CN109636226A - A kind of reservoir multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of reservoir multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch method for taking into account power generation, shipping, this method specifically includes that the form of design classification Flood Control Dispatch regular (HFOR)；Decision variable is encoded according to classification Flood Control Dispatch rule；Establish the reservoir object and multi object mathematical model for considering flood control, power generation and shipping；Finally object and multi object mathematical model is solved using the multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm MOEA/D based on decomposition, obtains the optimal solution set for taking into account the reservoir classification Flood Control Dispatch rule of power generation, shipping.The present invention can make full use of middle-size and small-size flood, weighs flood-preventing goal, power generation target and the shipping target of reservoir operation, improves the comprehensive benefit of reservoir operation to the maximum extent under the premise of meeting reservior safety and flood protec- tion, can be widely applied to reservoir actual schedule.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to reservoir operations to run field, more particularly, to a kind of reservoir multiple target for taking into account power generation, shipping
It is classified Flood Control Dispatch method.
Background technique
In reservoir operation, deterministic optimization is used using the letdown flow of period each in schedule periods as optimized variable
Operational research algorithm optimization obtains the optimal decision process of Objective benefits.However deterministic optimization scheduling usually entering each period
Library flow is considered as certainty runoff process, limits its application in actual schedule implementation process.Scheduling rule is to be based on going through
History runoff digital simulation optimizes to obtain, and when use only needs present period scheduling information, and the uncertainty of the following runoff influences it
It is very small, directive significance is had more during Real-Time Scheduling.
The extraction of scheduling rule generallys use implicit stochastic optimal regulation mode: first to known long serial Inflow Sequence money
Material is calculated with deterministic optimization and finds optimal operation mode；It is excellent to certainty using the methods of statistics, recurrence or machine learning
Change result and carry out data mining, obtains corresponding scheduling rule function.However, implicit stochastic optimal regulation mode presence can not obtain
The problem of scheduling rule collection of functions of multiple target, for taking into account the reservoir multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch rule of power generation, shipping
There are limitations for extraction.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of flood controls of reservoir multi-objective Hierarchical to adjust
Thus degree method solves the problems, such as that the presence of implicit stochastic optimal regulation mode can not obtain the scheduling rule collection of functions of multiple target, right
In the extraction of the reservoir multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch rule for taking into account power generation, shipping, there are limitations.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of reservoir multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch methods, comprising:
(1) upstream water level and reservoir inflow are classified, obtain the storage under the corresponding water level section of each grade and each grade
Flow rate zone, and then classification Flood Control Dispatch rule are determined by the reservoir inflow section under the corresponding water level section of each grade and each grade
Then, wherein classification Flood Control Dispatch rule is for indicating to let out under the decision under the water level section and reservoir inflow section of each grade
Flow；
(2) according to the classification Flood Control Dispatch rule, under the water level and the corresponding decision of reservoir inflow under different brackets
To be optimized variable of the vent flow as MOEA/D algorithm, using real coding；
(3) with upstream flood control safety target, downstream flood control safety target, pass through curve maximum and schedule periods generated energy
It is up to target, establishes multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch rule optimization model；
(4) the MOEA/D solution multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch rule optimization model is used to obtain each scheme corresponding most
High water level, maximum letdown flow, schedule periods generated energy and navigation rate, and then determine and meet water level requirement and letdown flow requirement
Target dispatch scheme.
Preferably, step (1) includes:
(1.1) upstream water level and reservoir inflow are classified: Zi∈[Zi l,Zi u], Ij∈[Ij l,Ij u], ZiAnd IjPoint
The reservoir inflow section under the water level section and j-th of grade of i-th of grade is not represented, and l and u respectively represent the upper and lower of section
Limit；
(1.2) by Rij=f (Zi,Ij) determine classification Flood Control Dispatch rule, wherein RijIndicate the water level in i-th of grade
The decision letdown flow under reservoir inflow section under section and j-th of grade, f () indicate this Flood Control Dispatch rule function.
Preferably, step (3) includes:
(3.1) byAndDetermine flood-preventing goal,
In, number of segment when T is schedule periods, RtFor the letdown flow of t period reservoir, ZtFor the water level of t period reservoir；
(3.2) byDetermine power generation target, wherein A is output of power station coefficient, Δ t
For scheduling slot interval, HtAnd qtThe respectively head and generating flow of reservoir t period, NtIndicate the power output of t period；
(3.3) byDetermine navigation target, wherein fn() is the calculating letter of pass through curve
Number, with letdown flow RtIt is related.
Preferably, the multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch rule optimization model meets following constraint condition: operating water level is about
Beam, letdown flow constraint, units limits and water balance equation.
Preferably, step (4) includes:
(4.1) weight vectors, neighborhood vector and initial population are initialized, wherein weight vectors indicate in aiming field
The vector of even distribution, field vector indicate several weight vectors nearest with weight vectors, each of population individual table
It is shown as a solution；
(4.2) for each weight vectors, random number r is generated, if r is less than preset threshold, will mate population Chi Yugeng
New population pond is set as the individual in the neighborhood vector of present weight vector, if r is not less than preset threshold, will mate population pond
Entire population is set as with Population Regeneration pond；
(4.3) two individuals are randomly selected from mating population pond as parent, are executed intersection and mutation operation, are obtained one
A offspring individual；
(4.4) offspring individual is compared with the parent in Population Regeneration pond, selects preferably individual as the next generation
Individual a, wherein filial generation at most updates a parent；
(4.5) if current evolutionary generation is greater than default maximum evolutionary generation, terminate, output is as a result, if work as evolution generation
Current evolutionary generation is then added 1, and go to and execute step (4.2) no more than default maximum evolutionary generation by number.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect: the present invention passes through design classification Flood Control Dispatch rule format；Decision variable is carried out according to classification Flood Control Dispatch rule
Coding；Establish the reservoir object and multi object mathematical model for considering flood control, power generation and shipping；Finally using the multiple target based on decomposition into
Change algorithm MOEA/D to solve object and multi object mathematical model, obtains the reservoir classification Flood Control Dispatch rule for taking into account power generation, shipping
Optimal solution set, can make full use of middle-size and small-size flood, weigh flood-preventing goal, the power generation target and shipping target of reservoir operation,
The comprehensive benefit for improving reservoir operation to the maximum extent under the premise of meeting reservior safety and flood protec- tion can be widely applied and reservoir reality
Border scheduling.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of MOEA/D method flow schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of five scheme letdown flows of flood season in 1954 and water level process figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
Wherein, Fig. 3 (a) is the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 1 under flood season in 1954, and Fig. 3 (b) is under scheme 30 under flood season in 1954
Vent flow procedure chart, Fig. 3 (c) are the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 40 under flood season in 1954, and Fig. 3 (d) is under 1954 year flood season
The letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 47, Fig. 3 (e) are the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 60 under flood season in 1954, and Fig. 3 (f) is
The water level process figure of lower five schemes of flood season in 1954；
Fig. 4 is a kind of five scheme letdown flows of flood season in 1981 and water level process figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
Wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 1 under flood season in 1981, and Fig. 4 (b) is under scheme 30 under flood season in 1981
Vent flow procedure chart, Fig. 4 (c) are the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 40 under flood season in 1981, and Fig. 4 (d) is under 1981 year flood season
The letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 47, Fig. 4 (e) are the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 60 under flood season in 1981, Fig. 4 (f) 1981
The water level process figure of year flood season lower five schemes.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
It is a kind of method flow schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention, side provided in an embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1
Method specifically includes the following steps:
(1) it building classification Flood Control Dispatch rule: is limited according to reservoir flood season many years water situation, flood control by reservoir regulation storage capacity, flood control
Upstream water level and reservoir inflow are classified Z by water level processed and downstream flood control standard etc.i∈[Zi l,Zi u], Ij∈[Ij l,Ij u], Zi
And IjThe reservoir inflow section under the water level section and j-th of grade of i-th of grade is respectively represented, l and u respectively represent section
Bound.To which the form of classification Flood Control Dispatch rule can be indicated by following equation:
Rij=f (Zi,Ij)
Wherein, RijIt indicates under the decision under the reservoir inflow section under the water level section and j-th of grade of i-th of grade
Vent flow, f () indicate this Flood Control Dispatch rule function.
The method of the present invention is described in detail using Three Gorges Dam as object: the flood control of Three Gorges Dam is
145m, normal pool level 175m, for flood a-hundred-year and below, flood season peak level must not be higher than 171m, under let out
Flow must not exceed 55000 m3/ s is to guarantee the water level at Shashi station lower than 44.5m.According to features above, it is anti-to establish Three Gorges classification
Big vast scheduling rule table is as shown in table 1:
1 Three Gorges of table are classified Flood Control Dispatch rule list
(2) coding of decision variable: according to classification Flood Control Dispatch rule, with the water level and storage quantity correspondence under different brackets
Letdown flow RijFor decision variable, as the variable to be optimized of MOEA/D algorithm, coding uses real coding, as shown in table 1,
It altogether include 29 variables to be optimized, wherein the bounds of each variable are [30000,55000].
(3) object and multi object mathematical model is established: with upstream flood control safety target, downstream flood control safety target, pass through curve
Maximum and annual average power generation is up to target, establishes multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch rule optimization model.In addition to this, model
Following constraint condition: water balance equation, restriction of water level, letdown flow constraint, units limits need to be met.It is specific as follows:
Objective function
1) flood-preventing goal: mainly there are two targets for flood control by reservoir regulation, first is that mitigating downstream flood damage, second is that reserved storage capacity is used
In preventing extreme flood.Therefore, it is as follows that two flood-preventing goals are established:
Wherein, number of segment when T is schedule periods, RtFor the letdown flow of t period reservoir, ZtFor the water level of t period reservoir.
2) generate electricity target: total power generation is up to power generation target in the reservoir operation phase:
Wherein, A is output of power station coefficient, and Δ t is scheduling slot interval, HtAnd qtRespectively the head of reservoir t period and
Generating flow, NtIndicate the power output of t period.
3) navigation target: navigation rate up to navigation target in the reservoir operation phase:
Wherein, fn() is the calculating function of pass through curve, with letdown flow RtIt is related.
Constraint condition
1) water balance equation:
St=St-1+It-Rt
Wherein, StFor the storage capacity of reservoir t period, St-1For the storage capacity of reservoir t-1 period, ItFor the reservoir t period
Reservoir inflow.
2) restriction of water level:
Wherein, ZtFor the water level of reservoir t period,For the bound of reservoir t period water level.
3) letdown flow constrains:
Wherein,For reservoir t period letdown flow bound.
4) units limits:
Wherein,The bound contributed for reservoir in t moment.
(4) use MOEA/D to solve: object is Three Gorges Dam, using 1882 to 130 years 2011 history of Yichang Station
Water flood season, scale parameter day is according to the reservoir inflow as Three Gorges Dam.MOEA/D key operator and parameter are set first: intersecting and calculates
Son is 20, mutation operator 30, population quantity 60, neighborhood quantity are 15, default maximum evolutionary generation is 500, then according to
Following steps optimization:
S1: initialization: executing initialization operation, initializes weight vectors, neighborhood vector, initial population, and setting is evolved generation
Number g=0；
S2: for each weight vectors, following operation will all be executed:
S2.1: mating population pond and Population Regeneration pond are determined: generates random number r, will mate population Chi Yugeng if r < 0.9
New population pond is set as the individual in the neighborhood vector of current vector；Otherwise, mating population pond is set as whole with Population Regeneration pond
A population；
S2.2: offspring individual generates: randomly selecting two individuals from mating population pond as parent, executes genetic algorithm
Intersection and mutation operation, obtain an offspring individual；
S2.3: parent updates: offspring individual being compared with the parent in Population Regeneration pond, selection preferably individual is made
For next-generation individual, a filial generation at most updates a parent.
S3: termination condition judgement.If g > 500, terminate algorithm, exports result；Otherwise, g=g+1 goes to step S2.
Fig. 2 illustrates the algorithm flow chart of MOEA/D.Table 2 lists the non-bad scheme collection of classification Flood Control Dispatch rule acquired
It closes, the peak level of each scheme, maximum letdown flow, annual average power generation and navigation rate are shown in the table.Peak level value
It is the average value of every 130 years peak levels, maximum letdown flow, generated energy and navigation rate are also such.Bad side non-for every kind
Case, be all satisfied flood control constraint: maximum stage is lower than 171m, and maximum letdown flow is less than 55000m3/s.From Table 2, it can be seen that
Mean highest water level existsBetween.Correspondingly, average maximum letdown flow is from 49096m3/ s drops to
42319m3/s.Scheme 1 has best upstream flood-preventing goal value, identical as design rule.Average annual energy output is 533.3 (sides
Case 1) to 588.6 (scheme 60) hundred million kWh, it means that scheme 60 can make annual average power generation increase by 10.37%.Average navigation rate
It can be optimized to 80.2%, the average navigation rate of former design rule is 77.8%.Therefore, the classification Flood Control Dispatch rule after optimization
Power generation in the flood seasons amount can be increased substantially under the premise of not violating flood control standard and improves flood season navigation rate.
Table 2 is classified the non-bad scheme collection of Flood Control Dispatch rule
The Flood process verification of two Typical Years is selected from 130 years.1954 and 1981.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 difference
Give Detailed flow process and water level process of 5 kinds of typical scenarios under flood regime three times.Wherein, Fig. 3 (a) is 1954 years
The letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 1 under flood season, Fig. 3 (b) are the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 30 under flood season in 1954, Fig. 3 (c)
For the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 40 under flood season in 1954, Fig. 3 (d) is the letdown flow process of scheme 47 under flood season in 1954
Figure, Fig. 3 (e) are the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 60 under flood season in 1954, and Fig. 3 (f) is lower five schemes of flood season in 1954
Water level process figure；Fig. 4 (a) is the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 1 under flood season in 1981, and Fig. 4 (b) is scheme under 1981 year flood season
30 letdown flow procedure chart, Fig. 4 (c) are the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 40 under flood season in 1981, and Fig. 4 (d) is 1981 years
The letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 47 under flood season, Fig. 4 (e) are the letdown flow procedure chart of scheme 60 under flood season in 1981, Fig. 4
(f) the water level process figure of lower five schemes of flood season in 1981.
It can be seen from the figure that scheme 1 is only greater than 55000m in water3Just by lower aerial drainage when/s or water level are higher than 145m
Amount is down to 55000m3/s.Downstream security can be protected to the maximum extent in this way, but since water level is low, generated energy will receive limit
System.Scheme 30, scheme 40, scheme 47 and scheme 60 are not only prevented higher than 55000m3The flood peak of/s, and prevent and be lower than
55000m3The medium and small flood of/s.These schemes will improve water level to some extent, reduce letdown flow.Therefore, more floods
Resource be used to generate electricity and shipping.All schemes are optimized under flood control standard, and peak level is 171 under all situations
Rice is hereinafter, maximum displacement is not more than 55000m3/s。
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of reservoir multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch method characterized by comprising
(1) upstream water level and reservoir inflow are classified, obtain the reservoir inflow under the corresponding water level section of each grade and each grade
Section, and then classification Flood Control Dispatch rule is determined by the reservoir inflow section under the corresponding water level section of each grade and each grade,
Wherein, classification Flood Control Dispatch rule is for indicating the aerial drainage under the decision under the water level section and reservoir inflow section of each grade
Amount；
(2) according to classification Flood Control Dispatch rule, under different brackets water level and the corresponding decision of reservoir inflow under aerial drainage
The variable to be optimized as MOEA/D algorithm is measured, using real coding；
(3) maximum with upstream flood control safety target, downstream flood control safety target, pass through curve maximum and schedule periods generated energy
For target, multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch rule optimization model is established；
(4) the multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch rule optimization model is solved using MOEA/D and obtains the corresponding highest water of each scheme
Position, maximum letdown flow, schedule periods generated energy and navigation rate, and then determine the target for meeting water level requirement and letdown flow requirement
Scheduling scheme.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein step (1) includes:
(1.1) upstream water level and reservoir inflow are classified: Zi∈[Zi l,Zi u], Ij∈[Ij l,Ij u], ZiAnd IjGeneration respectively
Reservoir inflow section under the water level section and j-th of grade of i-th of grade of table, l and u respectively represent the bound in section；
(1.2) by Rij=f (Zi,Ij) determine classification Flood Control Dispatch rule, wherein RijIt indicates in the water level section of i-th of grade
With the decision letdown flow under the reservoir inflow section under j-th of grade, f () indicates this Flood Control Dispatch rule function.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that step (3) includes:
(3.1) byAndDetermine flood-preventing goal, wherein T
Number of segment when for schedule periods, RtFor the letdown flow of t period reservoir, ZtFor the water level of t period reservoir；
(3.2) byDetermine power generation target, wherein A is output of power station coefficient, and Δ t is to adjust
Spend period interval, HtAnd qtThe respectively head and generating flow of reservoir t period, NtIndicate the power output of t period；
(3.3) byDetermine navigation target, wherein fn() is the calculating function of pass through curve, under
Vent flow RtIt is related.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the multi-objective Hierarchical Flood Control Dispatch rule optimization model is full
It is enough lower constraint condition: operating water level constraint, letdown flow constraint, units limits and water balance equation.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein step (4) includes:
(4.1) weight vectors, neighborhood vector and initial population are initialized, wherein weight vectors expression uniformly divides in aiming field
The vector of cloth, field vector indicate that several weight vectors nearest with weight vectors, each individual in population are expressed as
One solution；
(4.2) for each weight vectors, random number r is generated, if r is less than preset threshold, will mate population Chi Yugeng novel species
Group pond is set as the individual in the neighborhood vector of present weight vector, if r is not less than preset threshold, will mate population Chi Yugeng
New population pond is set as entire population；
(4.3) two individuals are randomly selected from mating population pond as parent, are executed intersection and mutation operation, are obtained a son
Generation individual；
(4.4) offspring individual is compared with the parent in Population Regeneration pond, selects preferably individual individual as the next generation,
Wherein, a filial generation at most updates a parent；
(4.5) if currently evolutionary generation is greater than default maximum evolutionary generation, terminate, output is as a result, if currently evolutionary generation is not
Greater than default maximum evolutionary generation, then current evolutionary generation is added 1, and go to and execute step (4.2).
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