comprises a second spray pipe and a second vortex nozzle which are communicated with each other.
6. The fluorine absorption system for wet process phosphoric acid according to claim 1, wherein the fourth spraying mechanism comprises a fourth spray pipe and a fourth vortex nozzle which are communicated with each other.
7. The fluorine absorption system for wet process phosphoric acid according to claim 1, wherein the fifth spraying mechanism comprises a fifth spray pipe and a fifth vortex nozzle which are communicated with each other.
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| CN110482557A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 瓮福达州化工有限责任公司 | A kind of fluorine recovery system in phosphoric acid production technique |
| CN112138500B (en) * | 2020-09-19 | 2021-10-08 | 昆明理工大学 | Vehicle-mounted sulfur, nitrate, dust and fluorine integrated deep purification device and use method |
| CN114984728B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2024-03-15 | 云南磷化集团有限公司 | Wet phosphoric acid extraction tank tail gas treatment system and method thereof |
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