CN109635357A - A kind of overlying strata separation layer dynamic position prediction technique considering the broken swollen property of mining rock - Google Patents

A kind of overlying strata separation layer dynamic position prediction technique considering the broken swollen property of mining rock Download PDF

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CN109635357A
CN109635357A CN201811383165.6A CN201811383165A CN109635357A CN 109635357 A CN109635357 A CN 109635357A CN 201811383165 A CN201811383165 A CN 201811383165A CN 109635357 A CN109635357 A CN 109635357A
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absciss layer
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CN109635357B (en
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李文平
范开放
王启庆
赵东良
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of overlying strata separation layer dynamic position prediction techniques for considering the broken swollen property of mining rock, by the otherness for considering different layers position absciss layer mechanical model caused by the broken swollen property of rock mass, for the absciss layer under caving zone maximum development height, rock group the next on absciss layer is reduced to two fixed ends beam model and carries out analytical calculation；And for the absciss layer on caving zone maximum development height, the upper rock group of absciss layer is reduced to two-endpoint method, absciss layer bottom rock group is reduced to winkler elastic subgrade beam progress analytical calculation by the present invention, conventional method is compared, the mechanical model that the present invention chooses is more reasonable；The present invention gives the criterion of different layers position absciss layer disappearance, it can be also used for the prediction of roof delamination dynamic development position, therefore the corresponding overlying strata separation layer development position of prediction work face drilling depth that can be more accurate, with better services in the basic research and preventing and controlling of strata movement and related secondary disaster.

Description

A kind of overlying strata separation layer dynamic position prediction technique considering the broken swollen property of mining rock
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of abscission layer development position predicting methods, and in particular to a kind of to consider covering for the broken swollen property of mining rock Rock absciss layer dynamic position prediction technique, belongs to downhole safety production technical field.
Background technique
It will form goaf after seam mining, original stress of overlying strata soil layer can weigh during Seam Mining on goaf New distribution, to generate the deformation failure of certain rule.According to the extent of the destruction of Rock And Soil after seam mining, after can adopting on cover Rock-soil layer divides from top to bottom are as follows: warp damage, slit band and caving zone, that is, caving zone.Overlying strata soil layer is because adopting mistake on coal seam Weighing apparatus, takes place absciss layer inbreak from direct rimrock layer, and gradually develops upwards until the space of seam mining is by the broken swollen of inbreak Until Rock And Soil is full of, this part is known as caving zone.During caving zone is formed, the rock stratum of roof delamination inbreak is in downward fortune It is not limited by swollen rock mass broken in goaf during moving；And be located on caving zone in fissure zone or warp damage from Layer, because goaf is enriched, the support in its next rock stratum bending folding process then unavoidably by broken swollen rock mass is limited, Its absciss layer mechanical model and absciss layer disappearance mode are different from the absciss layer in caving zone.
Traditional abscission layer development position predicting method is based on compound beam theory, and by comparing adjacent strata bending resistance at present Qu Xingneng differentiates whether the contact surface of adjacent strata is opened and generates absciss layer.Specific judgment method is as follows:
The combination beam that above goaf is made of by one n-layer rock stratum, thickness, severe, the elasticity modulus of each rock stratum are respectively hi、γi、Ei(i=1,2,3 ... n)；It is actually born based on combination beam principle, calculating bottom rock stratum (i.e. the 1st layer of combination beam) Load (qn)1,If (qn+1)1< (qn)1, then determine (n+1)th layer and n-th layer rock stratum Between produce absciss layer.
Above-mentioned tradition determination method or its deformation method are widely used in strata movement and the basis of related secondary disaster is ground Study carefully and preventing and controlling, such as absciss layer water damage, bump and coal mine roof plate collapse accident.However the traditional theory method exist compared with More shortcomings, such as: (1) " combination beam " that this method default is made of rock stratum is broken not by lower part into goaf migration process The supporting role of rock mass does not consider that the broken swollen property of rock mass causes the difference of different layers position absciss layer mechanical model.(2) roof overburden is transported Dynamic form is destroyed with the bending deformation that " the rock stratum group " that is made of single-layer or multi-layer rock stratum is unit, and absciss layer is only possible to generate The contact surface of adjacent " rock stratum group "；This method is but by every layer of overlying strata of top plate separately as the comparison other of mechanical property, undoubtedly Keep prediction result deviation more.(3) with seam mining, roof delamination is in that lateral spread is gone through with longitudinal evolution dynamically risen to Journey, this method do not consider influence of the working face drilling depth to roof overburden absciss layer stability, can not expect the closure or disappearance of absciss layer, It can not expect the dynamic position variation of roof overburden abscission layer development.Therefore cause this traditional prediction technique can not be very Accurate prediction absciss layer dynamic development position, that is, be unable to prediction work face a certain drilling depth corresponding roof overburden abscission layer development position It sets.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome various deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of overlying strata for considering the broken swollen property of mining rock Absciss layer dynamic position prediction technique fully considers the difference of absciss layer mechanical model inside and outside caving zone, more accurate prediction work Drilling depth corresponding overlying strata separation layer development position in face in the basic research of strata movement and related secondary disaster and is prevented with better services Control work.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides a kind of overlying strata separation layer dynamic position for considering the broken swollen property of mining rock Prediction technique, which comprises the following steps:
The first step, the range that absciss layer can be developed according to working face drilling depth and rock stratum fracture angle delineation；
Second step is based on combination beam principle, according to rock stratum thickness, elasticity modulus and bulk density to can develop within the scope of absciss layer Overlying strata carry out rock stratum combination and divide, and differentiate the position that can develop absciss layer, and determine germinable absciss layer length；
Third step is based on mining area exploitation practice summary experience or " mine geological hazards regulation ", according to the practical exploitation of working face Operating condition and the estimated caving zone maximum development height of earth formation；
4th step, the caving zone largest anticipated height determined according to the differentiation result and step 3 of step 2 and rock stratum resist Tensile strength, to judge the absciss layer in caving zone maximum development height, whether unstability is broken, and further differentiates maximum caving zone height Within stabilization separating location；
5th step, according to working face mining coal seam thickness, rock mass broken swollen coefficient, the differentiation result of step 2, step 3 Caving zone largest anticipated height and rock stratum tensile strength, to determine that the germinable absciss layer of caving zone maximum development height or more is No unstability fracture or closure, further differentiate the stabilization separating location of maximum caving zone height or more.
Specifically, abscission layer development range is the triangle of break line and the delineation of working face drilling depth before and after overlying strata in the first step, The calculation formula of abscission layer development extent height are as follows:
In formula: H is abscission layer development extent height, unit m；L is working face drilling depth, unit m；α1、α2For before and after rock stratum Be broken angle.
Specifically, determining germinable absciss layer length in second step, specific step is as follows:
1., to the rock stratum that can be developed in absciss layer extent height from bottom to up number consecutively 1,2 ..., n；Calculate n-layer rock stratum In the form of combination beam when synchronous deformation, the load (q for the practical receiving that the 1st layer of bottom rock stratum, that is, combination beamn)1；
In formula: EiFor the lithology modulus of i-th layer of rock stratum, unit MPa；hiFor i-th layer of depth of stratum, unit m；γiFor I-th layer of rock stratum severe, unit kN/m3；
If 2., step calculated result 1. meet (qm)1=max ((q1)1,(q2)1,…,(qn)1), and 1≤m < n, then sentence Absciss layer has occurred between fixed m+1 layers of rock stratum and m layers of rock stratum, 1~m layers of rock stratum are then divided into same rock stratum group, numbers For #1；
3., using m+1 layers of rock stratum as combination beam first layer, the bottom-up number consecutively in rock stratum to m layers or more again, 1. 2. repeat step, and it is bottom-up to rock stratum group number consecutively be #1, #2 ..., #n, the contact surface between each rock stratum group is For the position of abscission layer development；
If 4., step calculated result 1. or 3. meet (qn)1=max ((q1)1,(q2)1,…,(qn)1), then determine No. 1 Rock stratum to the rock stratum n is generated without absciss layer, and 1~n-layer rock stratum is divided into same rock stratum group；
5., according to formula l=L-Hs(cotα1+cotα2) calculating each germinable absciss layer length, in formula: l is germinable Absciss layer length, unit m；L is working face drilling depth, unit m；HsDistance for germinable separating location away from coal seam The absciss layer height of development, unit m；α1、α2For the angle that is broken before and after rock stratum.
Specifically, further differentiating the stabilization separating location within maximum caving zone height, specific steps are such as in the 4th step Under:
1., to the germinable absciss layer in caving zone maximum development height, according to formulaCalculate separately absciss layer Upper bottom rock stratum group broken mechanics lOnAnd lUnder, in formula: liFor the broken mechanics of number #i rock group, unit m；hiFor number #i rock group Thickness, unit m；σiFor the tensile strength of number #i rock group, unit MPa；qiThe self weight of number #i rock group, unit N/m2；
2., on more germinable absciss layer length l and absciss layer the next rock group broken mechanics size: if l < min (lOn, lUnder), Determine that absciss layer does not have unstability, i.e. the absciss layer is to stablize absciss layer；If l >=min (lOn, lUnder), determine absciss layer unstability, occurs broken Disconnected, absciss layer disappears.
Specifically, further differentiating the stabilization separating location of maximum caving zone height or more, specific steps are such as in the 5th step Under:
1., to germinable absciss layer more than caving zone maximum development height, according to formulaIt calculates on absciss layer Position rock stratum group broken mechanics lOn；In formula: liFor the broken mechanics of number #i rock group, unit m；hiFor the thickness of number #i rock group, unit For m；σiFor the tensile strength of number #i rock group, unit MPa；qiThe self weight of number #i rock group, unit N/m2；
2., according to following bending moment functions Mmax(l) and extreme bending moment [M] formula M, is calculatedmaxAbsciss layer bottom rock group when=[M] Broken mechanics lUnder；
Wherein:
In formula: k is coefficient of subgrade reaction, unit kN/m3；Q is the self weight of rock group, unit N/m2；EI is that the bending resistance of rock group is rigid Degree, unit Nm2；β is characterized coefficient, takes 1/m；hiIt is the thickness of i-th layer of rock group, unit m； AndIt is krannov's function；
3., according to following absciss layer flow function hs(l), inverse absciss layer amount hs(l)=0 when, germinable absciss layer lateral dimension ls；
Wherein:
In formula: ΔiFor the free space of i-th layer of rock group lower part, unit m；M is working seam thickness, unit m；hjIt is The thickness of jth layer rock group, unit m；λjFor the broken swollen coefficient of jth layer rock group, zero dimension；qOn、qUnderIt is self-possessed for upper the next rock group, Unit is N/m2；EOnIOnFor the bending stiffness of upper rock group, unit Nm2；
4., compare l, lOn、lUnderAnd lsSize: if l < min (lOn, lUnder, ls), determine that absciss layer does not have unstability or closure, i.e., should Absciss layer is to stablize absciss layer；If l >=min (lOn, lUnder, ls), determine that unstability or closure has occurred in absciss layer, i.e. absciss layer disappears.
The otherness of different layers position absciss layer mechanical model caused by the present invention has been fully considered because of the broken swollen property of rock mass, for emitting It falls with the absciss layer under maximum development height, rock group the next on absciss layer is reduced to two fixed ends beam model and divided by the present invention Analysis calculates；And for the absciss layer on caving zone maximum development height, the upper rock group of absciss layer is reduced to two fixed ends by the present invention Absciss layer bottom rock group is reduced to winkler elastic subgrade beam progress analytical calculation by beam, compares conventional method, what the present invention chose Mechanical model is more reasonable；The present invention gives the criterion of different layers position absciss layer disappearance, can be also used for roof delamination dynamic The prediction of development position.The method of the present invention step is simple, and the mechanical model and decision criteria of selection more meet stope reality, amendment The defect of traditional decision criteria, prediction result is more accurate, and convenient for promoting, can preferably serve strata movement and correlation The basic research and preventing and controlling of secondary disaster.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method for the present invention implementation flow chart；
Fig. 2 is certain 745 working face borehole television imaging results of east mine
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Certain east mine 745 working face coal seam 327.76~382.08m of buried depth, mining thickness M=2.3m, strike length 400m tilts wide 60~120m, and for face roof coal measure strata based on sandstone and mud stone, a high position has hard thick magmatic rock, tool Body stratum preservation situation and physical and mechanical parameter are shown in Table 1.The working face uses single longwell inbreak coal-mining method, moves towards length in back production Absciss layer gushing water occurs when about L=150m.
Using 745 working face abscission layer development situations when method provided by the present invention prediction drilling depth 150m, as shown in Figure 1, Specific step is as follows:
The first step draws a circle to approve abscission layer development range according to working face drilling depth and rock stratum fracture angle:
Working face drilling depth L takes 150m, and be broken angle α before and after rock stratum1、α262 ° are taken, abscission layer development range is that overlying strata front and back is broken The triangle of broken string and the delineation of working face drilling depth, according to formulaCalculating abscission layer development extent height H is 141m；
Second step enters the rock stratum in abscission layer development extent height according to 1 formation thickness of table for 1~No. 6 rock stratum；Base In combination beam principle, absciss layer can be developed to the overlying strata progress within the scope of abscission layer development according to rock stratum thickness, elasticity modulus and bulk density The principium identification of position, and absciss layer length is calculated, the specific method is as follows:
1., to the rock stratum that can be developed in absciss layer extent height from bottom to up number consecutively 1,2 ..., n；Calculate n-layer rock stratum In the form of combination beam when synchronous deformation, the load (q for the practical receiving that the 1st layer of bottom rock stratum, that is, combination beamn)1；
In formula: EiFor the lithology modulus of i-th layer of rock stratum, unit MPa；hiFor i-th layer of depth of stratum, unit m；γiFor I-th layer of rock stratum severe, unit kN/m3；
If 2., step calculated result 1. meet (qm)1=max ((q1)1,(q2)1,…,(qn)1), and 1≤m < n, then sentence Absciss layer has occurred between fixed m+1 layers of rock stratum and m layers of rock stratum, 1~m layers of rock stratum are then divided into same rock stratum group, numbers For #1；
3., using m+1 layers of rock stratum as combination beam first layer, the bottom-up number consecutively in rock stratum to m layers or more again, 1. 2. repeat step, and it is bottom-up to rock stratum group number consecutively be #1, #2 ..., #n, the contact surface between each rock stratum group is For the position of abscission layer development；
If 4., step calculated result 1. or 3. meet (qn)1=max ((q1)1,(q2)1,…,(qn)1), then determine No. 1 Rock stratum to the rock stratum n is generated without absciss layer, and 1~n-layer rock stratum is divided into same rock stratum group；
5., according to formula l=L-Hs(cotα1+cotα2) calculating each germinable absciss layer length, in formula: l is germinable Absciss layer length, unit m；L is working face drilling depth, unit m；HsDistance for germinable separating location away from coal seam The absciss layer height of development, unit m；α1、α2For the angle that is broken before and after rock stratum.
As shown in table 1,745 are obtained using the data that the physical and mechanical parameter and analysis meter provided according to geologic information calculates The principium identification result of face roof overlying strata separation layer.
Table 1
Third step can obtain caving zone maximum development height based on mining area exploitation practice summary experience as 6.9m；
4th step, because in caving zone maximum development height without absciss layer, therefore directly to outside caving zone height absciss layer carry out Stability distinguishing, the specific method is as follows:
1., to the germinable absciss layer outside caving zone maximum development height, according to formulaIt is upper to calculate absciss layer Rock stratum group broken mechanics lOn；
2., according to following bending moment functions Mmax(l) and extreme bending moment [M] formula M, is calculatedmaxAbsciss layer bottom rock group when=[M] Broken mechanics lUnder；
Wherein:
In formula: k is coefficient of subgrade reaction, unit kN/m3；Q is the self weight of rock group, unit N/m2；EI is that the bending resistance of rock group is rigid Degree, unit Nm2；β is characterized coefficient, 1/m；hiIt is the thickness of i-th layer of rock group, unit m；AndIt is krannov's function；
3., according to following absciss layer flow function hs(l), inverse absciss layer amount hs(l)=0 absciss layer lateral dimension l whens；
Wherein:
In formula: ΔiFor the free space of i-th layer of rock group lower part, unit m；M is working seam thickness, unit m；hjIt is The thickness of jth layer rock group, unit m；λjFor the broken swollen coefficient of jth layer rock group, zero dimension；qOn、qUnderIt is self-possessed for upper the next rock group, Unit is N/m2；EOnIOnFor the bending stiffness of upper rock group, unit Nm2；
4., compare l, lOn、lUnderAnd lsSize: if l < min (lOn, lUnder, ls), determine that absciss layer does not have unstability or a closure, i.e., from Layer exists；If l >=min (lOn, lUnder, ls), determine that unstability or closure has occurred in absciss layer, i.e. absciss layer disappears.
According to the geologic information in exploiting field, taking coefficient of subgrade reaction k is 100MN/m3, broken swollen coefficient is 1.3, first to number 1,2 Absciss layer between rock stratum carries out stability distinguishing, and data are brought into and calculate lOn, lUnder, lsFormula, the results showed that min (lOn, lUnder, ls)=107.38m < 125.40m, absciss layer unstability at this；Similarly differentiate the stability of absciss layer between number 5,6 rock stratum, calculated result Show min (lOn, lUnder, ls) < 84.92m determines absciss layer fracture unstability at this.
In order to verify the accuracy of prediction technique in the present invention, by surface drilling, the method being imaged using borehole television Absciss layer and fissure zone detection are carried out to 745 working faces, to find out that the layer position of absciss layer appearance, the hole creep into 31.47 meters of coal measure strata Afterwards, bottom hole is fallen to bore after seeing remaining absciss layer.According to borehole television imaging results (Fig. 2), (5 powder of number at buried depth 316.83m Sandstone and 6 magmatic rock contact surface of number) at find remaining absciss layer, absciss layer has been broken unstability at this, demonstrates present invention prediction side The accuracy of method.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of overlying strata separation layer dynamic position prediction technique for considering the broken swollen property of mining rock, which is characterized in that including following step It is rapid:
The first step, the range that absciss layer can be developed according to working face drilling depth and rock stratum fracture angle delineation；
Second step is based on combination beam principle, according to rock stratum thickness, elasticity modulus and bulk density to the overlying strata that can be developed within the scope of absciss layer It carries out rock stratum combination to divide, differentiates the position that can develop absciss layer, and determine germinable absciss layer length；
Third step is based on mining area exploitation practice summary experience or " mine geological hazards regulation ", according to the practical exploitation operating condition of working face And the estimated caving zone maximum development height of earth formation；
4th step, according to the differentiation result and step 3 of step 2 determine caving zone largest anticipated height and rock stratum tension it is strong Degree, to judge the absciss layer in caving zone maximum development height, whether unstability is broken, and further differentiates within maximum caving zone height Stabilization separating location；
5th step, according to working face mining coal seam thickness, the broken swollen coefficient of rock mass, step 2 differentiation result, step 3 inbreak Band largest anticipated height and rock stratum tensile strength, to determine whether the germinable absciss layer of caving zone maximum development height or more loses Steady fracture or closure further differentiate the stabilization separating location of maximum caving zone height or more.
2. the overlying strata separation layer dynamic position prediction technique according to claim 1 for considering the broken swollen property of mining rock, feature It is, in the first step, abscission layer development range is the triangle of break line and the delineation of working face drilling depth before and after overlying strata, abscission layer development model Enclose the calculation formula of height are as follows:
In formula: H is abscission layer development extent height, unit m；L is working face drilling depth, unit m；α1、α2To be broken before and after rock stratum Angle.
3. the overlying strata separation layer dynamic position prediction technique according to claim 2 for considering the broken swollen property of mining rock, feature It is, germinable absciss layer length is determined in second step, and specific step is as follows:
1., to the rock stratum that can be developed in absciss layer extent height from bottom to up number consecutively 1,2 ..., n；N-layer rock stratum is calculated with group When conjunction beam form synchronizes deformation, the load (q for the practical receiving that the 1st layer of bottom rock stratum, that is, combination beamn)1；
In formula: EiFor the lithology modulus of i-th layer of rock stratum, unit MPa；hiFor i-th layer of depth of stratum, unit m；γiIt is i-th Layer rock stratum severe, unit kN/m3；
If 2., step calculated result 1. meet (qm)1=max ((q1)1,(q2)1,…,(qn)1), and 1≤m < n, then determine m Absciss layer has occurred between+1 layer of rock stratum and m layers of rock stratum, 1~m layers of rock stratum are then divided into same rock stratum group, number #1；
3., using m+1 layers of rock stratum as combination beam first layer, the bottom-up number consecutively in rock stratum to m layers or more again repeats Step 1. 2., and it is bottom-up to rock stratum group number consecutively be #1, #2 ..., #n, the contact surface between each rock stratum group be from The position of layer development；
If 4., step calculated result 1. or 3. meet (qn)1=max ((q1)1,(q2)1,…,(qn)1), then determine No. 1 rock stratum It is generated to the rock stratum n without absciss layer, 1~n-layer rock stratum is divided into same rock stratum group；
5., according to formula l=L-Hs(cotα1+cotα2) calculating each germinable absciss layer length, in formula: l is germinable absciss layer Length, unit m；L is working face drilling depth, unit m；HsDistance for germinable separating location away from coal seam can develop Absciss layer height, unit m；α1、α2For the angle that is broken before and after rock stratum.
4. the overlying strata separation layer dynamic position prediction technique according to claim 3 for considering the broken swollen property of mining rock, feature It is, in the 4th step, further differentiates the stabilization separating location within maximum caving zone height, the specific steps are as follows:
1., to the germinable absciss layer in caving zone maximum development height, according to formulaCalculate separately absciss layer or more Position rock stratum group broken mechanics lOnAnd lUnder, in formula: liFor the broken mechanics of number #i rock group, unit m；hiFor the thickness of number #i rock group, Unit is m；σiFor the tensile strength of number #i rock group, unit MPa；qiThe self weight of number #i rock group, unit N/m2；
2., on more germinable absciss layer length l and absciss layer the next rock group broken mechanics size: if l < min (lOn, lUnder), determine Absciss layer does not have unstability, i.e. the absciss layer is to stablize absciss layer；If l >=min (lOn, lUnder), determine absciss layer unstability, is broken, from Layer disappears.
5. the overlying strata separation layer dynamic position prediction technique according to claim 4 for considering the broken swollen property of mining rock, feature It is, in the 5th step, further differentiates the stabilization separating location of maximum caving zone height or more, the specific steps are as follows:
1., to germinable absciss layer more than caving zone maximum development height, according to formulaCalculate the upper rock of absciss layer Layer group broken mechanics lOn；In formula: liFor the broken mechanics of number #i rock group, unit m；hiFor the thickness of number #i rock group, unit m； σiFor the tensile strength of number #i rock group, unit MPa；qiThe self weight of number #i rock group, unit N/m2；
2., according to following bending moment functions Mmax(l) and extreme bending moment [M] formula M, is calculatedmaxAbsciss layer bottom rock group is broken when=[M] Away from lUnder；
Wherein:
In formula: k is coefficient of subgrade reaction, unit kN/m3；Q is the self weight of rock group, unit N/m2；EI is the bending stiffness of rock group, single Position is Nm2；β is characterized coefficient, takes 1/m；hiIt is the thickness of i-th layer of rock group, unit m； And It is krannov's function；
3., according to following absciss layer flow function hs(l), inverse absciss layer amount hs(l)=0 when, germinable absciss layer lateral dimension ls；
Wherein:
In formula: ΔiFor the free space of i-th layer of rock group lower part, unit m；M is working seam thickness, unit m；hjIt is jth The thickness of layer rock group, unit m；λjFor the broken swollen coefficient of jth layer rock group, zero dimension；qOn、qUnderIt is self-possessed for upper the next rock group, it is single Position is N/m2；EOnIOnFor the bending stiffness of upper rock group, unit Nm2；
4., compare l, lOn、lUnderAnd lsSize: if l < min (lOn, lUnder, ls), determine that absciss layer does not have unstability or closure, the i.e. absciss layer To stablize absciss layer；If l >=min (lOn, lUnder, ls), determine that unstability or closure has occurred in absciss layer, i.e. absciss layer disappears.
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