CN109639610A - A kind of sampling frequency offset optimization method and corresponding transmitter towards millimetre-wave attenuator - Google Patents
A kind of sampling frequency offset optimization method and corresponding transmitter towards millimetre-wave attenuator Download PDFInfo
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- CN109639610A CN109639610A CN201811547932.2A CN201811547932A CN109639610A CN 109639610 A CN109639610 A CN 109639610A CN 201811547932 A CN201811547932 A CN 201811547932A CN 109639610 A CN109639610 A CN 109639610A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2602—Signal structure
- H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2657—Carrier synchronisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0024—Carrier regulation at the receiver end
- H04L2027/0026—Correction of carrier offset
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sampling frequency offset optimization method and corresponding transmitters.This method comprises the following steps: distributing different transmission powers on different pilot sub-carriers, a random sequence and according to the amplitude of each element in the power setting sequence of distribution is then generated, in this, as the synchronization signal of sampling frequency offset.The present invention improves receiving end by optimal synchronization signal designs to the estimated accuracy of sampling frequency offset under the premise of keeping pilot-frequency expense constant.Emulation experiment shows that within the scope of the sampling frequency offset that millimeter-wave communication system is likely to be encountered, the performance of synchronization signal provided by the present invention is superior to conventional synchronization signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pass through optimal synchronous letter in a kind of sampling frequency offset optimization method more particularly to a kind of millimetre-wave attenuator
Number design improve sampling frequency offset estimated accuracy method, also relate to a kind of millimeter wave using the sampling frequency offset optimization method
Communication system transmitter belongs to wireless communication technology field.
Background technique
It is the other band communication of grade, i.e. 30-300GHz frequency range that millimetre-wave attenuator, which mainly utilizes wavelength,.Correlative study obtains
Conclusion out, millimeter-wave communication system can achieve 25 times of existing LTE system message capacity.This is that existing other technologies are difficult to reach
It arrives.Therefore, millimetre-wave attenuator technology causes more and more manufacturers note that present one had become in 5G communication system
A popular research direction.
Compared with legacy communications system, the working frequency range of millimeter-wave communication system is higher, and the characteristic of channel is below with 3GHz
Traditional frequency range is entirely different, such as larger with path loss, sensitive to occlusion effect, and channel has stronger sparsity, no
The characteristics such as change greatly with environment lower channel fading characteristic.In addition, the system bandwidth of millimeter-wave communication system greatly increases.Such as
The primary bandwidth of legacy communications system such as LTE system is only 20MHz, and the system bandwidth of millimeter-wave communication system is in related technology
5GHz is thought of as up to 1GHz or even someone in document.Caused by effectively solving the problems, such as these new features, need again
A set of physical layer signal treatment mechanism specifically for millimeter-wave communication system is designed, to realize such as synchronization, channel estimation, equal
The functions such as weighing apparatus.
In millimeter-wave communication system, the intensity for receiving signal will traditional frequency range below well below 3GHz.This makes
Existing sampling frequency offset algorithm for estimating can not be used directly in millimeter-wave systems.On the other hand, sampling frequency offset is to communication system
Influence become larger with the increase of system bandwidth, so to millimeter-wave communication system influence be greater than to legacy communications system
It influences.Therefore, it is necessary to design new sampling frequency offset algorithm for estimating, specifically for millimeter-wave communication system to reduce sampling frequency offset
Influence to system performance.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, primary technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide one kind towards millimeter wave
The sampling frequency offset optimization method of communication.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of millimeter using the sampling frequency offset optimization method
Communi-cation system transmitter.
To realize that above-mentioned goal of the invention, the present invention use following technical solutions:
According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a kind of sampling frequency offset optimization method is provided, is included the following steps:
Different transmission powers is distributed on different pilot sub-carriers；Wherein,
Enable P (ik) indicate pilot sub-carrier ikOn transmission power, generate a length be K random sequence s (1), s
(2),...,s(K)；Wherein the amplitude of each element s (k) is 1, and phase is one equally distributed random between [0,2 π]
Number, K is positive integer；
The synchronization signal generated based on the random sequence are as follows:
Wherein more preferably, when sub-carrier indices are 1,2 ... when N, pilot sub-carrier ikOn power proportions coefficient are as follows:
Wherein more preferably, when sub-carrier indices are 0,1 ... when N-1, pilot sub-carrier ikOn power proportions coefficient are as follows:
Wherein more preferably, when sub-carrier indices are-N/2 ..., when 0 ... N/2-1, pilot sub-carrier ikOn power proportions
Coefficient are as follows:
Wherein, N is total number of subcarriers, I={ i1,i2,…,iKIndicate the index of all pilot sub-carrier, K table
Show the quantity of pilot sub-carrier.
Wherein more preferably, the actual emission power P (i on each pilot sub-carrier is determined by following formulak):
Wherein more preferably, the method is used in the wireless communication system based on OFDM technology.
Wherein more preferably, the wireless communication system is millimeter-wave communication system.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a kind of millimeter-wave communication system transmitter is provided, including modulation module,
Synchronization signal module, IFFT module, D/A converter module and up-converter module, wherein the synchronization signal module is using above-mentioned
Sampling frequency offset optimization method distributes different transmission powers on different pilot sub-carriers, then generates a random sequence
And according to the amplitude of each element in the power setting sequence of distribution, in this, as the synchronization signal of sampling frequency offset.
Compared with prior art, sampling frequency offset optimization method provided by the present invention is keeping original pilot-frequency expense not
Under the premise of change, by the power of synchronization signal on each pilot sub-carrier of optimum allocation come optimized synchronization signal, to improve
Estimated accuracy of the receiving end to sampling frequency offset.Emulation experiment shows the sampling frequency being likely to be encountered in millimeter-wave communication system
In inclined range, the performance of synchronization signal provided by the present invention is superior to conventional synchronization signal.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the relation schematic diagram of analog-to-digital conversion and sampling frequency offset；
Fig. 2 is phase rotation schematic diagram caused by sampling frequency offset；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of synchronization signal in the prior art；
Fig. 4 is optimal synchronization signal figure compared with the mean square error performance of conventional synchronization signal under different signal-to-noise ratio；
Fig. 5 is optimal synchronization signal figure compared with the mean square error performance of conventional synchronization signal under different sampling frequency offsets；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of millimeter-wave communication system transmitter provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Detailed specific description is unfolded to technical solution of the present invention in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology has many advantages, such as spectrum efficiency is high, resource allocation is flexible.Especially exist
In wide-band communication system, OFDM can preferably contrary frequency Selective intensity, thus obtained in practical communication system wide
General application.Millimeter-wave communication system is very suitable to since system bandwidth is larger using OFDM technology.
But OFDM technology major defect be it is more demanding to the synchronization accuracy of sampling frequency offset.It illustrates
It is as follows: in existing OFDM technology, use Digital Signal Processing inside receiver, and actual signal can only be in wireless channel
The form of analog signal is propagated.Therefore, receiver is number firstly the need of analog-digital converter (ADC) is passed through by analog-signal transitions
Signal, as shown in Figure 1.
In analog-digital conversion process, ADC is with certain period equally spaced sampling.This sampling period is generally by crystal oscillator control
System.In practice, due to the unstability of crystal oscillator itself and temperature drift etc., the sampling period of ADC may be with Theoretical Design value
Not fully consistent, material is thus formed sampling frequency offsets.From figure 1 it will be seen that if the actual samples period be less than design value, by
Can be more and more forward in the position of the cumulative effect of sampling frequency offset, sampled point, to cause FFT (Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) window
Drift.If not being subject to correction, it could even be possible to a sampled point can be had more.And it is set if the actual samples period is greater than
Evaluation will minus a sampled point then long-term accumulation continues.In addition, the orthogonality of OFDM technology is in actual samples week
It is obtained in the case that phase and Theoretical Design value are completely the same.In the event of sampling frequency offset, the orthogonality of loop system will be broken,
So as to cause inter-sub-carrier interference (ICI).
In addition, sampling frequency offset can also introduce a phase rotation to signal is received, it is shown below:
Wherein, YmIt (i) is the reception signal on m-th of OFDM symbol, i-th of subcarrier, N is sub-carrier number, Nb=N+Ng,
NgFor the length of cyclic prefix, Δ fSFor sampling frequency offset, H (i) is channel, Xm(i) on m-th of OFDM symbol, i-th of subcarrier
Transmission signal, Wm(i) then indicate that ICI and noise, N, m are positive integer.In conjunction with Fig. 2 as can be seen that sampling frequency offset causes
Phase rotation not only linear increase, but also the linear increase with the growth of sub-carrier frequencies over time.This is just
Means that: for millimeter-wave communication system since system bandwidth is larger, the influence of sampling frequency offset is especially serious.
In order to reduce the decline of sampling frequency offset bring performance in wireless communication systems as far as possible, need to estimate using sampling frequency offset
Algorithm is estimated and is compensated to sampling frequency offset.But in existing millimeter-wave communication system, since path loss is larger, receive
The following frequency range of intensity ratio 3GHz low about 20 of signal arrives 25dB, this energy far beyond existing sampling frequency offset algorithm for estimating
Power.It can be compared with the sampling frequency offset algorithm for estimating to work under low signal-to-noise ratio therefore, it is necessary to redesign.In order to improve sampling frequency offset
Estimation performance, need to consider the optimization design scheme of transmitting terminal synchronization signal.
For the prior art when estimating sampling frequency offset, the synchronization signal of transmitting terminal continues to use always identical pilot configuration.Such as Fig. 3
It is shown: in two adjacent OFDM symbols, to select some subcarriers as pilot sub-carrier (the subcarrier i in such as Fig. 3n,
im), the identical pilot signal (pilot tone in different sub-carrier is then sent in the identical sub-carrier positions of two OFDM symbols
Signal can be identical or not identical), the amplitude of all pilot signals is consistent, and is(i.e. signal s in Fig. 3n,
smIt is PSK modulation.) it is worth noting that, sampling frequency offset is since it is strong non-linear, algorithm for estimating usually requires at least 2
A symbol period could be completed, it is also required that channel does not change during the two OFDM symbols.Used here as two
Adjacent OFDM symbol be since carrier frequency is higher in millimeter-wave communication system, it is caused how general under identical movement speed
3GHz or less frequency range will be significantly larger than by strangling frequency displacement, i.e., the speed of channel variation will be significantly larger than 3GHz or less frequency in millimetre-wave attenuator
Section.Theory shows that such synchronization signal is not theoretically optimal synchronization signal designs with experimental result.
By furtheing investigate the technical characterstic of millimeter-wave communication system, sampling frequency offset optimization method provided by the present invention exists
Under the premise of keeping original pilot-frequency expense constant, by the power of synchronization signal on each pilot sub-carrier of optimum allocation come excellent
Change synchronization signal, to improve receiving end to the estimated accuracy of sampling frequency offset.This expansion is illustrated below.
Firstly, can be visually seen from Fig. 2: the index of the phase rotation as caused by sampling frequency offset and subcarrier is at just
Than that is,
Wherein,Indicate the phase rotation on subcarrier i, Δ fSIndicate sampling frequency offset, α is a value is for constant
Number.The estimation of sampling frequency offset is mainly by phase rotationEstimation obtain sampling frequency offset Δ fS, i.e.,
It should be noted that the technical idea that above-mentioned formula (2) is intended to be merely illustrative of the present and by relevant sampling
Frequency excursion algorithm greatly simplify after a formula, be not original algorithm for estimating.Related sampling frequency offset optimal estimation is calculated
The detailed mathematical derivation of method can be refering to paper " the Joint maximum likelihood of Y.-H.Kim and J.-H.Lee
Estimation of carrier and sampling frequency offsets for OFDM systems " it (is published in
IEEE Trans.Broadcast., vol.57, pp.277-283, June 2011.), the paper " Alow- of X.Wang and B.Hu
complexity ML estimator for carrier and sampling frequency offsets in OFDM
Systems " (being published in IEEE Communications Letters, vol.18, pp.503-506, Mar.2014.) and
Paper " the Low complexity estimation of carrier and sampling of Y.Murin and R.Dabora
Frequency offsets in burst-modeOFDM systems " (it is published in Wirel.Commun.Mob.Comput,
Vol.16, no9, pp.1018-1034, Jun.2016) etc..
Since the noise power in different sub-carrier is equal, so on each subcarrierEstimation performance be the same
, i.e.,It is the same.But the index i of different sub-carrier is different.If being folded to sampling frequency offset, different sons
The Δ f for being included on carrier waveSThe accuracy of information be different.(S.M.Kay is please referred to according to statistic line loss rate is theoretical
Monograph " Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing:Estimation Theory ",
Prentice Hall, 1993.ISBN:978-0133457117), it should it is distributed on indexing biggish pilot sub-carrier more
Power, and distribute less power on indexing lesser pilot sub-carrier.
Thinking based on above-mentioned analysis, sampling frequency offset optimization method provided by the present invention includes following implementation steps:
Step 1) calculates the power proportions coefficient on each pilot sub-carrier.
In the prior art, a variety of different sub-carrier indices methods can be used, classification is discussed below.Enable N table
Show the total sub-carrier number of system, I={ i1,i2,…,iKIndicate that the index of all pilot sub-carrier, K indicate pilot sub-carrier
Quantity.
(1) if the sub-carrier indices of ofdm system are 1,2 ... N, then pilot sub-carrier ikOn power proportions coefficient
For
(2) if the sub-carrier indices of ofdm system are 0,1 ... N-1, then pilot sub-carrier ikOn power proportions system
Number is
(3) if the sub-carrier indices of ofdm system are-N/2 ..., 0 ... N/2-1, then pilot sub-carrier ikOn function
Rate proportionality coefficient is
Step 2) determines the actual emission power P (i on each pilot sub-carrierk)。
Step 3) generates random sequence s (1), the s (2) that a length is K ..., s (K).Wherein, each element s (k)
Amplitude is 1, and phase is an equally distributed random number between [0,2 π].Final synchronization signal are as follows:
So far, synchronization signal designs provided by the present invention finish.
It can see from above-mentioned implementation steps, the pilot signal of pilot signal used in the present invention and conventional synchronization signal
Position it is identical, so not increasing additional pilot-frequency expense.Moreover, in the present invention all pilot signals total transmitting function
Rate are as follows:
This is also the same with the general power of conventional synchronization signal.
It is worth noting that, (please referring to paper " the A low-complexity of X.Wang and B.Hu in ML algorithm for estimating
ML estimator for carrier and sampling frequency offsets in OFDM systems ", it publishes
In IEEE Communications Letters, vol.18, pp.503-506, Mar.2014.) in, it is thus only necessary to each pilot tone
Reception signal on the index value of subcarrier and corresponding pilot sub-carrier, does not need the value for knowing pilot signal.Therefore right
For receiving end, require no knowledge about which kind of synchronization signal transmitting terminal specifically uses.In other words, no matter transmitting terminal is using tradition
Synchronization signal or optimal synchronization signal provided by the present invention, the operation of receiving end are the same.
In order to verify the performance of optimal synchronization signal provided by the present invention, inventor has carried out Monte Carlo simulation reality
It tests.It is arranged specifically, inventor uses a set of common simulation environment for sampling frequency offset, the example of main simulation parameter
As shown in table 1.Receiver then uses optimal ML algorithm for estimating, please refers to paper " the A low- of X.Wang and B.Hu
complexity ML estimator for carrier and sampling frequency offsets in OFDM
Systems " (being published in IEEE Communications Letters, vol.18, pp.503-506, Mar.2014.), Y.-
Paper " the Joint maximum likelihood estimation of carrier and of H.Kim and J.-H.Lee
Sampling frequency offsets for OFDM systems " (it is published in IEEE Trans.Broadcast.,
vol.57,pp.277–283,June2011.)。
The main simulation parameter example of table 1
| N | 64 |
| Nb | 80 |
| K | 62 |
| ΔfS | 112ppm |
| channel power delay profile | exponential |
| channel fading | Rayleigh |
It is square under different signal-to-noise ratio from conventional synchronization signal that Fig. 4 compares optimal synchronization signal provided by the present invention
Error performance.Since ML algorithm for estimating is theoretic optimal estimation, so the estimation performance that emulation obtains directly represents phase
Answer the performance of synchronization signal.From fig. 4, it can be seen that optimal synchronization signal provided by the present invention can effectively improve sampling frequency offset
Estimation performance reach 1.3dB.
It is equal under different sampling frequency offsets from conventional synchronization signal that Fig. 5 compares optimal synchronization signal provided by the present invention
Square error performance.From fig. 5, it can be seen that within the scope of the sampling frequency offset that millimeter-wave communication system is likely to be encountered, the present invention
The performance of provided optimal synchronization signal is better than conventional synchronization signal.
It should be noted that optimal synchronization signal provided by the present invention does not modify the position of original pilot signal.
So technical solution of the present invention can be not only used for millimeter-wave communication system, all uses can also be further expanded to
In the wireless communication system of OFDM technology, such as 4G/5G communication system.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of millimeter-wave communication system transmitters.As shown in fig. 6, the transmitter includes adjusting
Molding block, synchronization signal module, IFFT module, D/A converter module and up-converter module, wherein data to be launched first into
Enter modulation module to be modulated, synchronization signal provided by data and synchronization signal module through ovennodulation enters IFFT mould together
Block.It in IFFT module, executes an inverse fast fourier and adds CP (cyclic prefix), be then fed into D/A converter module and turn
Change analog signal into.The analog signal is sent into up-converter module, is externally launched by antenna.Transmitter shown in Fig. 6
In, synchronization signal module uses the sampling frequency offset synchronization signal by optimization, distributes on different pilot sub-carriers different
Then transmission power is generated a random sequence and according to the amplitude of each element in the power setting sequence of distribution, is made with this
For the synchronization signal of sampling frequency offset.Use the synchronization signal module of the sampling frequency offset synchronization signal of optimization can be (dedicated with ASIC
Integrated circuit) form of chip is present in millimeter-wave communication system transmitter.
Above the sampling frequency offset optimization method to provided by the present invention towards millimetre-wave attenuator and corresponding transmitter into
Detailed description is gone.For those of ordinary skill in the art, to it under the premise of without departing substantially from true spirit
Any obvious change done, the infringement for all weighing composition to the invention patent, will undertake corresponding legal liabilities.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of sampling frequency offset optimization method, it is characterised in that distribute different transmission powers on different pilot sub-carriers；
Wherein,
Enable P (ik) indicate pilot sub-carrier ikOn transmission power, generate a length be K random sequence s (1), s
(2),...,s(K)；Wherein the amplitude of each element s (k) is 1, and phase is one equally distributed random between [0,2 π]
Number, K is positive integer；
The synchronization signal generated based on the random sequence are as follows:
2. sampling frequency offset optimization method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that when N, led when sub-carrier indices are 1,2 ...
Frequency subcarrier ikOn power proportions coefficient are as follows:
Wherein, N is total number of subcarriers, I={ i1,i2,…,iKIndicating the index of all pilot sub-carrier, K expression is led
The quantity of frequency subcarrier.
3. sampling frequency offset optimization method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that when sub-carrier indices are 0,1 ... when N-1,
Pilot sub-carrier ikOn power proportions coefficient are as follows:
Wherein, N is total number of subcarriers, I={ i1,i2,…,iKIndicating the index of all pilot sub-carrier, K expression is led
The quantity of frequency subcarrier.
4. sampling frequency offset optimization method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that when sub-carrier indices be-N/2 ..., 0 ...
When N/2-1, pilot sub-carrier ikOn power proportions coefficient are as follows:
Wherein, N is total number of subcarriers, I={ i1,i2,…,iKIndicating the index of all pilot sub-carrier, K expression is led
The quantity of frequency subcarrier.
5. the sampling frequency offset optimization method as described in any one of claim 2~4, it is characterised in that true by following formula
Actual emission power P (i on fixed each pilot sub-carrierk):
6. sampling frequency offset optimization method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the method is used in based on OFDM technology
In wireless communication system.
7. sampling frequency offset optimization method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the wireless communication system is logical for millimeter wave
Letter system.
8. a kind of millimeter-wave communication system transmitter, including modulation module, synchronization signal module, IFFT module, digital-to-analogue conversion mould
Block and up-converter module, it is characterised in that the synchronization signal module uses sampling frequency offset optimization method described in claim 1,
Different transmission powers is distributed on different pilot sub-carriers, then generates a random sequence and is set according to the power of distribution
The amplitude of each element in sequencing column, in this, as the synchronization signal of sampling frequency offset.
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