CN109636836A - A kind of vision extensometer dynamic measurement method carrying out virtual punctuate - Google Patents
A kind of vision extensometer dynamic measurement method carrying out virtual punctuate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109636836A CN109636836A CN201811497677.5A CN201811497677A CN109636836A CN 109636836 A CN109636836 A CN 109636836A CN 201811497677 A CN201811497677 A CN 201811497677A CN 109636836 A CN109636836 A CN 109636836A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/30—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/20—Analysing
- G06F18/22—Matching criteria, e.g. proximity measures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
- G06T7/73—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vision extensometer dynamic measurement methods for carrying out virtual punctuate, comprising: experimental material is fixed on chest expander both ends；Image Acquisition is carried out to the experimental material using industrial camera；The image after acquisition is demarcated using scaling board；Virtual punctuate is configured to the image after conversion coordinate, a point is respectively arranged in the both ends in described image, pulls into a line segment, and setting needs the number N of punctuate on line segment, generate it is N number of two-by-two between equidistant region；To the regional training of above-mentioned generation at image template；Start chest expander, so that experimental material stress deformation, and more new images are constantly acquired, until material is broken；It is matched using the image that the image template of creation updates acquisition, records their position；After the completion of each figure matching, the displacement between calculating each region two-by-two, and using total displacement amount as Y-direction coordinate, the pulling force data of chest expander is exported as X-direction, real-time rendering stress strain curve.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machine vision metrology fields more particularly to a kind of vision extensometer dynamic for carrying out virtual punctuate to survey
Amount method.
Background technique
Traditional dotting machine existing more problems when carrying out mark point, such as get ready and take time and effort, while dotting machine
It is easily-consumed products, the error for getting artificial splicing fracture after having broken ready is very big, and different worker operations is different；The diameter of one point
About 1 millimeter, with measurement error when slide calliper rule ranging along with human eye, final range error readily exceeds 1 millimeter, due to error mistake
Greatly, lead to not measure accurate data, greatly increase the failure rate of experiment, therefore, pole a kind of need to can disappear currently on the market
Except error, the method for obtaining accurate measurement data.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of vision extensometer dynamic measurement methods for carrying out virtual punctuate, to solve traditional dotting machine
In the technical problem that measurement error is larger, to eliminate error, accurate measurement data is obtained, and then realize the failure for reducing experiment
Rate.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, it is dynamic that the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of vision extensometers for carrying out virtual punctuate
State measurement method, including
Experimental material is fixed on chest expander both ends；
LED light source is opened, Image Acquisition is carried out to the experimental material using industrial camera；
The image after acquisition is demarcated using scaling board, and the coordinate of image is converted into world coordinates；
Virtual punctuate is configured to the image after conversion coordinate, a point is respectively arranged in the both ends in described image, draws
Into a line section, setting needs the number N of punctuate on line segment, N number of two-by-two according to punctuate number N generation between the two endpoints
Between equidistant region；
To the regional training of above-mentioned generation at image template；
Start chest expander, so that experimental material stress deformation, and more new images are constantly acquired, until material is broken；
It is matched using the image that the image template of creation updates acquisition, all Region Matchings for generating displacement is gone out
Come, and records their position；
After the completion of the matching of each figure, the displacement between calculating each region two-by-two, and real-time mark go out to contain criterion away from
Part, and using total displacement amount as Y-direction coordinate, the pulling force data of chest expander is exported as X-direction, and real-time rendering stretches bent
Line.
Preferably, the opening LED light source carries out Image Acquisition to the experimental material using industrial camera,
Further include: focal length and the time for exposure for adjusting LED light source brightness and camera, so that collecting the image of better quality.
Preferably, the LED light source is red LED light source.
Preferably, the regional training to above-mentioned generation is at image template, further includes: establishes a data
Library, the parameter of all pixels in the database inclusion region.
Preferably, the pixel-parameters include the number of pixel, the gray value of each pixel, institute in the region
There are the average value and variance of gray value.
Preferably, the image that the image template using creation updates acquisition matches, by all productions
The Region Matching of raw displacement comes out, and records their position, comprising:
One picture of every update, each template will the upper left corner of picture from left to right, run-down from top to bottom, meter
Calculate the NCC value of pixel and template pixel in the rear hatch of every one pixel of movement；
The maximum region of NCC value in entire matching process is recorded into the position data in the region as the region being matched to.
Preferably, the calculating of the NCC value, comprising:
Wherein T indicates that template image, F indicate testing image, and what t (u, v) was represented is u row, the in template image T
The gray value of the pixel of v column；Similarly, what f (r+u, c+v) was represented is the gray scale of the r+u row of testing image, c+v column pixel
Value；mtIndicate template average gray value；What is represented is the variance of template gray value；mf(r, c) indicates the average ash of testing image
Angle value；What is represented is testing image gray value variance；The value range of NCC be [- 1,1], 1 represent it is completely the same, -1
It represents completely on the contrary, its value can use its absolute value.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
By virtual punctuate, realization is precisely got ready, solves traditional dotting machine technical problem larger in measurement error, thus
Error is eliminated, obtains accurate measurement data, and then realize the failure rate for reducing experiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: for the method flow schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2: for the virtual punctuate schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is please referred to, the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of vision extensometer dynamic measurement for carrying out virtual punctuate
Method, including
Experimental material is fixed on chest expander both ends；
LED light source is opened, Image Acquisition is carried out to the experimental material using industrial camera；
The image after acquisition is demarcated using scaling board, and the coordinate of image is converted into world coordinates；
Virtual punctuate is configured to the image after conversion coordinate, a point is respectively arranged in the both ends in described image, draws
Into a line section, setting needs the number N of punctuate on line segment, N number of two-by-two according to punctuate number N generation between the two endpoints
Between equidistant region；
To the regional training of above-mentioned generation at image template；
Start chest expander, so that experimental material stress deformation, and more new images are constantly acquired, until material is broken；
It is matched using the image that the image template of creation updates acquisition, all Region Matchings for generating displacement is gone out
Come, and records their position；
After the completion of the matching of each figure, the displacement between calculating each region two-by-two, and real-time mark go out to contain criterion away from
Part, and using total displacement amount as Y-direction coordinate, the pulling force data of chest expander is exported as X-direction, and real-time rendering stretches bent
Line.
In the present embodiment, the opening LED light source carries out Image Acquisition to the experimental material using industrial camera,
Further include: focal length and the time for exposure for adjusting LED light source brightness and camera, so that collecting the image of better quality.
In the present embodiment, the LED light source is red LED light source.
In the present embodiment, the regional training to above-mentioned generation is at image template, further includes: establishes a data
Library, the parameter of all pixels in the database inclusion region.
In the present embodiment, the pixel-parameters include the number of pixel, the gray value of each pixel, institute in the region
There are the average value and variance of gray value.
In the present embodiment, the image that the image template using creation updates acquisition matches, by all productions
The Region Matching of raw displacement comes out, and records their position, comprising:
One picture of every update, each template will the upper left corner of picture from left to right, run-down from top to bottom, meter
Calculate the NCC value of pixel and template pixel in the rear hatch of every one pixel of movement；
The maximum region of NCC value in entire matching process is recorded into the position data in the region as the region being matched to.
In the present embodiment, the calculating of the NCC value, comprising:
Wherein T indicates that template image, F indicate testing image, and what t (u, v) was represented is u row, the in template image T
The gray value of the pixel of v column；Similarly, what f (r+u, c+v) was represented is the gray scale of the r+u row of testing image, c+v column pixel
Value；mtIndicate template average gray value；What is represented is the variance of template gray value；mf(r, c) indicates the average ash of testing image
Angle value；What is represented is testing image gray value variance；The value range of NCC be [- 1,1], 1 represent it is completely the same, -1
It represents completely on the contrary, its value can use its absolute value.
Combined with specific embodiments below, the present invention is described in detail.
Step 1: material is fixed experimentally, by taking screw-thread steel as an example, as shown in Figure 2
Step 2: the hardware components of image capturing system are mainly made of red LED light source and Basler industrial camera,
Software section is collector matched with Basler industrial camera；
Step 3: adjusting the brightness of LED light source, the focal length of camera and time for exposure, image capturing system is adopted
Collect the higher picture of quality；
Step 4: the image after step 3 acquisition is demarcated with scaling board.It distorts since camera lens itself exist, so
Shoot and carry out photo and can more or less generate distortion, this distortion can seriously affect the precision of extensometer, and it is calibrated after can
Eliminate distortion while the corresponding actual range of picture single pixel that can convert.
Step 5: automatic virtual punctuate is carried out, one point of screw-thread steel both ends each point in the picture pulls into straight line, if
Set the number N (or distance between two points) for needing punctuate, system then can between the two endpoints automatically at it is N number of two-by-two between distance phase
Deng region:
Step 6: to the regional training by automatically generating in step 5 at template, training process is to establish a data
Library, the number of all pixels in the database inclusion region, the gray value of each pixel, all gray values is flat in the region
Mean value and variance, these data are all used for the former region that matching after experiment starts generates displacement.
Step 7: chest expander starting, stretching experiment start, and experimental material stress starts gradually to deform, and picture is constantly updated；
Step 8: the picture for going matching step 7 to constantly update using the template created through step 6, by all generation displacements
Region Matching comes out, and records their position, specifically:
8-1: when one picture of every update in step 6, each template will the upper left corner of picture from left to right, on to
Lower ground mat run-down calculates the NCC value of pixel and template pixel in the rear hatch of every one pixel of movement；
8-2:NCC value calculation:
Wherein T indicates that template image, F indicate testing image, and what t (u, v) was represented is u row, the in template image T
The gray value of the pixel of v column；Similarly, what f (r+u, c+v) was represented is the gray scale of the r+u row of testing image, c+v column pixel
Value；mtIndicate template average gray value；What is represented is the variance of template gray value；mf(r, c) indicates the average ash of testing image
Angle value；What is represented is testing image gray value variance；The value range of NCC be [- 1,1], 1 represent it is completely the same, -1
It represents completely on the contrary, its value can use its absolute value.
8-3: the maximum region of NCC value is the region being matched in entire matching process, records the positional number in the region
According to；
Step 9: after the completion of each figure matching, the displacement between calculating each region two-by-two, and real-time mark goes out to contain
Criterion away from part.Using total displacement amount as Y-direction coordinate, the pulling force data of chest expander is exported as X-direction, and real-time rendering is drawn
Stretch curve；
Step 10: repeating step 8 and step 9, until material is broken, figure is adopted in image capturing system stopping.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, the protection being not intended to limit the present invention
Range.It particularly points out, to those skilled in the art, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, that is done any repairs
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of vision extensometer dynamic measurement method for carrying out virtual punctuate characterized by comprising
Experimental material is fixed on chest expander both ends；
LED light source is opened, Image Acquisition is carried out to the experimental material using industrial camera；
The image after acquisition is demarcated using scaling board, and the coordinate of image is converted into world coordinates；
Virtual punctuate is configured to the image after conversion coordinate, a point is respectively arranged in the both ends in described image, pulls into one
Line segment, setting needs the number N of punctuate on line segment, generates N number of spacing two-by-two according to punctuate number N between the two endpoints
From equal region；
To the regional training of above-mentioned generation at image template；
Start chest expander, so that experimental material stress deformation, and more new images are constantly acquired, until material is broken；
It is matched using the image that the image template of creation updates acquisition, all Region Matchings for generating displacement is come out,
And record their position；
After the completion of the matching of each figure, the displacement between calculating each region two-by-two, and real-time mark go out containing criterion away from portion
Point, and using total displacement amount as Y-direction coordinate, the pulling force data of chest expander is exported as X-direction, real-time rendering stress strain curve.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the opening LED light source, using industrial camera to the experiment
Material carries out Image Acquisition, further includes: focal length and the time for exposure for adjusting LED light source brightness and camera, so that collecting matter
Measure better image.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the LED light source is red LED light source.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the regional training to above-mentioned generation is at image template, also
It include: to establish a database, the parameter of all pixels in the database inclusion region.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the pixel-parameters include the number of pixel, each pixel
Gray value, in the region all gray values average value and variance.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the image that the image template using creation updates acquisition
It is matched, all Region Matchings for generating displacement is come out, and record their position, comprising:
One picture of every update, each template will the upper left corner of picture from left to right, run-down from top to bottom calculates every
The NCC value of pixel and template pixel in the rear hatch of a mobile pixel；
The maximum region of NCC value in entire matching process is recorded into the position data in the region as the region being matched to.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the calculating of the NCC value, comprising:
Wherein T indicates that template image, F indicate testing image, and what t (u, v) was represented is u row, v column in template image T
Pixel gray value；Similarly, what f (r+u, c+v) was represented is the gray value of the r+u row of testing image, c+v column pixel；
mtIndicate template average gray value；What is represented is the variance of template gray value；mf(r, c) indicates testing image average gray
Value；What is represented is testing image gray value variance；The value range of NCC is [- 1,1], and 1 represents completely the same, -1 generation
Table is completely on the contrary, its value can use its absolute value.
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